定语从句知识点深入解析.doc

定语从句知识点深入解析（后附习题和答案）同学们，定语从句是高中阶段的难点，大家要记住下面的语法规则，并且需要通过以后的练习来逐渐透彻掌握。学习中肯定会遇到一些困难，不好弄懂的知识点一定要结合例句细心多看几遍。1定语从句基本概念在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。2定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose），as 等。关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。3定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。1.限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。例如：Any man that / who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。2.非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。例如：The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.注意：非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词 that。4关系代词的用法1.thatthat既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）2.whichwhich 用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3.who， whomwho， whom 用于指人，who 用作主语和表语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（who 作主语）Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（whom 作宾语）4.as引导限定性定语从句时，指与先行词相似的人或物，必须用于 such/so.as.或 the same.as.结构中，例如：Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.被他提到的这样的人是诚实的。Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.上学期我们数学老师出了一道我们没有一个人会的数学题。This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这是和我昨天买的包一样的包。引导非限定性定语从句时，只能修饰句子，可置于被修饰句子后面、前面或主谓之间,翻译成“正如.那样”例如：The earth moves around the sun, as we all know.As we all know,The earth moves around the sun. The earth, as we all know, moves around the sun在非限制性定语从句中，which和as引导定语从句时的区别：a. which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可以放在主谓之间。b.as和which都可以指代一个句子，但as有“正如”、“就像”之意，which则没有此含义。c.as 引导的非限定定语从句只能修饰句子，which 引导的非限定性定语从句可以修饰句子，也可以修饰名词。注意：1.当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，whom, that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。2.含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。3.关系词只能用that的情况：先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。注意： 当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。例如：Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.王华是我们学校唯一将会出席这个会议的人。 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。4.关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：Whats that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？关系代词前有介词时，用which，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：Tom came back， which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。5关系副词的用法1.when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。(when=at which)2.where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：This is the place where he works.这是他工作的地点。(where=at /in which)3.why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。(why=for which)【小试身手】1.Do you know the man _is talking with your father？Yes， hes our headmaster.A. heB. whoC. whichD. whom2. Is this the river _I can swim？A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？A. that you boughtB. you bought itC. that you bought itD. which you bought it5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agreesB. who agreeC. who agreesD. which agree6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A. thatB. itC. whichD.who7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gateA. whosB. whoseC. that of which.D. whom8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A. which； isB. whom；