工业自动化专业英语复习资料.doc

Unit 10 signal conditioner 信号调理器electric motor 电动机solenoid 螺线管 electromechanically 机电地a solid-state device 含半导体的固体设备actuate solenoid valve 启动电磁阀cylinder 气缸sequential control system 顺序控制系统rinse 漂洗stepper motor 步进电动机 servomotor 伺服电动机 electric stove 电炉ceramic fiber 陶瓷on-off 开关式 proportional（throttling）节流式to complicate matters 很复杂的是line specification 管线规格inlet pressure 入口压力differential pressure 差压flow characteristics of the valve 阀的流量特性linear，equal percentage，quick-opening 线性，等百分比，快开fail-safe mode故障安全模式 fail-closed /open valve气关/开型 bellow seals波纹管密封vendor 卖方，厂家threeway /angle/gate/diaphragm/pinch/rotary/ ball/ butterfly/ plug valve三通/角阀/闸阀/隔膜阀/夹管阀/旋钮阀/球阀/蝶阀/柱塞阀flanged/threaded /welded connections法兰连接/线接/焊接cast iron 铸铁cooling fins 散热片packing 填料deformable 变形的chemically inert 化学惰性leakage 泄露hydraulic actuator 液动执行机构pneumatic actuator 气动执行机构modulate 调制，调节vent 排放elastic 有弹性的Unit 11process modeling and system identification 过程建模和系统辨识mathematical model 数学模型input-output relationship 输入输出关系tremendous process 巨大的几步heat transfer coefficient 热传导系数chemical reaction rate 化学反应速率damping factor 阻尼系数optimal and adaptive control theories最优化和自适应控制理论time-varying parameter 时变参数communication channel probing 通信信道探测system and fault testing 系统和故障检测econometrics 计量经济学have long sought 一直寻求。endogenous variables 内生变量exogenous variables 外生变量physiology 生理学a man-machine environment人机环境metabolism 新陈代谢ecology 生态学transportation 交通学sociology 社会学yield 给出，产出priori knowledge 先验知识the complete identification problem 完全辨识black box problem 黑箱问题partial identification problem 部分辨识grey box problem灰箱问题nonlinear 非线性 assumption 假设，想象associated coefficients 相关系数derive导出a statistical-estimation problem 数据估计问题specify and parameterize 指定并且参数化weighting function 权函数differential equation 差分方程 state variable equation 状态方程parameter estimation methodology 参数估计法the methods of maximum likelihood 最大似然法least squares 最小二乘法 cross-correlation 互相关instrumenttal variable 辅助变量stochastic approximation 随机近似error criterion 误差准则off-line/on-line identification 离/在线辨识recursively 迭代的，递归的data set数据集on-line real-time identification 在线实时辨识Unit12state-space models 状态空间模型input-output models 输入输出模型spectral density谱密度covariance functions 协方差函数drum boiler 气鼓锅炉under no circumstance 无论如何balance for force/moment /mass /energy /constructive equations 力/ 力矩/质量/能量/构成平衡方程physical interpretation 物理解释parameter estimation参数估计iterative 重复的 反复的transient or frequency-response analysis 瞬时或者频率响应crude estimation 粗略估计sinusoids 正弦white-noise disturbance 白噪声干扰postulate 假定probabilistic arguments 概率参量discrete-time system 离散系统generalized error 广义误差prediction error预测误差asteroid Ceres谷神星座optimization problem 最优化问题the principle of least squares 最小二乘基本原理the minimization problem of the sum of squares of the error 误差平方和最小化问题stochastic process 随机过程statistical parameter-estimation problem数据参数估计问题frequency-response analysis 频率响应分析transient-response analysis 瞬时响应分析quadratic 二次型的the least-square method with extensions 扩张最小二乘法convergence 收敛性 scrutinize 仔细检查 核查probability density 概率密度Unit 13句子翻译：According to Gauss the principle of least squares is that the unknown parameter of a model should be chosen in such a way that the sum of the squares of differences between the actually observed and computed values multiplied by numbers that measure the degree of precision is a minimum。