2013届上海市高三英语二模——简答.doc

普陀区 2013 届高考英语二模卷1 14 2013 届 届 2012 学年 上海市高三英语一模学年 上海市高三英语一模 简答简答 宝山区 杨浦区 静安区 青浦区 Section D Directions Read the passage carefully Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words Children and adolescents who watch a lot of television are more likely to have antisocial and criminal behavior when they become adults according to a new University of Otago New Zealand study published online in the journal Pediatrics The study followed a group of around 1 000 children born in the New Zealand city of Dunedin in 1972 1973 Every two years between the ages of 5 and 15 they were asked how much television they watched Those who watched more television were more likely to have a criminal conviction and were also more likely to have antisocial personality traits in adulthood The study found that the risk of having a criminal behavior by early adulthood increased by about 30 with every hour that children spent watching TV on an average weeknight The study also found that watching more television in childhood was associated in adulthood with aggressive personality an increased tendency to experience negative emotions and an increased risk of antisocial personality disorder a psychiatric disorder characterised by persistent patterns of aggressive and antisocial behavior The researchers found that the relationship between TV viewing and antisocial behavior was not explained by socio economic status aggressive or antisocial behavior in early childhood or parenting factors A study co author Lindsay Robertson says it is not that children who were already antisocial watched more television Rather children who watched a lot of television were likely to go on to manifest antisocial behavior and personality traits Other studies have suggested a link between television viewing and antisocial behavior though very few have been able to demonstrate a cause and effect sequence This is the first real life study that has asked about TV viewing throughout the whole childhood period and has looked at a range of antisocial outcomes in adulthood As an observational study it cannot prove that watching too much television caused the antisocial outcomes but the findings are consistent with most of the research and provides further evidence that excessive television can have long term consequences for behavior Antisocial behavior is a major problem for society While we re not saying that television causes all antisocial behavior our findings do suggest that reducing TV viewing could go some way towards reducing rates of antisocial behavior in society says Associate Professor Hancox The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children should watch no more than 1 to 2 hours of quality television programming each day The researchers say their findings support the idea that parents should try to limit their children s television use Note Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS 81 The aim of the study is to reveal 普陀区 2013 届高考英语二模卷2 14 82 The researchers chose as their research subjects 研究对象 83 What s the shortcoming of most of the studies on this topic 84 What do you suppose many parents will do after reading this passage 81 the relationship between television viewing and antisocial behavior 82 about 1 000 children born in Dunedin in 1972 1973 83 They fail to demonstrate a cause and effect sequence 84 Limit their children s television use to 1 to 2 hours 崇明县 Section D Directions Read the passage carefully Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words 普陀区 2013 届高考英语二模卷3 14 Note Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS 81 What does the flight distance of an animal depend on 82 According to the passage an animal usually does not attack the man unless 83 The example of the children holding hands when crossing the street in the last paragraph is used to show 84 What is the topic of the passage 虹口区 Section D Directions Read the passage carefully Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words The poverty line is the minimum inc ome that people need for an acceptable standard of living People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem As the general standard of living in the country rises the poverty line does too Therefore even with today s relatively high standard of living about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line However if these people had stable jobs they could have an acceptable standard of living Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs For one thing more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work Over 40 percent of the poor people are children By law children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries And over 10 percent of the poor people are old Many companies do not hire people over 65 years old the normal retirement age Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons they are sick they do not have any motivation 动力 they have family problems or they do not believe that they can find a job 普陀区 2013 届高考英语二模卷4 14 Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one Many poor adults never went to high school Therefore when they look for jobs they have few skills that they can offer At the present time the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways First if the national economy grows businesses and industries hire more workers Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may find employment Then they will no longer be below the poverty line Second if society invests in the poor the poor will become more productive If the government spends money on social programs education and training for poor people the poor will have the skills to offer Then it is more likely that they can find jobs Finally if the government distributes society s income differently it raises some poor people above