E 已编辑A4打印阅读英语材料 2016-4-19.docx

牛津博客词汇辨析：all right & alrightIs it acceptable to write alright as one word, rather than two separate ones? For example:将all right 用单个单词alright来代替是不是可以接受的呢？比如：She calls them whenever she is travelling to assure them she is alright.无论她何时出行，她都会给他们打电话使他们确信自己最近不错。事实上，alright是all right 的合并词。Similar merged words such as altogether and already have been accepted in standard English for a very long time, so there is no logical reason to object to the one-word form alright.相似的合并词汇还有altogether和already，这两个词汇在很早以前就已经被纳入新词，因此，从理论上来讲，我们不应该拒绝一个单词构成的alright。Nevertheless, many people dislike it and regard it as incorrect,so its best to avoid using alright in formal writing. Write it as two separate words instead:然而，仍有很多人不喜欢alright这个词甚至认为其是错误的。因此我们在较为正式的写作中最好避免使用alright。将它写作all right这两个单词来代替：如上面的例子可写为：She calls them whenever she is travelling to assure them she is all right冬吃萝卜夏吃姜：姜的9大保健功效What Exactly Is Ginger. And What Are Its Benefits?姜到底是什么它有什么益处？Ginger is arhizomein theZingiberaceaefamily, and its related to turmeric, cardamom, and galangal.姜是姜科中的一种根茎，它与姜黄、小豆蔻、高良姜有亲缘关系。A rhizome is found underground but its actually a stem, not a root!这种根茎长于地下但它实际上是一种茎，不是根！Ginger has been used for centuries to relieve aches, pains, and ailments of all kinds. It can be used as a spice in all kinds of cooking, as well as brewed to make tea.几个世纪以来，姜就被用于缓解疼痛以及各种疾病。也可将其添加在各种饭菜中作为香料，而且姜还可以用于泡茶。Benefit #1: EasesNausea功效一：缓解恶心Ginger has long been used as a treatment for nausea of all kinds, including sea sickness and the nausea that comes after surgeries and other medical treatments.长期以来，姜一直被用于缓解各种恶心，包括晕船以及外科手术和其他医学治疗后随之而来的恶心。Benefit #2: Aids Digestion功效二：助消化Ginger has been shown to speed the stomachs emptying process and make digestion go more smoothly.研究表明，姜可以加速胃部排空，并使消化更顺畅。Benefit #3: Soothes Achy Muscle功效三：舒缓肌肉酸痛Ginger has been shown to be effective in soothing sore muscles, especially from exercise-induced pain.研究表明，姜可以有效地舒缓肌肉酸痛，尤其是运动引起的酸痛。Benefit #4: SoothesOsteoarthritis功效四：缓解骨关节炎Ginger can also reduce inflammation in joints, such as the inflammation that occurs with osteoarthritis.姜也可以减轻关节炎，如伴随骨关节炎出现的炎症。Benefit #5: Lowers Blood Sugar + Boosts Heart Health功效五：降血糖+有益于心脏健康A study showed that powdered ginger, taken daily, reduced the blood sugar levels in people with Type II diabetes by 10 percent.一项研究表明患有II型糖尿病的患者每天服用姜粉，其血糖浓度降低了10%。It also showed a 23 percent decrease in oxidized lipoproteins, a major factor in heart disease.研究也表明每天服用姜粉，氧化脂蛋白降低了23%，而氧化脂蛋白是引发心脏病的主要因素。However, this is a relatively new discovery, and more studies must be performed before we really know.然而，这是一个相对较新的发现，在我们真正了解之前必须进行更多研究。Benefit #6: Lowers Cholesterol Levels功效六：降低胆固醇水平LDL lipoproteins, the bad cholesterol, are a risk factor for heart disease, and greatly influenced by what you eat.低密度脂蛋白，一种“有害的”胆固醇，是引发心脏病的危险因子，并且受饮食的影响巨大。But taking 3 grams of ginger powder daily can greatly reduce LDL lipoproteins, says one study.但是一项研究表明，每天服用3克姜粉可以极大地减少低密度脂蛋白。Benefit #7: Eases Menstrual Pain功效七：缓解痛经When taken at the beginning of the cycle, ginger was shown to reduce the cramping pain many women experience while menstruating.研究表明，在月经周期之初服用姜可以缓解许多妇女经期时的绞痛。Benefit #8: Aids Brain Function功效八：有助于增强脑功能A study involving middle-aged women showed that taking ginger had a direct effect on the brain and improved their reaction time and memory.一项针对中年妇女的研究表明服用姜可以直接影响大脑并提高了她们的反应能力和记忆力。Benefit #9: Could Help Fight Cancer功效九：可以帮助与癌症抗争Some studies suggest that a compound found in raw ginger, 6-gingerol, can greatly reduce the potentially cancer-causing activity in cells.研究表明，在生姜中发现的一种化合物，6-姜辣素，可以极大地减少潜在致癌活性细胞。