2013-2016高考考纲新增词汇.docx

闵行莘庄英语组 021-641317782013年高考英语词汇手册新增词汇1. advocate dvket vt 拥护; 提倡; 主张 reform / a policy, banning private cars in the city centredvkt n 拥护者; 提倡者; 辩护者 a strong of education reform一名教改的坚决拥护者2. adolescent dlesnt n 青少年 adj 青春期的; 青少年的 adolescence n 青春期; 青年期3. boom bu:m n 繁荣(期); 激增, 暴涨; 低沉声 a boom in the economy / car sales的繁荣/的激增v (使)繁荣; 激增; (使)迅速发展; 发出低沉声The economy / Business is booming. 经济繁荣/ 生意兴旺.4. brave adj 勇敢的 vt 勇敢面对; 向挑战 the danger / the bad weather 5. curriculum krkjlm n 课程 pl curricula / curriculums adj curricular 课程的6. cute kju:t adj 可爱的; 漂亮; 聪明的, 精明的 a baby, a little house7. distinguish distiwi a. 区分; 辨别 A from B, / tell right from wrong 明辨是非, between A and Bb. 使杰出; 使著名 distinguish oneself使杰出, 使自己出众, distinguishing features明显的特征8. encounter nkant v a. 偶遇; 邂逅 an old friend in Paris b. 遇到(问题、困难等) problems / difficulties / obstaclessyn meet with / come across / run into / run across n 偶遇; 邂逅; 遭遇 an with sb / sth9. genuine denjn adj真正的; 非伪造的; 真诚的 (= real) leather 真皮, The painting isnt . friendship 真挚友谊10. hop hp vi 单足跳跃; (弹)跳 vt 跳过, 跃过; (口)跳上(开动的车) hop on a bus n 单足跳; 一段旅程11. intense intens adj 强烈的; 激烈的; 紧张的; 热情的 heat高温酷热, / fierce competition激烈竞争, the work / exam紧张的工作/ 考试 n intensity12. interaction ntrkn n 相互作用; 互相影响; 互动 the between the teacher and students / teacher-student interaction 师生互动 vt interact with sb13. liberty libti n 自由 at 自由, set sb at = set sb free, the Statue of Liberty (美国)自由女神像14. pension penn n 养老金; 退休金 reform / scheme养老金改革/ 计划 vt 发给养老金或退休金15. regulation regjlen n 规章, 规则; 管理; 控制 rules and regulations规章制度vt regulate 管理; 控制; 使规律化 the traffic管理交通, a well- family管理有方的家庭16. resort rz:t n 常去之地; (度假)胜地 tourist resorts旅游胜地 / tourist attractions / scenic spots旅游景点17. steer st vt a. 驾驶(车/ 船/ 飞机等); 掌(舵) a car into the garage / a boat between the rocksb. 指导; 引导 sb towards independence 引导某人独立 c. steer clear (of sth / sb) 避开vi 驾驶(汽车、飞机等); 掌舵 steering wheel 方向盘, The ship ed into the port.2014年高考英语词汇手册新增词汇1. anxiety zat n 焦虑, 挂虑; 渴望 reduce ones , ones to succeed / for knowledgeadj anxious 2. bounce bans v a. (使)反弹, (使)弹起A rubber ball s well. a ball拍球/ 使球弹起 b. (弹)跳 The boy d on the bed. bounce back 受挫折后恢复原状; 重新振作 learn how to back from failure, The stock market d back.n 弹跳; 弹性, 弹力3. carvek:v va. 雕刻 ones name on the desk, be carved with a dragon刻着一条龙 b. 切(开) the meat into slices把肉切成薄片 c. out 开创出; 雕刻出 out a career d. up瓜分; 划分动词4. coat n 上衣, 外套; (动物的)皮毛; (油漆/ 清漆等的)一层 The door needs a new coat of paint.vt 给涂上/ 盖上/ 裹上 sth with / be ed with The pills are ed with sugar. 药丸包上一层糖衣.5. coin kn n 硬币; 金属钱币 Every has two sides. 事物都是一分为二的.vt 铸(币); 创造; 杜撰(新词等) money 造钱币, a word, a coined word6. contribute to 7. cosmetic kzmetkn (s) 化妆品 adj化妆用的; 美容的; 表面的 surgery 整容手术8. dense dens adj 密集的; 稠密的; 浓的 a forest, fog, a densely populated area人口稠密的地区9. hit v 击; 碰撞 n a. 