专题9 定语从句.doc

专题9 定语从句定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。主要考点有：关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句；关系副词where引导的定语从句(近三年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间概念的名词的情况)；“介词关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句；as引导的非限制性定语从句。一. that/which引导的定语从句that，which代表物，区别且听我来述；先行若是不定代，that就把which踹；先行词前有两数，就用that定无误；先行词前最高级，还用that必无疑；句中若有there be，that应把which替；二.whose引导的定语从句1whose引导的定语从句whose在定语从句中作定语，后面要接名词，其含义是“(先行词)的”。whose既可以指人也可以指物。(1)表示物时相当于“the名词ofwhich”或“ofwhichthe名词”。(2)表示人时相当于“the名词ofwhom”或“ofwhomthe名词”。2whose引导的定语从句与并列句的区别whose引导的定语从句易与含有物主代词its，their的并列句混淆。如：China has the 3rd longest river in the world，whose name is the Yangze River.(定语从句)China has the 3rd longest river in the world，and its name is the Yangze River.(并列句)三where不是地点胜似“地点”“模糊化的地点”要用关系副词where高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的“地点”转为“模糊化的地点”。事实上，对于where这个词不能只理解为表地点。当先行词是表示某物的situation/case，到了何种地步(point)，或某事物所发展的阶段stage，或表达某事的某个方面(scene)时，都可用where。They have reached the_point_where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers where consumer complains have resulted in changes in the law.(wherein the cases)消费者的抱怨导致法律的改变的案例将在本章稍后向读者介绍。这些不是地点胜似“地点”的名词的归属问题即当不当“地点”看是解答这类定语从句的关键。四as引导的定语从句as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式(1)such名词as.像一样的，像之类的the same名词as.和同样的其中关系代词as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。如：We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as作主语)These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.这些房子以人们预料的那样的低价出售。(as作宾语)He is not the same man as he was.他和过去不同了。(as作表语)注意：such.as.引导的定语从句与such.that.引导的状语从句的区别：He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.(定语从句)他是一个人人都喜爱的聪明孩子。He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.(状语从句)他是一个如此聪明的孩子，以至于人人都喜欢他。第一个句子中as引导的是定语从句，因为从句中缺成分；而第二个句子中that引导的是状语从句，从句中不缺任何成分。(2).such as.such为代词，意为“这样的人或物”，as在从句中作成分，修饰先行词such。如：This book is not such as I expect.这不是我想要的书。(as作宾语)五介词+关系代词如何选择“介词关系代词”中的介词在“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选择是关键，也是考生深感头痛之处。介词的选择可依据以下原则：(1)根据该介词和先行词的固定搭配来确定。I admire my English teacher very much from whom I learn a lot.(learn from sb为固定搭配)(2)根据定语从句中的动词习惯搭配来确定。There are some people to whom you can turn.(turn to sb为固定搭配)(3)根据从句中的形容词搭配来确定。He introduced me some reference books with which I am not very familiar.(be familiar with为固定搭配)(4)表示“所属关系”或“整体中的部分”时用介词of。She has seen many films，of which Kung Fu Panda is her favorite.I.单句语法填空1We have launched another manmade satellite, _ is announced in todays newspaper. 答案：which句意：我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这件事在今天的报纸上被公布了。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代“发射人造卫星”这件事，在定语从句中作主语。2Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _ made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.答案：which句意：2012年莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖，这使得中国人民多年以来的一个梦想实现了。本题考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整句话的内容，关系代词which在从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。3The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, _ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.答案：which句意：世界银行行长说，他热爱中国，这种热爱他记得早在童年时就开始了。通过分析句子结构可知，The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China 为主句，通过还原法可知定语从句是he remembers his passion for China starting as early as his childhood，从句中his passion for China starting为动名词复合结构。his passion用which替代。4There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science.答案：as句意：没有简单的答案，在科学上情况通常是这样。因句中有逗号，其后面的句子中无连词引导，可判断是定语从句。本句的先行词是空格前的整个句子，有此用法的是as。as在句中意为“正如，正像”。“as is often the case”常被看作是一个固定搭配，意为“情况通常是这样”，符合句意。5. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.答案：where句意：现在人们更加关注他们生活的环境。分析句子结构可知，题中缺少定语从句的引导词，并且引导词要在从句中作地点状语，所以用where。6Williams shows some challenging means _ diners at their mystery lunch on Sunday might eat the special dish.答案：by which句意：威廉姆斯展示了一些富有挑战性的方法，在星期日的神秘午餐上用餐者或许会用这些方法吃那道特殊的菜。与means搭配的介词是by。7(2014浙江名校新高考研究联盟联考)My grandmother lived in a generation _ women were looked down upon.答案：when句意：我的祖母生活在一个妇女被看不起的时代。此处用when引导定语从句，修饰先行词generation, when在从句中作时间状语。8(2014北京东城区高三检测)Most of my friends shop at the stores _ the goods are very cheap.答案：where根据句子结构判断，空处引导定语从句，先行词为the stores，且空处在从句中作状语，表示地点，所以要用where。9(2014福建福州高三质量检测)Whether you like it or not, we live in a community _ online chatting is an important part of communication.答案：where句意：不管你是否喜欢，在我们生活的这个社会，网上聊天是人际交流的一个重要部分。空处为关系词引导定语从句，修饰先行词a community，关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此用关系副词where。10(2014陕西高三质量检测)The living standard of the people in China, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past decades.答案：as句意：正如报告所显示的，中国人民的生活水平在过去的几十年里得到了改善。这里用as引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词as指代主句的内容并在从句中作主语。11.I wish to thank Professor Smith，without _ help I would never have got this far.答案whose 12. The old temple _ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.答案whose13.Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.答案where14. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，_ it will keep for two or three weeks.答案where15The number of the audience，_ we had expected，was well over one thousand.答案as16.The man showed us such a heavy stone _ no one could lift it.答案that 17. Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered.答案in which18. Julie was good at German，French and Russian， all