the poverty line The government collects taxes from the non poor and gives money to the poor These payments to the poor are called welfare In 2010 over 18 million people in the United States received welfare Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem However at the present time many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living Note Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS 81 What does the poverty line in a country change with 82 Most of the American poor people are not qualified for employment because 83 In order for the poor to have the skills to offer the government must invest in 84 How do those below the poverty line enjoy the existing welfare from the government 81 The general standard of living 82 they are too young or too old to work 83 social programs education and training for poor people 84 They receive get money collected from the rich non poor 普陀区 2013 届高考英语二模卷5 14 黄浦区黄浦区 Section D Directions Read the passage carefully Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words Relations between the United States and Spain were not very good in 1898 On February 15 a battleship called the USS Maine blew up and sank in the harbor at Havana Cuba More than 260 Americans were killed Many Americans thought that Spanish saboteurs 破坏者 had set an underwater mine that caused the explosion Witnesses and survivors had different versions of what happened Some said that they heard two explosions It was discovered that the magazine which is a storage place for arms ammunition 军火 and explosives had exploded Questions were raised about what caused the first explosion Did the first explosion come from outside the ship causing the magazine to explode Or did something on the ship blow up the magazine Other witnesses said that there was only one explosion If they are right then what on the ship caused the magazine to explode A theory supporting the two explosion version was that rebels from Cuba had caused the explosion The rebels were aware of the bad feelings between the United States and Spain They would have been willing to cause trouble between the nations to bring an end to Spanish rule in Cuba The United States government issued an ultimatum 最后通牒 to the Spanish government to end its occupation of Cuba When Spanish officials refused Congress and President William McKinley declared war on Spain The war did not last long because the United Sates forced an early surrender More than 100 years after the explosion of Maine the cause of the explosion is still unknown Many questions remain If an attack from outside the ship caused the magazine to explode why didn t witnesses see a splash in the water Why were there no dead fish in the water if there was an external explosion With the mystery still unsolved the question of what really happened to the USS Maine may never be answered Note Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS 81 On February 15 1898 more than 260 Americans lost their lives because of 82 According to the passage the magazine was used to 83 According to the two explosion version what s the probable purpose of the Cuban rebels to cause the explosion 84 What s the main topic of the passage 普陀区 2013 届高考英语二模卷6 14 81 the explosion and sinking of the USS Maine 82 store arms ammunition and explosives 83 To cause trouble and end the Spanish rule occupation 84 The Mystery of the USS Maine The possible causes of the USS Maine s Explosion 嘉定区嘉定区 长宁区长宁区 Section D Directions Read the passage carefully Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words Working mothers who try to do everything by themselves are more likely to become depressed than those accepting that they are not super humans a recent study of hundreds of women suggests Women are told a story that they can do it all but most workplaces are still designed for employees without child care responsibilities and they can happily combine child raising and a career if they are willing to let some things slide Katrina Leupp a researcher suggests that rather than trying to do everything themselves working women should get family members or others to help with the housework and not feel guilty about leaving work early when family duty calls High earners can follow the lead of actress Anna Friel who let out her secret to dealing with work and being a mother at the same time employing two maids A researcher from the University of Washington said Employment is beneficial for women s health even when differences in marital 婚姻的 satisfaction and working full or part time are ruled out But the analysis also found that not all working mothers are equally happy The women with supermum attitudes as young adults showed more signs of depression the American Sociological Society s annual conference stated Women who try to do it all without any help are more likely to feel they are failures when things do not go to plan Very often they may be drowned in tiredness Lack of any me time could also be an issue However she stressed that working women including super mums generally still a lower risk of depression than stay at home mothers adding But for better mental health working mums should accept that they can t do it all Pam Spurr a life coach and mother of two said working women don t have to feel ashamed to take a career break when they have kids to take care of or cut back on time in the office She said We need to accept that we are only human and can t do it all Note Answer the questions or complete the statement in NO MORE THAN THE WORDS 普陀区 2013 届高考英语二模卷7 14 81 According to a recent study in order not to be depressed working mothers 82 How should working women deal with career and family according to Katrina Leupp 83 What are the signs of super mums depression 84 In Pam Spurr s opinion working women need to realize there is no shame in 81 should