定语从句精讲.doc

定语从句-精讲精练一、定语从句考点：（五大考点，每年必考）（1）考点1：定语从句的本质（2）考点2：用关系代词还是关系副词（3）考点3：关系代词和关系副词的特殊情况（4）考点4：在“介词+which/whom”的结构中，介词的选择（5）考点5：非限制性定语从句二、-高考英语语法精讲（1）考点1：定语从句的本质：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句或形容词从句；整个从句修饰这一名词 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词a. God helps those(先行词) who help themselves（定语从句）.b. I like the girl（先行词） who speaks English very well.c. You must do everything(先行词)that I do .（定语从句）关系代词和关系副词的作用：连接作用（连接主句和从句）；替代作用（替代先行词）；成分作用（必须在定语从句中充当成分）（2）考点2：用关系代词还是关系副词 定语从句解题技巧：（三步）I找出连接词II找出主句-分析主句成分-确定从句类型III立即将先行词直接带入从句-分析从句成分-分析先行词在从句中的成分关系代词和关系副词 关系词先行词充当成分关系代词who人主、宾、表whom人宾which物主、宾、表that人和物主、宾、表as物主、宾关系形容词Whose=of whom/ofwhich人和物的定语关系副词When=at/in/on/duringwhich时间时间状语Where=at/in/towhich地点地点状语Why=for which原因原因状语注意：1.关系词所做的成分关键是由从句中的动词来决定This is the place where we work.(vi)This is the place which we visited.(vt)2.当先行词为时间名词（如time, day, year, week, month, occasion） 用关系副词when,但关系副词只能做状语，如果从句中缺主语或宾语则要用that。当先行词为地点名词（如：place ,room, city, country, situation, case, scene）时，用关系副词where, 但此时只能做地点状语，如果定语从句缺主语或宾语就要用that 。（07安徽卷：）-Do you have anything to say for yourselves? -Yes, this is the only one point _we must insist on. A. which B. that C. where D. when 答案:A（07全国卷）Some pre-school children go to a day care center;_ they learn simple games and songs. A. then B. there C. while D. where 答案:D(07天津卷)Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing.A. when B. whose C. which D. where答案:D(05广东卷) Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. A. in which B. by which C. which D. that 答案:A(05江苏卷)The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. A. which; where B. at which; which C.at which; where D.which; in which 答案:C（3）考点3：关系代词和关系副词的特殊情况1指物时只用 that，不用which 的情况： （代高序修饰时）1) 当先行词为 all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时。All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的已经做了。There must be something that happened to you.你一定出了什么事。2)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级或the last, the only ,the very,等修饰。That is the only way that leads to your success.那是通向你成功的唯一之路We have to consider the first thing that starts our work. 我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before.这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。3).在疑问词 who, what, which 开头的句子中。（避免歧义） Who is the girl that is talking with Mr.Brown.4).定语从句为there be句型，也可以省略。 This is the fastest train (that) there is to Beijing .5). 当先行词既指人又指物时。 We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited.6).当关系代词在定语从句中做表语。China is not the country(that)it was.Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be. 2. 只能用 which 不能用 that 的情况。 1). 引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。 Bruce went towards the fire, which was still smoking. Tom came back late, which made his parents very angry.2).在介词后面:介词+which (先行词是物)The world in which we live is made of matter.注意:若介词在从句中而没有直接在关系词后,可以用which 或that.例如:The world that we live in is made of matter.3.指人时只能用who不用that 的情况.1)先行词为one,ones或anyone.(避免歧义)2)先行词为those.(避免歧义) God helps those who help themselves.(天助自主者)3)主句是there be . Eg:There is a man who called himself Mr.Wu at the gate.4)在非限制性定语从句中注意:4. “the same as”. Such/soas”中的as 可以指人或物,作从句的主语、宾语、表语或介词的宾语。 如：Such money as he earned was spent on spirits and tobacco.Is this the same mosquito as bit you just now?He was not half such a coward as we took him for.相关考点：1So/suchthat (状语从句)She is so beautiful a girl that I love her so much.(状语从句)She is so beautiful a girl as I love so much .（定语从句）2.as的考点总结：as可以作为关系代词引导限定性定语从句、非限制性定语从句。例如：限定性定语从句（常用于such/soas 和the same 。as等句式中 ）Such points as youve mentioned are really important in solving the problem.