根据高斯所说，最小二乘的基本原理就是一个模型的位置参数应该按照实际观测值和计算值误差的平方和乘以表示精度的数后其值最小的方法来选择。（或者，根据高斯所说，最小二乘的基本原理就是一个模型的位置参数应该以这样的方法来选择，即使得实际观测值和计算值误差的平方和乘以表示精度的数后其值最小的方法来选）analytical solution 解析解loss function 损耗（损失）函数nonsingular 满秩的nonnegative 非负的unbiased estimate 无偏估计residual 残余 剩余one-step-ahead prediction error Newton-Raphson gradient second partial derivative Unit14model structure 模型结构zero mean 零均值standard deviation 标准差biased estimate 有偏估计step responses 阶跃响应second-order model 二阶模型deterministic part 确定部分recursive estimation 收敛估计recursive equation 收敛方程phase plane 相平面estimate converge 估计收敛output variance 输出变异dashed line 虚线Unit16feedforward control 前馈控制 ratio control 比例控制 on-line 在线 reflux ratio 回流比 controller gain 控制器增益 liquid level 液位 measurement error 测量误差 control valve 控制阀distillation column 蒸馏塔 error signal 偏差信号 set point 设定值 mathematical model 数学模型 retuning controller 自整定调节器 measurable disturbance 可测扰动 time constant 时间常数 time delays 时滞 transient state 瞬态 steady state 稳态 load variable 负荷变化 load disturbance 负载扰动 physically realizable 物理可实现的 three-element level control 三冲量控制 flow rate 流量downstream processing unit 顺流控制单元 process variable 过程变量individual variable 独立变量 optimum value 最优值off-the-shelf 批量的pneumatic and electronic control system 气动和电动控制系统 ratio controller（RC）比率（值）控制器 ratio station（RS）比率（值）控制站 desired ratio 期望比率（值）orifice plate孔板differential-pressure transmitter 差压变送器 wave fliter 滤波器Cascade control 串级控制 dynamic response 动态响应secondary measurement point 副测量点 secondary feedback controller 副控制器 master/primary controller 主控制器 slave/secondy controller 从属控制器 multiple feedback loop 多重反馈回路 stirred chemical reactor 搅拌反应器 reactor jacket 反应器夹套层reactant feed temperature or composition 反应物进料的温度或组成heat removal rate 散热率 dynamic lag 动态滞后makeup rate 补给率 second measured variable 副变量 secondary control loop 副控制回路 primary control loop 主控制回路 natural draft furnace 自然通风炉 temperature controller（TC）温度控制器 sluggish response 迟钝反应 respond rapidly 反应迅速Unit15validate 验证a step up 正阶跃a step down 负阶跃detrendmean value 平均值default situation 默认情况spectral analysis 光谱分析correlation analysis 相关分析transient response瞬态响应fine tuning 微调discrepancy 不一致Unit 17advanced control 先进控制problematic areastime-delay compensation 时滞补偿velocity 速度frequency response 频率响应phase lag 相位滞后Smith predictor technique 史密斯预估器技术model-based controller 基于模型的控制器internal Model Control 内部模型控制analytical predictor 分析预估器dead time 死区时间modeling errors 模型误差load disturbances 负载扰动inner loop 内环a first order plus time-delay 一阶纯延时inferential control 推理控制overhead product stream 塔顶流出物a binary mixture 二相混合物Gibbs phase 吉布斯相律mole fraction 摩尔分数algorithm 算法instrumentation 仪表incentive 动机Unit18Catalytic reaction systems 催化反应heat exchanger fouling 换热器结垢daily circle 日常周期self-tuning controller 自整定控制器gain scheduling 自调节openloop gain 开环增益once-through