However, other studies have shown that it has no substantive effect at all.然而，其他的研究表明姜完全没有实质性效果。Though the information we have on the relationship between ginger and cancer is limited, its definitely something worth looking into!尽管有关姜和癌症之间的关联性，我们拥有的信息有限，但这一定是值得研究的课题会议发言怯场？小妙招助你克服心理障碍There are many reasons someone might be hesitant to speak up in meetings fear of public speaking, being afraid of rejection or even worrying about the ramifications of disagreeing with your boss.一个人如果在会议发言时表现得犹豫不决，通常都有多个原因害怕公开演讲，害怕被否定，甚至担心因老板的不同意而产生分歧。These are real challenges that shouldnt be dismissed offhand. However, its a mistake to view them as obstacles you cant overcome, because sharing your ideas is a critical component to advancement.这些都是真实存在的挑战，都不应被人随意抛之脑后。然而，如果你把它们视为无法克服的障碍，那就是一个错误了，因为分享观点是个人的事业发展一个至关重要的组成部分。Consider how much emphasis is placed on personal branding and visibility when youre looking for a job. You update your social profiles, you get yourself out there and network, and maybe you even set up a personal website or begin routinely posting your thoughts on LinkedIn. You go out of your way to demonstrate that youre someone wholl bring a unique perspective to the company.试想象，在求职的过程中，你对个人品牌与曝光度的在意程度有多大。你不断更新自己的社交联系簿，你常在外奔跑与他人建立联系，甚至你可能还创建了个人网页或开始定期在商务人际关系网上更新自己的想法。你花了这么多力气只是为了证明自己就是那个能给公司带来独特观点的人。But once youre gainfully employed, you go along to get along, thinking your boss will appreciate your agreeability. But the employees who stand out to managers are the ones who share what theyre thinking so their boss knows what theyre truly capable of.但当你富有成效地找到了工作，你便习惯与他人搞好关系，幻想着老板总会欣赏你的世故。但能够在主管面前站出来说话的那个人，能够说出自己的真实所想，老板才能了解这个员工的真实能耐。So, with that in mind, here are two common reasons people dont speak up at work (and how to overcome them):所以正因这个想法，下面这两个便是人们为何不敢在职场环境中大胆发言的原因（以及解决这些问题的方法）：1.Youre worried you wont be as well liked1.你很担心自己不再像从前那么讨人喜欢。As Glenn Llopis points out in an article for Forbes, “In todays workplace, more people are keeping quiet and are just going with the flow thinking that this is the best way to advance, get noticed and / or win the political gaming that takes place at work” In other words, no one wants to gain any of the negative reputations that can come along with talking too much.正如Glenn Llopis在Forbes网站上的一篇文章指出：“在当今的职场，越来越多人倾向沉默是金，随波逐流也许认为这是最好的晋升或被他人留意的方法，以及可能在职场的政治游戏中立于不败之地”换而言之，没有人希望由于过多发言而获得负面的名声。Youre worried that if you routinely pipe up with suggestions or feedback, your colleagues will think youre undercutting them, or that youll be perceived as someone who simply loves the sound of his or her own voice.你很担心，如果你习惯提出自己的建议或反馈，你的同事就会认为你在给他们造成威胁，或者给别人留下一个自恋自己声音的印象。Keep in mind that you dont have to exist in extremes.请记住，你不必把自己陷于极端环境之中。First, its good that you care about team dynamics. (The person who doesnt give a second thought to eclipsing his colleagues isnt only unlikable, but hes also less likely to advance because hes steamrolling others.) However, keep in mind that you dont have to exist in extremes. Its not as though your only options are to dominate a meeting or say nothing at all. In fact, the most impressive employees fall somewhere in between the two speaking neither the most, nor the least but contributing at least one thoughtful, actionable idea.首先，你关心团队的动态是一件好事。（没有考虑过取代同事的员工不仅不受老板喜爱，而且更难获得晋升的机会，因为他在给别人造成压力。）然而，请记住，你并不生存于极端的环境之中。你能做的不是要么控制会议全场要么沉默不语。实际上，最令人印象深刻的员工懂得在两者之间找到折衷点既不滔滔不绝，也不惜字如金，但至少提供一个有参考价值，有行动意义的想法。Second, remember that silence isnt the best way to show support: Its much more valuable to be engaged. Have you ever opened a meeting with a brief presentation, asked if there were any questions and heardnothing? Even if your idea is a course-correction or suggesting an alternate route, sharing that feedback with your colleague now could save valuable time and resources. 