击; 碰撞 b. 成功而轰动一时的物(电影/ 唱片等)或人 The new film is quite a hit.10. initial inil adj 开始的; 最初的; 字首的the letter of a word 单词的首字母, in the stage (of sth)初级阶段n (词)首字母 Sign your name and s. 签上姓和名字的首字母.11. initiate net vt开始; 创始; 发起 a reform / a campaign开始改革/ 发起运动 sb into sth a. 使初步了解; 向传授基础知识 b. 接纳, 使加入 sb into a club12. initiative ntv n倡议; 主动性/ 权; 首创精神a peace 和平倡议, have / lose the initiative拥有/ 丧失主动权, take the initiative采取主动13. leg n腿(部); 一段行程/ 航程/ 赛程 a leg of a long journey一段旅程, a three-legged table三脚桌子14. marine mri:n adj海(洋)的; 航海的; 海事的 life, law / court 海事法/ 法庭15. pedestrian pdestrn n步行者; 行人 adj 徒步的; 行人的 street 步行街, crossing人行横道16. spillspl v溢出; 泼出; 使洒落 spill-spilled/ spilt- spilled/ spilt Oil ed from the tanker.油从油轮中溢出来. Its no use crying over spilt milk. 后悔无益/ 覆水难收.n 溢出(量); 泼出(量)17. stir st: vt a. 搅动; 使微动 the coffee with a spoon b. 激发; 激起 stir ones sympathy 激起某人的同情, stir sb into action激起某人行动 c. stir up 煽动; 激起; 引起; 激励 up trouble惹麻烦n. 搅动; 微动; 骚乱/动; 轰动 cause a stir引起轰动/ 骚动, His film has caused a stir in America.18. strategy strtd n策略; 战略(学); 行动计划 marketing 销售策略, his long-term career 他长远事业规划 adj strategic 2015年高考英语词汇手册新增词汇1. addict dkt n有瘾的人; (吸毒)成瘾者; 入迷的人 a TV/ drug vt使上瘾; 使沉溺, 使入迷 addict oneself to sth = be addicted to sth对上瘾; 沉溺于be addicted to drugs / video games吸毒上瘾/ 沉迷于电子游戏 addiction n fight ones to alcohol / gamblingbe addicted to sth syn be obsessed with / be crazy about / be keen on / be hooked on / be glued to 2. bachelor btl n 单身汉; 学士(学位) BS = Bachelor of Science 理学士3. blind adj a. 失明的; 瞎的 go blind , be blind in the right eye, colour-blind 色盲的 b. 视而不见的 be blind to / turn a eye to sth 对视而不见 be to ones faults c. 盲目的 Love is blind. 爱情是盲目的/ 情人眼里出西施. n blindness瞎 blindly adv 盲目地vt a. 使失明be ed in one eye 一只眼睛被弄瞎 b. 使看不见; 遮暗 allow his love to blind him to her faults因为他的热而看不到她的缺点4. cast k:st vt castcast-cast a. 投; 扔; 抛 cast a vote 投票, cast a shadow (on sth) (在上)投下影子, cast / throw a stone仍石头, cast a / ones net撒网, a fishing line b. 分配扮演角色 cast sb as the hero派某人演主角, cast / throw light on sth阐明, cast / take / have a glance at瞥一眼, cast doubt on对产生疑问n a. 投; 抛; 撒网 b. 演员表/ 全体演员; 角色分配 a film with a distinguished cast 一部名演员演出的电影 5. considerable knsdrbl adj 相当多/ 大的; 值得考虑的; 重要/ 大的 a number of people, a income adv considerably Its (= much / a lot / a great deal ) colder today than it was yesterday. 今天比昨天冷得多.6. decent di:snt adj a. 适当的; 得体的; 像样的; 正派的 behaviour行为得体, a job体面的工作, a suit一套象样的衣服, a person一个正派的人 b. 相当好的 a wage / standard of living很不错的薪水/ 生活水准adv decently 合适地; 体面地 behave , decently dressed 衣着得体7. deliberate dlbrt adj a. 故意的 a insult / murder蓄意侮辱/ 谋杀 b. 深思熟虑的; 慎重的 a decision 慎重的决定8. diagnose dagnz vt a. 诊断(疾病) a disease, be d as, His illness was d as cancer / He was d as suffering from cancer. (sb) be d with AIDS (sb)被诊断患艾滋病 b. 