have to must accept that they are not super humans super mums 82 They should get help and leave work early if necessary 83 Feelings of failures tiredness and lack of any me time 84 taking a career break with kids or cutting back office hours time working less time 金山区 松江区 徐汇区 Section D Directions Read the passage carefully Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words It is estimated that around of the approximately six thousand languages that are spoken today over three thousand of them are likely to have disappeared by the year 2100 Many of these are now classified as endangered languages and are classified as such by factors such as the number of speakers a language has the age of the speakers and the percentage of the youngest generation acquiring fluency in the language For example a language with many tens of thousands of speakers may be considered endangered if the children in the community are no longer learning the language This scenario 情节 may happen in a place like Indonesia which as many different languages in use but is trying to make communication easier by teaching a national language nation wide In another scenario a language may only have a few hundred speakers but may not be considered endangered because all of the children in the community are learning the language Once a language is classified as endangered conservation efforts may be made in an attempt to revive the language Whether or not to make such efforts is a decision which is ultimately made by the speakers of the language themselves but success often requires a great deal of help and approval from the government or other authorities One of the most famous language conservation success stories is that of the Welsh language Historically large numbers of Welsh people spoke only Welsh but eventually English became the main 普陀区 2013 届高考英语二模卷8 14 language of Wales and fewer and fewer people learned Welsh Conservation efforts began to be made in the mid 20th century with the establishment of such organizations as the Welsh Language Association in 1962 The Welsh Language Act and the Government of Wales Act both passed in the 1990s protected the Welsh language and made sure that English and Welsh would have equal status in Wales Since 2000 the study of the Welsh language has been a compulsory subject in school Today over 22 of the population of Wales are Welsh speakers up from 18 in 1991 81 What factors are taken into consideration when we classify languages as endangered ones besides the number and the age of the speakers 82 One of the reasons why some languages go declining in Indonesia is 83 The word revive in Para 2 most probably means 84 What does the example of the Welsh language try to tell us Note Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS Section D 81 The percentage of young people among speakers 82 to make communication easier to teach a national language nation wide 83 bring sth back to life bring sth back into use save 84 An endangered language can be saved by conservation efforts Section D Directions Read the passage carefully Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words For anyone who is determined to be a fashion designer it is not enough to have succeeded in college The real test is whether they can survive and become established during their early 20s making a name for themselves in the real world where business skills can be as important as creativity Fashion is a hard business There is a continuous amount of stress because work is at a constant and extremely fast speed to prepare for the next season s collections It is extremely competitive and there is the constant need to make attractive advertisements of the latest fashion in newspapers and magazines It 普陀区 2013 届高考英语二模卷9 14 also requires continual freshness because the appetite for new ideas is hard to satisfy We try to warn people before they come to us about how tough it is says Lydia Kemeny the Head of Fashion at St Martin s School of Art in London And we point out that drive and determination are absolutely necessary This may seem far removed from the popular opinions of fashionable young people spending their time designing pretty dresses That may well be what they do in their first year of study but a good college won t be slow in introducing students to commercial realities We don t walk our foot on the blossoming flower of creativity but in the second year we start introducing the restrictions of price producing ability marketing and so on Almost all fashion design is done to a brief It is not a form of self expression as such although there is certainly room for imagination and creativity Most young designers are going to end up as employees of a producer or a fashion house and they still need to be able to work within the employers characteristic style Even those who are most modern in their own taste of clothes may need to produce designs which are right for the mainstream of market They also have to be able to work at both the expensive and the cheap end of the market and the challenge to produce good design inexpensively may well be demanding Note Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS 81 What are equally important if a fashion designer wants to be successful 82 Why does a fashion designer have to be creative 83 Besides learning to design beautiful dresses students are also taught 84 According to the last paragraph are the two things fashion designers have to consider when working as employees 81 Business skills and creativity 82 Because consumers needs keep changing the appetite for new ideas is hard to satisfy 83 commercial realities the restrictions of price producing ability marketing 84 the employers characteristic style and the mainstream of market 浦东新区浦东新区 普陀区 2013 届高考英语二模卷10 14 普陀区 2013 届高考英语二模卷11 14 Section D 81 Late winter flow