2013翻译基础英语A-5.doc

苏州大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（ A 卷）科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语 满分： 100 分注意: 认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I. Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: Each of the following sentences has an underlined word or phrase. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases marked A), B), C) and D). You are to choose the ONE word or phrase which, if substituted for the underlined word or phrase, would hest keep the meaning of the original sentence.1. I think this paragraph can be very well _ without affecting the article as a whole.A. left aloneB. left offC. left behindD. left out2. The amount of money a small businessman would have to _ to cover possible losses would leave him nothing, or almost nothing to run his business with.A. set downB. set backC. set asideD. set about3. At the end of his trial, he was _ of murder.A. convictedB. convincedC. sentencedD. condemned4. The success of the film shows that the reviewers fears were completely _.A. feebleB. misguidedC. unjustifiedD. false5. There are also people who object to fairy stories on the _ that they are not objectively true and that instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy stories, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics.A. conditionB. groundC. persuasionD. assumption6. The students in urban ghetto areas made great efforts to overcome the pain of poverty, racism and discrimination in the _ to achieve academic success.A. desire B. despairC. endeavorD. desperation7. I felt _ to death because I could make nothing of the chairmans speech.A. fatiqued B. tired C. exhausted D. bored8. In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written or for language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive systematic programme for the reading skills.A. adapted B. acknowledged C. assembled D. appointed9. Their demand for a pay raise has not the slightest of being met.A. prospect B. prediction C. prosperity D. permission10. Its usually the case that people seldom behave in a way when in a furious state.A. stable B. rational C. legal D. credible11. Despite all policemens questions the lady continued to _ that she was innocent.A. affirm B. ascertain C. confirm D. certify 12. If you dont understand the new vocabulary you could ask your teacher to explain it or, _, you could look it up in a dictionary. A. alternatively B. otherwise C. instead D. incidentally 13. The _ impression I have of the essay is the intricately painted relationship between appearance and character. A. indelible B. calcified C. perched D. fringed 14. Winter is the _season at most hotels in this seaside town, because very few tourists come to stay.A. slow B. slack C. low D. quiet15. WhilethepopulationoftheUnitedStatesincludesagreatvarietyofracial and ethnic backgrounds, Japans population is _.A.autonomous B.homogeneousC.ambitious D.anonymous16. Everyone who has visited the city agrees that it is _ with life.A. vibrant B. violent C. energetic D. full17. Mary is very set in her ways, but her brother has a more _ attitude to life. A. changeable B. changing C. variable D. flexible18. All experts agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully _ the risks and benefits.A. weighing B. valuing C. evaluating D. distinguishing 19. Many people, if not most, _ literary taste as an elegant accomplishment, by acquiring which they will complete themselves, and make themselves finally fit as members of a correct society.A. look onB. look downC. look inD. look into20.She is a very _ student. Shes always talking about travelling to outer space.A. imaginary B. imaginativeC. imaginableD. imagining21.While in London, we paid a visit to the hospital founded _ the nurse Florence Nightingale.A. in line withB. in favour ofC. in honour ofD. in place of22.Mrs. Lackey was awakened by the ringing of the bedside phone 12 hours after her husbands boat had been _.A. wreckedB. collapsedC. decayedD. fired23. If profit and money are your _, and commitment to people your least concern, you have failed education.A. potential B. priority C. privilege D. principle 24.The work in the office was _ by a constant stream of visitors.A. confusedB. hamperedC. reverendD. perplexed（B）25.Though her parents _ her musical ability, Janes piano playing is really terrible.A. pour scorn onB. heap praise uponC. give vent toD. cast light upon（B）26.The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to _ the consequences by saying that the damage was not as serious as reported.A. decreaseB. subtractC. minimizeD. degrade（C）27.If the world is to remain peaceful the utmost effort must be made by nations to limit local _.A. collisions B. combatsC. contradictions D. conflicts（D）28.I think that I committed a _ in asking her because she seemed very ups et by my question.A. blunderB. revengeC. reproachD. scandal（A）29.The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax _.A. efficiency B. revenuesC. privileges D. validity（B）30.Diamonds have little _ value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.A. extinctB. permanentC. surplusD. intrinsic（D）II. Reading Comprehension Part One: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A , B , C and D . Read the passages and then decide on the best choice. (30%)Passage One As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isnt the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europes new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on Europeans private lives.Europes new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, todays tech-savvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage - twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative-dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone.The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesnt leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasnt got time to get lonely because he has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult.” Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming,” thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships dont last long - if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says shed never have wanted to do what her mother did - give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.”1. More and more young Europeans remain single because _.A. they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualismB. they have entered the workforce at a much earlier ageC. they have embraced a business culture of stabilityD. they are pessimistic about their economic future2. What is said about European society in the passage?A. It has fostered the trend towards small families.B. It is getting closer to American-style capitalism.C. It has limited consumer choice despite a free market.D. It is being threatened by irresistible privatization.3. According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are _.A. warm and lightheartedB. on either side of marriageC. negative and gloomyD. healthy and wealthy4. The author quotes Eppendorf to show that _.A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedomB. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day EuropeC. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonelyD. most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable5. What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners.B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.C. To examine the trend of young people living alone.D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.Passage TwoIncreasingly, over the past ten years, people - especially young people - have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed foods, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers, widely used in farming today. Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruits and grains which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount - but not the quality - of foods grown in commercial farming areas. Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry: there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food; they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins. There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a nonessential food! Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if this is necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be an addictive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is to provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals - and no fiber. It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fiber has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of wholemeal bread and more vegetables by modern experts on healthy eating. 6. Recently, some people are interested in natural foods because _.A. these foods are fresh and sweet B. they want to change their eating habitsC. these foods do not contain chemical additives and have not been affected by chemical fertilizerD. they dont like the processed foods7. Sugar provides us with _.A. fiberB. vitaminsC. mineralsD. energy, in the form of calories8. It is significant that nowadays _ considered to be an important part of a healthy diet.A. vegetables are B. white bread is C. fiber is D. unrefined flour is 9. According to the passage, it can be inferred that brown bread is better than white bread because _.A. it contains a lot of vitamins which do man goodB. it contains a lot of fiber which does man goodC. it contains large quantities of minerals which man needs badlyD. it tastes very good10. On the basis of the information in the passage, healthy eating means _.A. eating more possessed foods sometimes B. eating more foods which contain rich organic matterC. eating more foods which are rich in fiberD. eating more natural foods every day Passage ThreeIf the population of the Earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet. By the middle of the 21st century, if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars, for example. Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on Earth will make it necessary for us to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however, has recently been suggested by an American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan. Sagan believes that before the Earths resources are completely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmosphere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as Earth itself. The difficulty is that Venus is much hotter than the Earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there. Sagan proposes that algae, organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen, should be bred in conditions similar to those on Venus. As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceships will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere. In a fairly short time, the algae will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon. When the algae have done their work, the atmosphere will become cooler but before man can set foot on Venus, it will be necessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for men to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like Earth will be reproduced on Venus. If the experiments are successful, life will become possible there but it will not be pleasant at first. When they go to Venus, the first colonists will have to take plenty of water with them and get used to days and nights lasting 60 Earth-days. But there will also be some advantages. The colonists will live longer because their hearts will suffer less strain than on Earth. Apart from that, they will be exploring a new world while those still on Earth are living in closed, uncomfortable conditions. Perhaps it will be the only way to ensure the survival of the human race. 11. It will eventually become necessary for us to try to colonize another planet because _.A. the Earth will have too many people on itB. we will have used all the oil that drives our carsC. there are not enough resources to sustain life on EarthD. scientists havent developed new ways of feeding the human race12. Sagan thinks _ it will have the capability to change the atmosphere of Venus and so make a new world like the Earth.A. before the water, air and oil of the Earth are completely used upB. after the resources of the Earth are completely used upC. before the resources of the Earth are totally used up D. before the resources of the Earth are partly used up13. It is not possible for us to colonize Venus immediately because _.A. there i