判断(问题) a problem, the problem simply by listening仅靠听就能判断出问题 n diagnosis pl diagnoses9. distribute dstrbju:t vt 分发; 分配; 分送; 分布 leaflets, books among / to the students, sth evenly / be d evenly分布均匀, Fresh water is not evenly distributed. n distribution the of prizes奖品的分发, of natural resources自然资源的分布n distributor 10. evaluate vljuet v 评价; 估价 sb / ones ability, the effectiveness of the drug评估这药的疗效n evaluation process / system 11. heal hi:l v (使)痊愈; (使)愈合; (使)康复The wound healed slowly. heal (=cure) sb of ones illness, Time heals all sorrows. 时间会治愈一切忧伤. 12. knit nt v 编织, 编结 (sb) a sweater (给某人)织毛衣, knit ones brows皱眉13. mode md n a. 方法; 方式 a of life / communication / transport b. (衣着/艺术的)风尚; 时尚 an elegant and formal of dress典雅和正式的着装风格 c. (电子设备的)状态, 模式 switch ones cell phone to silent 把手机切换到静音模式14. orient :rient n the Orient = the East东方 adj oriental 东方的 the Oriental Pearl TV Tower 东方明珠电视塔vt = orientate a. 使适应 sb / sth to sth, students to new ways of thinking 使学生适应新思维方式, our teaching to the needs of the students使我们的教学适应学生们的需要b. 给定向; 以为方向/ 目的 (to / towards) She stopped to herself. 她停下来弄清自己的方向. advocate quality(-oriented) education倡导素质教育, test-oriented education应试教育, a market-oriented economy市场型经济, student-oriented 以学生为中心的/ 为主体的/ 为本的 n orientation adj oriental 15. prejudice predds n 偏见, 成见; 歧视 racial 种族偏见, pride and 傲慢与偏见, against the black race / the disabled 对黑色人种/ 残疾人的偏见16. refund ri:fnd v退还; 偿还 refund the money (to sb) n 退款; 偿还 demand / ask for a full refund要求全额退款17. respectively rspektvli adv 各自地; 各个地; 分别地 adj respectiveTom, Jack and Jim ranked first second and third respectively. 18. rot rt v (使)腐烂; (使)腐朽; (使)腐败 rotting vegetables腐烂的蔬菜, protect sth against rot预防腐烂, rot away腐烂; 烂掉 n 腐烂; 腐朽; 腐败 uncover the rot揭露腐败 adj rotten 19. scheme ski:m n a. 方案; 计划a private pension 私人养老金计划 b. 阴谋; 诡计vi 制定计划; 密谋 to prevent the reform20. shelter elt n 遮蔽(物); 庇护处; 避难所; 居所 a bus 汽车候车亭, provide sb with food, clothing, and transportation为某人提供衣食住行, take / seek from the rain under a tree在树下避雨v 给提供庇护处/ 避难所; 躲避 from the rain = take from the rain避雨, (=protect) sb from criticism, The wall sheltered me from the wind. the homeless / illegal immigrants收容无家可归的人/ 窝藏非法移民21. shuttle tl n (短途)穿梭航班/ 班车/ 火车; 航天飞机; (织机的)梭子; (短程)穿梭运输 take a bus乘班车/ 穿梭巴士/ 区间车, a space 航天飞机v 穿梭般来回移动; 往返运送 He has d back and forth between Shanghai and Beijing.22. spouse spas n 配偶, 夫或妻 23. status stets n a. 地位; 身份 have a low 地位低, Women had such a low that they were confined to their houses and had to do as they were told. symbols 身份象征/ 身份的标志 b. 状况; 情形 your current financial 你目前的经济状况, marital 婚姻状况24. virtual v:tul adj a. 实际上的; 事实上的 a agreement实际上的同意 b. 虚拟的 reality / world adv virtually 实际上; 几乎 / practically impossible几乎不可能 25. virtue v:tu: n 美德; 高尚的道德; 优点 Patience is a virtue. 耐心是一种美德. learn such s as kindness, diligence, unselfishness 学会像这样的美德: 善良, 勤劳, 无私 adj virtuous 有道德的; 品德高的26. weird wd adj奇怪的; 奇异的; 离奇的 Hes different and weird.