Unit 3 Period 6-7 教学设计.doc

Period 6-7 Non-restrictive attributive clause1、非限制性定语从句I限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的5点区别1、形式不同限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开，而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间用逗开.2、意义和作用的不同限制性定语从句是对先行词在意义上不可缺少的限定语，如果没有从句，先行词的意思就不完整或无意义或不符合逻辑. 而非限制性定语从句是先行词的补充说明或描绘的作用， 是附加说明，不起限制作用，这种从句与先行词的关系松散， 如果省去也不致影响主句的意思. a. He is the man (whom ) I want to see.b. Those who wish to go to the park must be at the gate by 7:50 am.c. Mr. Zhang， who came to see me yesterday， is an old friend of my fathers.d. Last night I saw a very good film， which was about the Long March.3、翻译的方式和意思不同限制性定语从句往往翻译成一句；而非限制性定语从句往往翻译成二句.a. The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.希望踢足球的那些男孩因为下雨而感到失望.b. The boys， who wanted to play football ， were disappointed when it rained.那些男孩想踢足球，他们因下雨而感到失望. a. The travelers who knew about the floods took another road.知道道路被淹的那些旅客都改道走了.b. The travelers， who knew about the floods， took another road.旅客知道道路被淹了， 都改道走了.a. He said nothing that made her angry.b. He said nothing， which made her angry.4、先行词有所不同. 限制性定语从句修饰名词或代词，不能修饰句子，但非限制性定语从句不但可以解释或说明某个名词或代词而且可以解释或说明整个句子。5、关联词的不同 在限制性定语从句中，先行词是人或物时大多可以用that 来替代who(宾格时whom)/which， 但在非限制性的定语从句中则不能用that， 指人时只能用who/whom(但他们不可以互换使用)，指物时只能用which.。但是先行词表示时间的话，仍用when； 先行词表示地点的，仍用where， 表示所属关系仍用whose. 在非限制性定语从句中关系代词和副词都不能省略.II在什么情况下使用非限制性定语从句： 1、家庭成员具有唯一性的名词作为先行词的时候a. My father， who works in Shanghai， will come back.b. My mother， who loves me very much ， is always ready to help others.c. I have a brother who works in a chemical works. 我有一个在化工厂工作的哥哥。d. I have a brother， who works in a chemical works.我有一个哥哥， 他在化工厂工作。所以说，限制性定语从句在意义上具有“涉他性”，而非限制性定语从句在“唯一性”2、当先行词为专有名词，其从句通常是非限制性的。因为专有名词是某人，某地，某机构的特有名称时，他本身就具有特殊性，无须用定语从句在加以限定。a. Abraham Lincoln， who led the United States through these years， was shot on April，14， 1865.b. Galileo lived in the city of Pisa， where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high.c. In the 1870s， when Marx was already in his fifties， he began to learn Russian.3、当先行词表是类属意义，即表示某类动物、事物或人物时其后所指的定语从句一般是非限制性的。a. A sheep is a useful animal， whose wool has many uses.b. Football， which is a very interesting games， is now played all over the world.4、当先行词为独一无二的事物时，其后的定语从句一般是非限制性的。The earth， which goes around the sun， is called a planet.5、名词(代词)数词等+which/whom结构所引导的定语从句也通常是非限制性的a. I have many friends， some of whom are painters.b. Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore， three of which were English novels.c. The population of Hong Kong is about 6 million， 95% of whom are Chinese.6、定语从句所说明的不是前面某个词， 而是代表整个主句所讲内容，通常用“，”隔开。He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday， which pleased her a lotIII. which与as引导非限制性定语从句as 引导的非限制性定语从句 在非限制性定语从句中， 关系代词as 代替整个主句。 它的位置比较灵活，可位于主句前，主句中，主句后，通常要用逗号与主句隔开。 常常译为“正/像-一样，正/如-一样”。 a. As we expected， our football team won the game.b. Shelly， as all her friends agree， is unusually warm-hearted .c. He usually takes a nap after lunch， as is his habit.d. As is announced in todays papers， the Shanghai Export Commodities Fair will also be open on Sunday.(is 可省)e. As planned， they met on May 20.(=As is planned)which 引导非限制性定语从句which 也可引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词which 可以指代整个句子，也可指代句子的某个成分。 which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。 对主句内容起消极作用，或否定意义的从句一般用which 引导。 常常译为 “这一点”a. The computer is more and more widely used in our life ， which encourages us to study harder b. It rained all night， which prevented as from arriving on time.c. He failed again， which we didnt expect. IV.标点符号也能影响句子结构，这是英语句子的连结手段决定的。Yesterday I got a letter from Li ， which said that he was getting along well with his studies .Yesterday I got a letter from Li . It said that he was getting along well with his studies .Yesterday I got a letter from Li ， and it said that he was