MBA,MPA,MPACC联考英语词汇冠词.doc

MBA,MPA,MPACC联考英语词汇冠词【mba加油站】一、冠词的定义和分类冠词是置于名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或事物的词。冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。不定冠词有a 和an 两种形式，其中a 用在以辅音音素开头的词前面观an 用在以元音音素开头的词前面，不定冠词主要表示类指和数量的意义;定冠词只有一种形式the ，在辅音音素前读/e?/，在元音音素前读/ei/ ， 主要表示特指和类指的意义。很多时候名词前不使用冠词，我们把这种现象称为零冠词。 二、不定冠词不定冠词只用于单数可数名词前，主要表示类指、数量等意义。1. 不定冠词的类指用法(1)不定冠词可用于单数可数名词前，表示A child needs love.A square has 岛旧sides.(2)不定冠词可用于作表语的单数可数名词前，说明某人的身份、职业或某物的类别。He is an American. (=He is American.)Her wish is to become a teacher.It is a pen, not a ballpoint pen.2. 不定冠词表示数量的用法(1)不定冠词可用于第一次提到的人或物的单数可数名词前。There is a man waiting 岛r you outside. The man looks worried.1 looked up and saw a plane. The plane flew low over the trees.(2) 不定冠词表示一这个数量，与one 同义，但不像one 那样强调数字。He needs an assistant.Rome was not built in a day.(3)不定冠词用于表示价格、速度、时间、比率的名词前，表示每一，相当于each 或per。She goes shopping twice a week.The car trave1s at one hundred mi1es an hour.(4) 不定冠词可用于一些名词前，表示同一，相同的意思。My coat and his are of a size.The two girls are of an age.They are birds of a feather. 3. 不定冠词的其他用法(1)不定冠词可用于表姓氏的专有名词前，表明说话者不认识此人；不定冠词用于表示日期、地点的专有名词前，含有特定的意思。A Mr. White came to see you yesterday.There is a Mrs. Smith on the phone for you.1 cant remember a Christmas when it snowed so much.(2) 不定冠词可用于表姓名的专有名词前，代表其艺术作品或与其性格、身份相似的人。He had a Van Gogh in the room.The fellow is a Shylock.He is an Einstein of today.(3)不定冠词可用于一些通常成对出现的名词前，这些名词往往被看作一个整体。Have you got a needle and thread here?There is a horse and cart by the roadside.I need a knife and fork to use for my brekfast.(4) 不定冠词可用于一些表示疾病的名词前，与have 构成短语，表示得.病。have a cold have a headache have a tothachehave/run a fever have a stomachache have a backachehave a temperature have an earache have a sore throat注意】have flu (患流感)(5) 不定冠词可用于一些表示动作意味的名词前，与have， take 等构成短语。have a look (n.)=look(v.) have a talk(n.)=talk (v.)have a swim(n.)=swim(v.) have a rest/break(n.)=rest/break(v.)have a try(n.)=try(v.) pay a visit(n.)=visit(v.)(6) 不定冠词可用于序数词前，表示又一，再一的意思。Shall I ask a third time?When I sat down, a fourth man rose to speak.(7)不定冠词可用于一些习惯用语中。as a matter of fact at a loss in a senseal1 of a sudden at a discount in a hurryas a rule for a while in a wordhave a word with keep an eye on take a chancehave a say in make a living make a fuss overhave a try take an interest in lend a hand 2. 定冠词的类指用法(1)定冠词用于单数可数名词前，表示“一类人或物”。The whale is in danger ofbecoming extinct.The rose smel1s sweet.The telephone was invented by Alexander G Bell.【注意】不定冠词和定冠词都可以表示类属，但不定冠词强调的是个别，相当于every; 定冠词强调的是类别，相当于all。A horse is a useful animal. (=Every horse is a useful animal.)The horse is a useful animal. (=All horses are useful animals.)(2) 定冠词用于某些形容词或分词前，表示一类人或情况。The rich get richer and the poor get poorer.She attended to the wounded day and night.Youre asking me to do the impossible.We love the true, the good and the beautiful.(3)定冠词用在表示国籍的形容词前或class， peasant 等名词前，表示整个群体。The French are famous for their cooking.This part of town is where the upper class live.1 have said that intellectuals are part of the working class.She lives and works among the peasant.(4) 定冠词用于表姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家人。The Smiths often go swimming on Sundays.The Greens were too poor to send their son to school. 3. 定冠词的其他用法(1)定冠词用于十进位的数词前，表示世纪中的几十年。The war broke out in the 1980s.In thefifties (50s)， there werent so many people.(2) 定冠词用于表示方位的名词前。Birds come back from the south in spring.Land to the west of Urals is called Europe.【注意】Im thinking of going to the south. (south 用作名词)Im thinking of going south. (south 用作副词)(3)定冠词用于表示身体(服饰)一部分的名词前，与之连用的介词有姐， on, by等。She hit him in theface. (=She hit his face.)He patted the boy on the head. (=He patted the boys head.)He grasped her by the collar. (=He grasped her collar)Her daughter kept pulling her by the hair.(4) 定冠词用于表示度量单位的单数名词前，意为每一。The cloth is sold by the meter.Eggs are sold by the dozen in U.S.A., by the catty here.(5) 定冠词用于表示乐器名称的名词前。She is leaming to play the violin.He plays the guitar very well.(6) 定冠词用于表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛、某些国名、组织机构、报纸、书籍、会议、条约、信仰等的名词前。the Atlantic the Philippines the CPCthe Thames the Sahara the WTOthe Yellow River the Taiwan Strait the Daily Telegraphthe Grand Canal the Persian Gulf the Paradise Lostthe Alps the U.S.A the Treaty of Versail1es(7) 定冠词用于一些习惯用语中。at the same time on the spot to tell the truthin the end on the other hand put the cart before the horseby the way for the time being keep the peaceon the air all the year round burn the midnight oilin the distance on the whole break the ice四、零冠词零冠词只用于不可数名词、复数可数名词前，主要表示类指、特指等意义。1. 零冠词的类指用法(1)零冠词用于复数名词、抽象名词、物质名词前，表示一类人或物。Women are fighting for their rights.Horses are useful animals.Electricity is a form of energy.Life is short; art is long.(2) 零冠词用于单数可数名词woroan， man 前，表示人类或男女。Woman is frail.Man is mortal.Man thinks in words.2. 零冠词的特指用法(1)零冠词用于专有名词前，表示特指。Mr. Smith is an English teacher.Mary， is my mothers name.China is a large country.(2) 零冠词用于作表语或宾补的表示职位的名词前，表示部门内独一无二的职务。He was President of the Republic at that time.He is dean of the department.We elected him monitor of ourclass.(3)零冠词用于表示家庭成员或雇员的单数名词(该名词首字母应大写)前，表示特指。Where has Father gone?Teacher was pleased with our work.3. 零冠词的其他用法(1)零冠词用于表示日期、月份、季节、节假日、日(夜)时段、一日三餐的名词前。Monday， the second day of the week, means literally day of the moon.March is my favorite month.If winter comes, can spring be far behind?Christmas is the time for family reunion.He came at midday.Lunch is ready.(2) 零冠词用于表示运动、游戏、语言和学科的名词前。They are playing football.Shall we play chess?English is widely spoken in the world.He majors in history.(3) 零冠词用于与by 连用的表示通讯方式或交通工具的名词前。by post/letter/telegram by land/bus/trainlcar/taxiby water/sea/boat、ship by air/(aero)plane【注意】on foot (步行)， on horseback (骑马)(4) 零冠词用于由