你提到的这些方面在解决这个问题上的确很重要。People such as you describe are rarely seen nowadays.你描述的这种人现在很少见了。This computer has the same functions as that one has.这台计算机有着和那台计算机一样的功能。非限制性定语从句（as可以作为关系代词引导非限制性定语从句时，as指代整个主句：也就是说，将整个主句看成一件事或是一个事实；并对其进行补充说明。这种非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。）As I know, she hasnt got married.如我所知，她还未结婚。They won the first place in the game, as could be expected.可以预料，他们在比赛中得了第一。Professor Li is extremely popular among students, as is known to all of us .如我们大家所知，李教授极受学生们的欢迎。5.当其先行词是reason时，关系副词用why(=for which )或that 引导表示原因的定语从句。(相关考点：名词从句）当主句主语是reason时，作主句表语的成分不能有because 或because of 。其结构一般为the reason whyis that, the reason that is that ,He did not tell us the reason why he was late again.The reason why (that) he didnt come is that he was ill.Didnt tell her the reason why he was so happy.他没有告诉她为什么他那么高兴的原因The reason why she was late is not so acceptable.她迟到的原因不那么令人接受。They explained the reason to us why they had misunderstood us before.他们向我们解释为什么他们以前误解了我们的原因。6当way表示方式作先行词时，其关系副词不能用how,而要用that 或in which在非正式英语中可以不用连接词。The way that he considered the problem was too unacceptable.I dont like the way you talked to your mother.（4）考点4：在“介词+which/whom”的结构中，介词的选择方法1.看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配1.He is the man _on_ whom I think you can depend.2.He referred me to some reference books _with_ which I am not very familiar.方法2.看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词的搭配1.He made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what was going on outside the house.2. The librarian with whom I just shook hands works heart and soul.3. The comments on their product, of which this is one example, are very sharp.方法3.先行词与介词的习惯搭配当先行词表示“领域、方面”时，如：aspect, respect, area, field 等，用in which； 当先行词表示“价格、利率、速度”时，如rate,price,speed等,用at which当先行词表示“程度”时，如degree, extent等，用to which.当先行词表示“根据、依据、基础”时，如grounds,foundation,basis等，用on which.1.(06湖南卷)We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us. _ we gave some bells and glasses.A. to which B. to whom C.with whom D. with which.答案：B2（06重庆卷）I saw a woman running towards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _ she had come.A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which 答案：D3.(07重庆卷)Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose.A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which 答案：B方法4.名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom (整体中的部分或定语从句为最高级)链接高考:（05湖南卷）I have many friends, _ some are businessmen.A. of them B.from which C. who of D. of whom答案:D(04辽宁卷)The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%_ are sold abroad.A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that答案: A(07北京卷)We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people, most of _ are healthy.A. that B. which C. what D. whom答案:D（04广西卷）The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226days.A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which答案:A(07安徽卷)Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it.A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom答案:D考点5：非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，一般用引导词which/as/who,非限制性定语从句既可以修饰主句的部分内容，也可修饰主句的全部内容。As引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，但which或who引导的非限制性定语从句不能放在主句句首。As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the earth.The large area is covered with thick snow, which affects people life greatly.His speech, which bored us to death, was over at last.Her sister, who lived in another city, was coming to visit her.关于非限制性定语从句，应该注意：1.