江苏省南通泰州七市2018-2019学年高三上学期第一次调研考试英语试卷(解析版).doc

此卷只装订不密封班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 2019届江苏省南通泰州七市高三上学期第一次调研考试英 语注意事项：1答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第I卷（选择题）一、单项选择1Thanks to the efforts in environmental protection, the wetland has been _ to its original appearance.Arestored BdeliveredCtransferred Ddrafted2The village evolved into a major e-commerce center, and _ the past, the villagers owed their success to the reform and opening-up policy.Areviewed BreviewingCto review Dbeing reviewed3Ted has never been so rude!He _something he shouldnt have, but I guess he didnt mean that.Ahas said Bhad saidCsaid Dwas saying4Jacks fellow workers often turn to him for help when trapped in trouble because he is a _of ideas.Afountain BsessionCdiagram Dresource5The press should expand its influence in international public opinion to make Chinas voice better _in the world.Ahearing Bto be heardChear Dheard6Taking targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty, _has been predicted, is fruitful.Awhat BwhichCas Dthat7Since the match is over, we can _by travelling and stop thinking about basketball.Adive in Bswitch offCpull out Dsplit up8To make a breakthrough in his scientific research, the scientist has been making a(n) _amount of effort.Amodest BmiserableCoptional Dtremendous9Kevin, time for the next destination!No hurry! Another 15 minutes and we _ all the exhibition rooms of the museum.Aam exploring Bhave exploredCwill explore Dwill have explored10If it had not been for the heroes contributions and sacrifices, we _such a happy life.Awouldnt have led Bwouldnt be leadingChavent led Dare not leading11The bus dropped me off and pulled away _I realized I had left my bag on it.Awhile BbeforeCafter Dsince12If we surround ourselves with people _our major purpose, we can get their support and encouragement.Ain sympathy with Bin terms ofCin honour of Din contrast with13It was announced that only after the candidates papers were collected _to leave the room.Ahad they been permitted Bwould they be permittedCthat they would be permitted Dthat they had been permitted14-What difference will it make _we shall go to the concert on Tuesday or Saturday?They offer a discount on weekdays.Athat BwhenCif Dwhy15What a mess! Youre always throwing things about.Dont be _, Mum. I will tidy it up now.Ahot under the collar Bon cloud nineCoff the top of your head Ddown in the dumps二、完形填空When I was 13 years old, I stopped speaking. Im still not exactly sure 16 一 I think I felt that words got me into trouble. The boys in my class were always 17 me, telling me to shut up. One day, I 18 into uncontrollable sobs behind the sports hall.So throughout my 19 , I clammed up一dealing with the wider world only in whispers and shrugs. Myisolation(孤立）led to indescribable 20 that nothing could relieve. I couldnt 21 or socialise. Then, at 15, a psychologist saw 22 in meShe said I was in intelligent but 23 , and needed to change schools for a fresh start.My parents sent me to a different comprehensive. I knew no one and I had the chance to 24 myself. Cheered by the psychologists 25 in me, I worked hard and became a swot(刻苦学习的人).As a result, my parents were 26 . Finally at 20, I was referred to a psychiatrist and he diagnosed me with a mild form of autism(自闭症).It was such a(n) 27 to know what was happening that I cried on the bus on the way home.It took a further five years to 28 again, a decision that was as much a surprise to me as it was to everyone else. I 29 myself hard, becoming more confident. Gradually, I 30 my speech. I definitely get more than usual pleasure from the use of 31 . Its still such a fresh experience for me 32 different wordsones that can sound so complex, and carry so much 33 .When I think of what I have 34 , I feel like crying, but I dont 35 it up anymore. Instead, I enjoy talking about it.16Awhen Bwhy Chow Dwhere17Aencouraging Bteasing Cignoring Dpraising18Acollapsed Bdivided Clooked Dlaughed19Ateens Bexperiences Ceducation Dlife20Atiredness Bboredom Cloneliness Dguilt21Await Bsing Cmix Dmove22Apotential Bweakness Cjustice Dambition23Aarbitrary Binnocent Cconventional Dinsecure24Aentertain Babandon Ccomfort Dreinvent25Ainterest Bfaith Cinvestment Dpatience26Aproud Bpassive Ccautious Dcurious27Asurprise Bembarrassment Cpity Drelief28Acomplain Bconnect Cstudy Dspeak29Astruck Bdrew N Cpushed Drushed30Aput out Bbuilt up Clooked through Dtook down31Alanguage Bknowledge Cwisdom Dimagination32Adiscovering Bunderlining Ccompiling Dcreating33Aresponsibility Bflexibility Cemotion Ddepression34Aheld on to Blooked forward to Cstayed away from Dmissed out on35Asum Bbottle Cthink Dpolish三、阅读理解Travelling with skiing or snowboarding equipment can be a bit of an effort, particularly if youre swapping between buses, trains and planes. Take a simpler, more direct route to the four Alpine options on the Eurostar at London St. Pancras International or Ashford.La RosireSainte FoyGreat ski conditions arent a one-off here, thanks toThe slopes are quiet, the lift queues non-existent,the resorts high altitude and its mostly south-and snowy forests and breathtaking mountainfacing and therefore sunny-slopes. Its a familyviews dominate(控制）your eyeline. This resort isfriendly resort and kids will enjoy skiing throughnot a place to come if you like to party, but its athe trees and tunnels on adventure trail.great choice for those who want to progress onwide, empty pistes.MotiersTignesIt is a good resort for first-time skiers. Those newIt may not be the prettiest resort in the French Alps,to