新世纪研究生英语教程答案.doc

U1 main ideas Part I (para.1) This part introduces the subject and arouses readers interest. The author makes an impressive description of the impact of saying good-bye and actual leaving on him. Part II (para.2 to para.4) The author sets the stage with a general description of how he feels on that particular day. His own mood changes from the strong desire of becoming independent and free to fear and uncertainty and to a mixture of both. Part III (para.5 to para.19) The author depicts in great detail the main interest of the story. By having brunch with his Mom and saying good-bye to her, he made a very smooth illustration of the change of his mothers mood from being chatty and cheerful at the beginning to being quiet, even somber as the final moment comes. Part IV (para.20) The author brings the story to its climax and ends it with a symbolic description. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge, which leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. What he chooses is to experience sheer excitement, close his eyes, take a deep breath, and jump into the future.What is the effect of saying farewell and actual leaving on the author?Whom did the author like to say good-bye to? What was the authors mood like before the day of departure and after?How did his mothers mood change during his brunch with her?What was the significance of the particular day to the author? Suggested SummaryThe time of saying good-bye and actual leaving makes a great impact on the author, which is fully demonstrated in the opening sentence. He gives a general description of how he feels on that particular day, during which his own mood changes from sheer excitement for the prospect of becoming independent and free to fear and uncertainty to a mixture of both. By his brunching with Mom and saying good-bye to her, he makes a very smooth depiction of the change of his mothers mood from being chatty and cheerful at the beginning to being quiet, even somber as the final moment comes. To bring the story to its climax, the author ends the story with a symbolic description. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge that leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. No matter what will happen, he closes his eyes, takes a deep breath and jumps into the future.U2Part I (para.1 to para.4)Even though oil consumption is higher than before, its prices wont rise for several reasons. (para. 1)Crude-oil prices have kept changing, which results from the armed conflict in the Middle East.(para. 2)Oil consumption is increasing in developed and developing countries.(para. 3)Thinking that we are unable to avoid oil crisis, Richard E. Rainwater has invested much money on oil and gas industries. (para. 4)Oil prices may even fall because the cash from oil is very necessary to producers and demand growth is adjusted by supply growth, which depends on technology. Part II (para.5 to para.12)With the increasing of measured oil reserves and the development of technology, oil price is unlikely to rise. (para. 5)Highly advanced technology has reduced the costs of oil industry. (para. 6)Its hard for nations to raise oil prices, even if the OPEC cant do it either. (para. 7)With the demand for oil increasing, the supply of it is rising as well.(para. 810)The proven reserves of oil are measured than ever. (para. 1112) Experts were predicting that oil prices would fall mainly because of technology. Part III (para.13 to para.16)The falling down of oil prices has good effect on the world economy. (para. 13)It was said that a downside price was very possible to happen. (para. 1415)Under lower oil price, the companies profit and the world economy is accelerated. (para. 16) Companies play different roles in economic world. Should we worry about the oil price?What is the main reason for oil price to fall?Is Rainwaters high-price theory right?What influences oil industry profits most?How will lower oil price influence the world economy? Suggested SummaryThe article aims at establishing the idea that oil price will not rise even as demand soars. To begin with, the author shows the increasing consumption of oil around the world and the impact of technology on oil industry. By giving several examples, he draws the conclusion that the need for cash and dependence on technology leads to the fact that oil prices will even fall. Furthermore, technological updating, slashing the costs of finding, producing, and refining oil, is also a reason to support the authors point. There is evidence that technology lets the world companies maintain healthy earnings at lower oil prices. In conclusion, cheap oil accelerates the world economy, and a downside price scenario is increasingly likely.U7Part I (para.1 to para.4)This part serves as an introduction of the topic. Using the game of musical chairs as an example, the author wants to show that competition exists not only in our work but also in our recreation which he believes does not necessarily require competition.Part II (para.5 to para.9)Taking the case of Terry Orlick and others who have devised or collected many non-competitive games, the author shows the significance of turning an opponent into a partner, the differences between teamwork and team competition and that non-competitive sports can also provide satisfaction and challenge.Part III (para.10 to para.13)The reasons why a large number of people insist that we cant do without win / lose activities.Part IV (para.14 to para.15) The real problem is competition. To solve the problem, we need to be teaching our children how to have a good time or enjoy themselves