他与众不同, 有点怪. dress weirdly穿着怪异2016新增词汇27. 在2015年的高考词汇手册中，新增了很多单词及词义，其中就有deliberate。它的意思是“慎重的；故意的”。这个单词它出现在了2015年高考真题中。具体位置是阅读的最后一个篇章，也就是“回答问题”这个题型中，而且还出现了15次。其中文章里出现了10次，题目中出现了5次。可以说，有没有背出这个单词对理解整篇文章及解题都至关重要。28.academicadj. 学校的；学术的；普通文化课的accountn. 记述，陈述；理由；解释；账（目），账户vi. 报账；提出理由（for）e.g.How do you account for the shows success?你认为这次演出为何成功？【提出理由】e.g.The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.天气不好可能是人来得少的原因。【提出理由】adaptv. （使）适应，（使）合适；改编，改写e.g.Three of her novels have been adapted for television.她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。【改编】aimvt.把瞄准，把对准(at)；使旨在(at)vi. 瞄准；目标在于，旨在 (at)n. 瞄准；目的，目标e.g.These measures are aimed at preventing violent crime.这些措施旨在防止暴力犯罪。【旨在】availableadj. 可获得的；可利用的；可取得联系的e.g.Every available doctor was called to the scene.所有能找到的医生都被召集到了现场。【可取得联系的】babyn. 婴儿；幼畜；幼兽e.g.a baby monkey/blackbird 幼猴；黑鹂雏【幼畜；幼兽】badlyadv. 坏；差；严重地；厉害的adj. 健康不好的；有病的；情绪低落的basinn. 盆，洗脸盆；洗涤槽；盆地chopv. 砍，劈，斩；大幅度削减n. 砍击；砍下的一块；排骨肉e.g.The share price was chopped from 50 pence to 20 pence.股价由每股 50 便士猛降至 20 便士。【大幅度削减】contextn. 上下文，语境；背景，环境e.g. This speech needs to be set in the context of Britain in the 1960s.这篇演说需要放到 20 世纪 60 年代的英国这一背景之下来看待。【背景，环境】e.g. His decision can only be understood in context.只有了解来龙去脉才能明白他的决定。【背景，环境】contractn. 合同 /kntrkt/v. 立约规定，订合同（契约）；（使）收缩，（使）缩小；感染（疾病）/kntrkt/e.g. Glass contracts as it cools. 玻璃遇冷收缩。【收缩】e.g. a contracting market 萎缩的市场【收缩】e.g. The heart muscles contract to expel the blood.心脏肌肉收缩以挤压出血液。【收缩】e.g.to contract AIDS/a virus/a disease感染艾滋病、病毒、疾病【感染】couchn. 长沙发covern. （书的）封面；盖子vt.覆盖；掩盖；掩蔽；行过（一段路程）；包括；涉及e.g.She covered her face with her hands. 她双手掩面。【掩盖】e.g.By sunset we had covered thirty miles.到日落时我们已走了三十英里。【行过（一段路程）】e.g.They walked for a long time and covereda good deal ofground.他们步行了很长时间，走了好长的一段路。【行过（一段路程）】e.g.The lectures covered a lot of ground(= a lot of material, subjects, etc.).这些讲座涉及的内容极为广泛丰富。【包括；涉及】e.g.The survey covers all aspects of the business.调查包括这家企业的各个方面。【包括；涉及】criticismn. 批评，批判；评论e.g. literary criticism 文学评论【评论】criticizev. 批评，批判；指责，非难；评论；评价e.g.We were taught how to criticize poems.我们学习了怎样评论诗歌。【评论；评价】crucialadj. 决定性的，关键性的，至关重要的；严酷的；极好的e.g.Winning this contract is crucial to the success of the company.赢得这份合同对这家公司的成败至关重要。【至关重要的】e.g.Parents play a crucial rolein preparing their child for school.父母对孩子做好上学的准备起着至关重要的作用。【至关重要的】dealvt.给予；分配；分给vi. 处理；论述；谈到(with)n. 数量；（一揽子）交易e.g.Many judges deal out harsher sentences to men than to women. 许多法官对男性比对女性的判决更严厉。【给予（判决、处罚）】e.g.The profits were dealt out among the investors.利润分给了投资者。【分配】e.g.We did a dealwith the management on overtime.我们与资方在加班问题上达成了一项协议。【交易】e.g. They were hoping for a better pay deal.他们希望达成一项提高工资的协议。【交易】departuren. 离开；起程，出发；背离e.g.It was a radical departure from tradition.这从根本上违背了传统。【背离】deskn. 