the sport can book a holiday safe in thebut what it lacks in cuteness, it more than makes upknowledge that theyre not stuck up a snowyfor in convenience, taking the concept of ski-in ski-mountain if the sport isnt for them. The town itselfout to a whole new level. Its high-quality snowhas a Museum of Popular Traditions.conditions are all but guaranteed.Need to knowYou can take one pair of skis or one snowboard on board with you in addition to your standard adultluggage allowance. For safety reasons, skis and snowboards have to be kept in a protective case thatcovers the whole item.Theres a travel class to suit every budget and style. Though the seats are roomy and comfortable, itsworth nothing there are no sleeper bunk beds. With free Wi-Fi for all, you can stay connected all the way.36If one is looking for a peaceful and crowd-free ski resort, he will probably choose_.ALa Rosire BSainte FoyCMotiers DTignes37From the passage, we can know that_.Athe Eurostar offers easy access to popular Alpine ski resorts.Bthere is no restriction on well-protected equipment on board.Ctravelers can have a good sleep on comfortable bunk beds on boardDfree Wi-Fi is provided on board for travellers who upgrade their travel classWhen a driver slams on the brakes to avoid hitting a pedestrian crossing the road illegally, she is making a moral decision that shifts risk from the pedestrian to the people in the car. Self-driving cars might soon have to make such ethical (道德的)judgments on their own but settling on a universal moral code for the vehicles could be a tough task, suggests a survey.The largest ever survey of machine ethics, called the Moral Machine, laid out 13 possible situations in which someones death was unavoidable. Respondents were asked to choose who to spare in situations that involved a mix of variables: young or old, rich or poor, more people or fewer. Within 18 months, the online quiz had recorded 40 million decisions made by people from 233 countries and territories.When the researchers analysed these answers, they found that the nations could be divided into three groups. One contains North America and several European nations where Christianity has been the dominant (占支配地位的)religion; another includes countries such as Japan, Indonesia and Pakistan, with strong Confucian or Islamic traditions. A third group consists of countries in Central and South America, such as Colombia and Brazil. The first group showed a stronger preference for sacrificing older lives to save younger ones than did the second group, for example.The researchers also identified relationships between social and economic factors in a country. They found that people from relatively wealthy countries with strong institutions, such as Finland and Japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic illegally than did respondents in nations with weaker institutions, such as Nigeria or Pakistan.People rarely face such moral dilemmas, and some cities question whether the possible situations posed in the online quiz are relevant to the ethical and practical questions surrounding driverless cars. But the researchers argue that the findings reveal cultural differences that governments and makers of self-driving cars must take into account if they want the vehicles to gain public acceptance.At least Barbara Wege, who heads a group working on autonomous-vehicle ethics at Audi in Ingolstadt, Germany, says such studies are valuable. Wege argues that self-driving cars would cause fewer accidents, proportionally, than human drivers do each yearbut that people might focus more on events involving robots.Surveys such as the Moral Machine can help to begin public discussions about these unavoidable accidents that might develop trust. “We need to come up with a social consensus,” she says, “about which risks we are willing to take.”38Why is it difficult to set universal moral rules for programming self-driving cars?ASocial values always change with the times.BMoral choices vary between different cultures.CDrivers have a preference for sacrificing the weak.DCar makers are faced with decisions of life or death.39The researchers conducted the study by_.Ausing a massive online quiz worldwideBcomparing different cultures and customsCdividing the respondents into three groupsDperforming a series of controlled experiments40According to the study, in which country are drivers more likely to hit a pedestrian crossing the road illegally?ANigeria BColombiaCFinland DIndonesia41Barbara Wege would probably agree that _.ASelf-driving cars will greatly improve the traffic environmentBAccidents caused by self-driving cars might receive more attentionCProblems involving self-driving cars might shake the public trust in societyDCar makers neednt take the risk of solving self-driving car ethical dilemmasStatistics often sounds like a dry subject, but sometimes its necessary to take a statistics course to get the correct answer to this problem. Take the following case for example: a football scout (球探）hears of a player who has powered his team to a good win-loss record. His coaches think hes one of the most talented players theyve seen. But the scout is unimpressed by the one practice game he sees him in; he tells his manager its not worth trying to recruit (录用）the player.Most sports fans would think that was a pretty foolish decision, right? Athletic performance is much too variable to base an important judgment on such a small sample. But consider this problem: an employer gets an application from a junior executive (主管人员）with an excellent