without competition.What kind of games does the author use to illustrate the points?Whats the significance of changing an opponent into a partner?Whats the difference between teamwork and team competition? What are the possible reasons that a large number of people insist that we cant do without win/lose activities?What is the real problem? Suggested SummaryBy using the game of musical chairs, the author illustrates that competition is destructive not only in our daily work but also in entertainments. It is important and possible to change the form of the game by way of turning an opponent into a partner: Everyone on the field can work together for a common goal (teamwork) instead of competing with each other (team competition). Cooperative games and sports provide satisfaction and challenge without competition. The reason that a large number of people insist that we cant do without win/lose activities are that they dont know any other way and that they overlook the psychological costs of competition and the toxic effect of competition on our relations. Competition is not conducive to trust and it may lead one to look at others through narrowed eyes and even invite outright aggression. We are inclined to blame individuals for all this, but it is the structure of the game itself which causes competition. To solve the problem of competition, we need to be teaching our children how to enjoy themselves without competition.U10Part I (para.1)Genghis Khan was one of the outstanding examples of men to seek sex and power.Part II (para.2 to para.7)The writer makes a biological explanation of mens striving for status, which is developed by citing points from scientists / experts / researchers of various specialities and by the authors own comments. (para. 2)Biologically, status seeking is a design feature of the male psyche.(para. 3)Males have a strong desire for status throughout their life and keep friends of the same sex at arms length. (para. 4)Researches in other fields confirm the biologically endowed one-upmanship by the same ubiquitous pattern in both humans and different species of animals. (para. 5)Evolutionists believe that male status seeking results from the race of reproduction under the rule of natural selection. (para. 6)Women still favor males with high rank / status. (para. 7)Males with low status suffer a great deal psychologically and physically.Part III (para.8 to para.9)Despite the persistent one-upmanship, both biologists and psychologists point out that the world with social stratifications could be peaceful, just and happy. (para. 8)People have different choices for uneven distribution of resources and alternative ideas about high rank. (para. 9)To pursue status is mans nature, but the abuse of power may lead to a total loss.Are males persistent status seekers?Whats the biological explanation for males pursuit of dominance?What are the problems for those with low status?How do modern men cope with a stratified society? Suggested SummaryBy citing the example of Genghis Khan, the writer states that males are persistent status seekers. The drive for sex and power is biologically rooted in males nervous system, so that males are more competitive than females at any age and in all societies. But the evolutionists believe that natural selection pushes males to strive for dominance. The writer also points out that powerlessness usually leads to both psychological and physical problems for men as well as male animals. However, men are not so much anguished over the hierarchies. They tend to settle down to a certain stratified society and look for other satisfactions. The writer finally warns that power cannot be abused and dominance must be balanced by consent.U13Part I (para.1 to para.3)Introduction: Misplacing bank funds may plunge a family into debts. However, being in debt is no longer a scandal or puts one into prison, but is a very cool thing. Therefore, credit cards are popular, which makes America home to the highly leveraged citizen. Part II (para.4 to para.19)Body: Why being in debt is so popular?A. (para. 46) Consumers pursue the annual rite of the holiday spending binge.B. (para. 79) People dont have to worry about debt because banks are now relentless marketers of debt so that even bankruptcy doesnt stop the solicitations from lenders.C. (para. 10) Debt anesthetizes the purchasing process and makes people into debt for small things like a bottle of champagne or a new wardrobe, which is not smart .D. (para.1119) Debt is no longer the stigma it was for the generation that came of age during the Great Depression. Things have been changing ever since the 1950s and Americans were primed to take a new look at debtall they needed were credit cards and a nudge from those burgeoning inflation rates. Part III (para.20 to para.22)Conclusion and solution to the problems of credit cards. A. The consumer debt spigot has been wide open and some borrowers are beginning to tread water , despite the robust economy. B. Maybe a sharp downturn in economy is needed to make people think it wise to lighten their debt loans and rid themselves of personal debt. What facts about credit card debt are mentioned in the text?What are the reasons for the popularity of credit card debt?What problems of credit card debt are mentioned in the text?What does the author suggest doing to solve the problems of credit cards? Suggested SummaryBy citing the film Its a Wonderful Life, the writer introduces the topic and the thesis statement: misplacing bank funds may plunge a family into debt. However, being in debt is no longer a scandal or puts one into prison, but