书桌；办公桌；（办公大楼、宾馆等中的）服务台e.g. the check-in desk （机场）验票领取登机卡处【服务台】e.g. the reception desk 接待处【服务台】desktopadj. （电脑等）台式的n. 桌面；台式电脑；桌面dreamn. 梦，睡梦；理想v. 做梦；梦想e.g.Her lifelong dream was to be a famous writer.她的毕生愿望就是成为名作家。envyv. 羡慕，嫉妒n. 羡慕（的目标）；嫉妒（的对象）e.g.She felt a pang of envy at the thought of his success.她想到他的成功便感到一阵忌妒的痛苦。【嫉妒】e.g. They looked with envy at her latest purchase.他们羡慕她最近买到的东西。【羡慕】fencen. 栅栏；围栏；篱笆；击剑术flavourn. 味，滋味，味道；调味品；特点，特色；气味，香味e.g.The tomatoes give extra flavor to the sauce.西红柿使调味汁别有风味。【味道】e.g.Foreign visitors help to give a truly international flavor to the occasion.外国客人使这个场合显出一种真正国际性的气氛。【特点】hikevi. & n. 徒步旅行e.g.They went on a ten-mile hike through the forest.他们做了一次穿越森林的十英里徒步旅行。【徒步旅行n.】e.g.strong boots for hiking over rough country适合在崎岖不平的山路徒步旅行用的结实靴子【徒步旅行v.】inchn. 英寸v. （使）缓慢地移动e.g.She moved forward, inching towards the rope.她小心翼翼地慢慢向绳子挪过去。【缓慢地移动】e.g. I inched the car forward. 我开着车小心地缓缓前行。【（使）缓慢地移动】literacyn. 识字，有文化；读写能力；熟谙文学；善与写作e.g.a campaign to promote adult literacy提高成人文化水平的运动【读写能力】e.g. basic literacy skills基本的读写技巧【读写能力】lossn. 损失；丧失；损失；输；失利e.g.Her departure is a big loss to the school.她这一走对学校来说是一个巨大的损失。【损失】e.g. Brazils 21 loss to Argentina巴西对阿根廷 1:2 的落败【失利】lotn. 抽签；运气；大量adv. 到极大程度，非常；常常manualadj. 手（工）的；体力的n. 手册；指南e.g. My camera has manual and automatic functions.我的照相机有手调和自动两种功能。【手（工）的】e.g. manual and non-manual workers体力劳动者和非体力劳动者【体力的】e.g.a computer/car/instruction manual计算机、汽车说明书；用法指南【手册；指南】nailn. 钉子；指甲vt.钉，把钉上；钉牢e.g.I nailed the sign to a tree.我将标示牌钉到了一棵树上。【把钉上】peern. 同辈；同龄人；（才能、学识等方面）相匹敌的人e.g. Children are worried about failing in front of their peers.儿童都怕在同伴面前失败。【同龄人】e.g. Peer pressure is strong among young people(= they want to be like other people of the same age).年轻人受到强大的同辈压力。【同辈】pinn. 别针；发夹vt.（用大头针等）别住，钉住e.g.She pinned the badge onto her jacket.她把徽章别到外衣上。【别住】e.g.A message had been pinned to the notice board.布告牌上钉着一条消息。【钉住】powern. 电力；能力；力；权力vt.给提供动力，使开动e.g.The aircraft is powered by a jet engine.这架飞机由喷气发动机驱动。【给提供动力】e.g.She powered her way into the lead.她迅速用力冲到最前面。【使开动】prejudicen. 偏见，成见vt.使有偏见，使有成见；使产生歧视e.g.The prosecution lawyers have been trying to prejudice the jury against her. 控方律师一直力图使陪审团对她形成偏见。【使有偏见】questionn. 问题；疑问v. 询问；审问；对表示出疑问；对提出异议e.g.I just accepted what he told me. I never thought to question it.他说什么我就接受什么。我从未想过要去怀疑它。【对表示出疑问】e.g. No one has ever questioned her judgement.对她的判断从没有人表示过怀疑。【对表示出疑问】rankvt.把排成行，排列；把分等vi. （在序列中）占特定等级；排成队伍n. 排，行，列；队形；地位；军衔；官衔；等级e.g. At the height of her career she ranked second in the world. 在她事业的顶峰时期，她排名世界第二位。【（在序列中）占特定等级】reachvt.抵达，到达；达到；伸出（肢体等）vi. 达到；延伸；伸手去拿n. （手、足等）伸出；伸出能力（智力、影响等）所及范围e.g. The shot was well beyond the reach of the goalkeeper.这次射门使守门员鞭长莫及。【（手、足等）伸出】e.g. Victory is now out of her reach.胜利现在对于她来说遥不可及。【（智力、影响等）所及范围】e.g. The basic model is priced well within the reach of most people.基本款式的定价大多数人