college record and strong references from his current employer. The employer interviews the applicant and is unimpressed. The employer tells his colleagues that its not worthwhile recruiting him.Most people regard this as a reasonable sort of decision. But it isnt. Countless studies show that the unstructured 30-minute interview is virtually worthless as a predictor of long-term performance by any criteria that have been examined.In both cases, predictions based on references-school reports, prior performance, letters of recommendation-give a 65-75% chance of choosing the better of the two.Why do we get the athletic problem right and the employment problem wrong? Because in the case of the job, unlike for athletic performance, we havent seen hundreds of candidates in interviews of a particular type and seen how well performance in the interview corresponds to ultimate (最终的）performance in the setting were concerned about. We havent seen that the guy who looks like a fool in the interview turns out to be clever on the job and the guy who does well in the interview turns out to be average. The only way to see that the interview isnt going to be worth much is to be able to apply the “law of large numbers”，which assists the recognition that an interview represents a very small sample of behavior.The bottom line: theres safety in numbers. The more recommendations a person has, the more positive the outcome is likely to be for the employer. Consider the job interview: its not only a tiny sample, its not even a sample of job behavior but of something else entirely. Psychological theory and data show that we are incapable of treating the interview data as little more than unreliable gossip. Its just too compelling (强迫性的）that weve learned a lot from those 30 minutes.My recommendation is not to interview at all unless youre going to develop an interview protocol (体系),with the help of a professional, which is based on careful analysis of what you are looking for in a job candidate. And then ask exactly the same questions of every candidate. Its harder to develop such a protocol than you might guess. But it can really pay off.42The cases in the first two paragraphs are meant to_.Aillustrate the influence of fansBshow the weaknesses of scoutsCattach importance to interviewsDintroduce the topic of the passage43The author believes that _.Athe setting in the job interview is too artificial to be convincingBa successful candidate usually uses tricks to cover his real charactersCa small sample is not enough to make a generalized judgement of a candidateDthe number of candidates hasnt satisfied the requirements for a job interview44What is the best title for the passage?AHow employees are selectedBWhere statistics are availableCWhy job interviews are pointlessDWhen recommendations are neededTens of thousands of young in Britain who are struggling with their mental health are seeking help online for problems such as anxiety, self-harm, and depression.Soaring numbers of under-18s are turning to apps, online counselling and “mood diaries” to help them manage and recover from conditions that have left them feeling low, isolated and, in some cases, suicidal.A generation of young people are attracted by being able to receive fast, personal care and advice using their phone rather than having to wait up to 18 months to be treated by an NHS mental heath professional.The shift comes as ministers prepare themselves for publication on Thursday of the first new figures for 13 years showing how common mental health problems are in the young mainly as a result of the emergence of social media and its use in fuelling feelings of inadequacy.The number of under-18s using Kooth, a free online counselling(咨询的）service, has shot up from 20,000 in 2015 to 65,000 last year, and is forecast to rise further to 100,000 this year.One hundred NHS clinical commissioning groups across England, more than half the total, have now commissioned the service. It helps young people suffering from anxiety, low mood, poor self-worth or confidence, self-harm and loneliness.“Young people like the fact they can talk to a counsellor either instantly, or within 10 minutes, for up to an hour in the evenings. They love that immediacy”，said Aaron Sefi, the research and evaluation director at XenZone, the company behind Kooth.“They also love the anonymity involved, because they can sign up without giving their personal details. Plus, theyre in control, because they are choosing to contact us rather than being told to do so.”In addition, 123,138 people in the UK download. Calm Harm, an NHS-approved app that helps people self-harm less often or not at all, between April 2017 and this month.“Users tell us that Calm Harm helps with suicidal thoughts and intent,” said Dr. Nihara Krause, the consultant clinical psychologist who developed the app. “Currently 92% of our users, who are mainly female and often aged 15-21, say the urge reduced.”Calm Harm is among 18 apps that NHS England has endorsed(支持）to help cope with mental ill-health. They also include Bluelce, which helps young people manage their emotions using a mood diary and automatic routing(自动转接) to emergency help numbers if their urges to self-harm continue.Experts welcomed the trend but warned that online help must complement, not replace, face-to-face appointments with therapists, psychologists and psychiatrists.“Most young people spend much of their time online, and it can feel easier for them to communicate through messaging and online services than face-to-face,” said Tom Madders, c