is a very cool thing. Then the author explains the reasons for the popularity of credit card debt: Consumers are involved in the annual rite of the holiday spending binge; People dont have to worry about debt because banks are now relentlessly encouraging the use of credit cards so that even bankruptcy doesnt stop the borrowing of money from banks; Debt makes people unconscious of the purchasing process and makes them into debt for small things like a bottle of champagne or a new wardrobe; Americans are ready to take a new look at debt: debt is no longer something to be ashamed of as it was for the generation that came of age during the Great Depression. Lastly the author points out that several credit card companies have taken a financial beating because of the sharply rising charge-offs for bad credit card debt. The solution to the problem is to make consumers think it wise to lighten their debt loads and try to rid themselves of personal debt.U11. What is the main subject introduced in paragraph one?It is the description of the effect of saying farewell to his parents, friends and folks on the author.2. How is the story organized? The story is chronologically organized (following the time sequence in which the event unfolded itself).3. How did Weckerly feel before the day of his departure?He felt eager and excited to wait for the day to come.4. How did his mood change when the day had really come?At the very beginning he became sentimental about saying good-bye to many people around him. Facing the reality of becoming independent, he began to feel afraid and uncertain .5. What do you think about the ending of the story?It is very impressive. Weckerly ends the story with a metaphor which catches the essence of the particular moment accurately. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge, which leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. The last sentence He closes his eyes, takes a deep breath, and jumps symbolizes the fact that from that day on the author jumps into the future of being independent no matter how long and complicated the road to it is.1.Only twenty-seven new members had been _ since the Leeds Congress, and the total membership still stood at less than one hundred. (B)A. ceded B. enrolled C. faded D. departed2.You could go for advertising _, the catchy floor displays or the flashy packaging. (C)A. design B. description C. hype D. propaganda3.The desk was _ with files, but the chair behind it was vacant. (A)A. cluttered B. depicted C. defined D. represented4._ is a meal typically eaten late in the morning as a combination of a late breakfast and an early lunch. (B)A. Dinner B. Brunch C. Banquet D. Feast5.The improvement of the highway will _ pressure on the trains to some extent. (B)A. ensure B. relieve C. protect D. guarantee6.Johns hands were _ as he put down his papers and started his speech at the first time. (A)A. quivering B. waving C. shaking D. lifting 7.His mood was an explosive mixture of _ self-pity and forced gaiety, the latter predominating as he got drunk. (A)A. maudlin B. nasty C. painful D. outright8.Because of the economic slowdown, the government changed its policy to _ revenue by limiting commerce. (C)A. disregard B. challenge C. diminish D. reject9.In womens magazines and educational material the apple _ good food and health. (B)A. anticipates B. conjures C. designates D. presupposes10.It is the opinion of a(n) _ tourist that no price would be too great to pay, the novelist declared. (D)A. affectionate B. sensitive C. appropriate D. sentimental1.According to the opinion poll, the Socialists were predominant in the last parliament. (D)A. frequent B. premature C. subordinate D. dominant2.He exerted himself, during his sojourn among this simple and well-disposed people, to inculcate, as far as he was able, the gentle and humanizing precepts of the Christian faith. (B)A. instruct B. infuse C. persuade D. install3.A domestic unit consists of the members of a household who live together along with non-relatives such as servants. (A)A. family B. appliance C. fosterage D. house4.It was clear that a man after seventeen years of wedlock did not leave his wife without certain occurrences which must have led her to suspect that all was not well with their married life. (B)A. divorce B. marriage C. endogamy D. legitimation5.Several common reasons that lead couples to decide to cohabit: wanting to test compatibility or establish financial security before marrying. (A)A. live together B. inhabit with C. split up D. separate with6.The studies show that most delinquent boys have a non-conventional orientated self-concept, while other boys who are not involved in the peer group, have a school orientated self-concept. (C)A. responsible B. hospitable C. offensive D. obedient7.They are a fierce and intractable people, though capable of forming most devoted friendships when their confidence has once been gained. (C)A. bravery B. stubborn C. unmanageable D. manipulable8.Your religion, says he, serves you only for an excuse for your faults, but is no incentive to your virtue. (B)A. scheme B. inducement C. strategy D. indulgence9.The real estate investors have tempered to meet the investors needs. (A)A. adjusted B. decreased C. united D. overcharged10.To penalize a yacht in proportion to the fineness of her performance is unfair to the craft and to her men. (D)A. sue B. impose C. arrest D. punishU21. Why wont oil prices rise at all over the long time? Firstly, because producers need the cash from oil too much to let their supply be interrupted for long. Secondly, and more important, because demand growth