关于非限制性定语从句和单句的比较I am reading Harry Porter, which is an interesting book.He failed in the exam. That made his parents angry.Vs. He failed in the exam, which made his parents angry.He has two sons. Both of them are teachers.Vs. He has two sons, both of whom are teachers.2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句与it。The earth is round. It is known to all. 比较：The earth is round, which is known to all.As is known to all, the earth is round.比较： It is known to all that the earth is round.As具有“正如”之意，搭配的动词一般是固定的，如as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected/as is reported.3.as引导的限制性定语从句与其他从句的比较。(状语从句)This is such an interesting book that we all like it.（定语从句）This is such an interesting book as we all likesuch +名词+as+从句the same +名词+as+从句（as在从句中作主语、宾语或者表语）（07上海卷）His movie won several awards at the film festival,_ was beyond his wildest dream.A. which B. that C. where D. it答案:A（06天津卷）The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.A. what B. that C. how D. as 答案:D（05浙江卷）Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.A.which B. that C. this D.it答案:D（04江苏卷）_ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.A.Which B. When C. What D.As 答案:D（04北京卷）_ is reported in the newspapers,talks between the two countries are making progress.A.It B. As C.That D.What非限制性定语从句的五个“不能”（1）关系词不能用that (2)关系词不能用 why，只能用 for which （3）有且只有as能放整个句首，which不能 (4) “介词+关系代词 其中的关系代词不能用as. 介词+which/whom （5）指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格whom;不能用who替换，也不能省略考点6：如何用好whose引导的定语从句Whose引导的定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。（05天津卷）Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from _ effects the people are still suffering.A. that B. whose C. those D. what答案：B(06福建卷)Look out! Dont get too close to the house _roof is under repair.A. whose B. which C. of which D. that答案：A历年高考考点真题：1.-Mom, what did your doctor say? -He advised me to live _the air is fresher. 2006年 (四川卷) A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where 【解析】从句属五大句型(3), 先行词在句中无法找到, 故该句型不属定语从句,应为地点状语从句。本题考察了定语从句与地点状语从句的区别。【D】2. I saw a woman running towards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _ she had come. 2006年（重庆卷）A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which 【解析】从句属五大句型(1), 按题意先行词the direction用在come (from) 后构成(from) the direction在句中作方式状语, 在结构图中，按线路进行进行，应填from which。【D】3. Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, this was a memory she especially treasured. 2006年（广东卷） A. as B. if C. when D. where【解析】从句属五大句型(3)，先行词是指整个主句的内容, 但是它在从句中不充当任何成分，故该句型不属定语从句,应为原因状语从句。本题考察了定语从句与原因状语从句的区别。【A】4. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. 2006年（北京卷） A. who; 不填B. 不填; whoC. who; who D. 不填; 不填【解析】从句属五大句型(2), 先行词Women在句中作主语, 在结构图中，按线路进行，应选【C】5. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us _we gave some bells and glasses. 2006年（湖南卷）A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which 【解析】从句属五大句型(4), 按题意先行词them在句中作give sth to sb结构作介词的宾语, 在结构图中，按线路进行，应选【B】。 6. She was educated at Beijing University, _ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. 2006（陕西卷）A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that 【解析】从句属五大句型(2)，按题意先行词是指整个主句的内容,在句中又构成了(after) sth作介词的宾语,在结构图中，按线路进行，应选【A】。 7. The Beatles, many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. 2006年（天津卷）A. what B. that C. how D. as【解析】从句属五大句型(3), 按题意先行词是指整个主句的内容,在句中作remember的宾语, 在结构图中，按线路进行，应选【D】。8. I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. 2006年（浙江卷） A. of thatB. of whichC. thatD. which【解析】从句属五大句型(2), 按题意先行词three books在句中与the first (of)一起作enjoyed的宾语,在结构图中，按线路进行，应选【B】。9. My most famous relative of all, _ who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great-grandfather. 2006年（江苏卷） A. oneB. the oneC. heD. someone【解析】从句属五大句型(5), 按题关系代词为who已给出,在句中作主语。 本题是考察根据从句找出先行词。根据题意关系代词指人，常用the one代替，故选【B】 1