satOG2官方作文.doc

OG2Though America has suffered through times of massive economic distress where government intervention (介入， 调停， 妨碍)was necessary in maintaining the peoples spirit, America was founded by individuals at town meetings, behind their ploughs, or in peaceful petition请愿书. In todays relatively stable society, people should feel empowered允许授权 to make changes and solve problems because countless reforms began at the grassroots 草根level. If people need inspiration or proof, they need only to look to the progressives or the Steimetz twins, who rid摆脱 the beaches of cigarette butts with their activism.In the early 1900s, American government had been congealed凝固 into a state of corruption and inaction迟钝， 不活动 by the powerful lobbyists of the industries. In this Gilded Age, the disparity between rich and poor were astonishingwhile Vanderbilt became a millionaire, millions of factory workersmostly immigrantslived in squalor and ate insalubrious不健康的， food. At this same time, the progressive movement sought to rectify these injustices. Jane Addams, for example, started a settlement house for women workers, where she not only provided child care and financial support, but also campaigned for the abolition of child labor and the creation of laws to protect workers safety. The actions of hundreds of others like her eventually led to reforms in city governmentthe referendum, the city council ran by experts, not lobbyists, etc. All these reforms originated at the movement of the individual.However, movement by individuals does not have to spread nationwide to be effective. In the state of Connecticut, two teenagers who passionately cared for the environment effected state laws to make littering of cigarette butts illegal on beaches. The teens began with simple cleanup campaigns with friends and family but realized that more action couldand shouldbe taken. Thence, they began to make trips to state legislature in addition to trips to the beachinstead of collecting butts, they rallied support. Eventually, a law was passed to make their sentiments 情绪感情permanenthowever, the impetus started in the minds of two teenagers.Government is powerful and well-intentioned, but the sordid 肮脏的， 卑鄙的mechanics of politics often obstruct妨碍阻碍 problem solving. Individuals, however, are not so hampered. In a country where rights not enumerated (explicitly given to the federal government) are for the people, people should see individual action as a right responsibility. 虽然美国也经历过大规模经济衰退，政府必须出面干涉以鼓舞民众士气的时期，但美国是由个人，通过镇民大会，通过辛勤躬耕，通过和平情愿建立起来的。在今天相对稳定的社会中，人民必须自觉推动变革，解决问题，因为无数改革都起源于草根阶层。如果人们需要激励或证据，只要看看进步主义者(progressives）和通过积极行动扫荡了沙滩上的烟屁股的斯泰梅茨双胞胎（Steimetz twins）就行了。20世纪初，美国政府由于工业集团游说者(lobbyists)的强大力量而陷入腐败和不作为的境况。在这个镀金时代，贫富差距十分惊人范德比尔特(Vanderbilt)成了百万富翁，而数百万工人大部分是海外移民却住着肮脏的居所，吃着不健康的食品。这个时候，兴起了以纠正这些不公平为目的的进步运动(the progressive movement)。例如，珍妮亚当斯建立起女工社会服务所，在服务所她不仅提供儿童看护服务和经济援助，而且发起了废除童工和保护工人安全的运动。成百上千像她这样的人的行动终于带来了市政府的改革公民投票表决，由专家而不是游说集团控制的市议会，等等。所有这些改革都源于个人的行动。然而，个人的运动不必非得席卷全国才算有效。在康涅狄格州，两个热心环保的少年促使本州立法，宣布在沙滩上乱扔烟头为非法行为。两个孩子最初和朋友、家人一起发起简单的清扫行动，但随后认识到他们可以而且应该采取更多行动。因此，他们除了到沙滩上去之外，还造访了州立法机关不是去拣烟头，而是寻求支持。最终，法案通过，他们的意见变成了永久的法律然而，最初的动力来自于两个少年的头脑。政府是强大的，善意的，但肮脏的政治机制常常阻碍问题的解决。而个人所受的限制则较少。在一个人民享有未列举权利（该权利被明确给予联邦政府）的国家，人民应该把个人行动看作是一项权利，更是一项义务 economic distress经济困难 事例扩展进步主义运动和斯泰梅茨双胞胎的例子还可用于关于良知和动机的题目，如：1. Are people more likely to be happy if they focus on goals other than their own happiness?2. Is conscience a more powerful motivator than money, fame, or power?3. Are people motivated to achive by personal satisfaction rather than by money or fame?4. Should school help students understand moral choices and social issues?进步主义运动还可用于关于过去和现在的