其次，请记住，沉默不是表达支持的最佳方式：参与其中更有意义。你可曾试过以简短的展示作为会议的开场，然后提问大家是否有任何疑问，然后得到的答复是零？尽管你的想法能矫正方向或提供多个可选方案，但是如果能与同事共享反馈也许能节省不少宝贵的时间和资源。2.Youre worried your ideas wont be seen as good enough2.你很担心提出的观点不够好Unlike the person who is staying quiet for fear of overdoing it, youre concerned your input might not be valuable enough. Maybe youre the youngest person on the team or perhaps you think that if an idea was that good, someone else would have said it already. Regardless, you dread speaking up and saying something that isnt really adding anything to the discussion.与那些由于惧怕多做了而保持沉默的员工不同，你担心的是自己的观点也许不太可行。可能你是团队里最年轻的同事或者你认为如果这个观点真的那么好，其他人早就把它提出来了。无论如何，你害怕发言，害怕说一些不会给这次讨论有任何实质性帮助的观点。If youre not yet comfortable sharing your ideas, start by asking questions.如果你还不能轻松地表达自己的想法，那就先从提问开始吧。Much like people who arent natural networkers and benefit from conversation starters, come prepared with questions they can ask. Inc. contributor Jayson Demers compiled a list of seven questions including, “What are the action items?” and “What do you think?” The first question is great when you agree with everything thats been said and are interested in learning more about whats next; and the second is helpful when youre working on saying something, but in the meantime, would be more comfortable building off of someone elses idea.正如那些并非天生就是社交达人或从交谈获益的新手，在会议前先多准备一些问题吧。Inc.网站的博客贡献者Jayson Demers编撰了7个问题组，包括“活动项目有哪些？”“你的想法是什么？”当你同意对方提出的所有点子并且希望接下来了解更多详细信息，你就可以提第一个问题了；而第二个问题，当你正在想着该说些什么时可以用上这个问题。与此同时，你从他人的想法中衍生新的想法时，提出这个问题能让你感到更自在。Another option is to wait a couple of beats and fully think through your contribution before speaking up. Rather than share something thats half-baked, take a moment to fully articulate your thought in your head. If you realize when youre ready to chime in that the conversation has moved on, you still have two options: make a note of your idea (and share it over email or after the meeting, if relevant), or you can say, “Id like to move back to an earlier point.”另外一个方法就是等一会儿，彻底思考你准备贡献的想法再发言。与其提出一些“半成品”想法，倒不如花点时间好好组织你所表达的观点。如果你发现，当你已经准备好发言了，但会议已经转移到下一议题了，你还有两个方法：记下自己的想法（并在会议后与其他同事分享，如果这是相关的），或者你可以说：“我希望再谈谈刚才的那一个议题。”Not every idea you have will be a hit, but thats okay. The only way youre going to make contributions that make a difference is to speak up in the first place. So, look at speaking in meetings as a skill youd like to improve and start piping up.你所表达的想法不一定每一个都受大家欢迎，这也是没关系的。唯一表达自己的贡献的方法首先就是敢于发言。所以，在会议里发言可以作为一项有待提升并开始着手的技能能借个吻吗？好感升温时常用搭讪口语如果你已经有心仪对象、并且你们已经有了初步了了解，那么现在、是时候开始真正的让TA知道你是什么感觉了。1. “I dont know why, but I feel like Ive known you my whole life.”1.“不知道为什么，但是我觉得在遇到你之前我就认识你了。”This line will let the other person know that you feel like you have a special connection to them and make them feel all warm and fuzzy inside.这句话会让其他人知道，你觉得你同他们之间有着特殊的联系，这也会让他们感觉很温馨很舒适。2. “I had a dream about you last night”2.“我昨晚做了一个关于你的梦.”If you tell them that you had a dream about them then you are basically telling them that you have been thinking about them a lot. It will also make the other person extremely interested as they will start to wonder how they appeared in your dream. Dreams are very powerful and mysterious, so you want them to know that they are a part of your dreaming experience. The expression Man/Woman of my dreams isnt around for no reason! You can make up pretty much anything after this; eg “I had a dream about you last night we were alone on a beach drinking wine and looking up at the stars”如果你告诉他们你梦到他们了，那么你基本上是在告诉他们你经常会想到他们。这也会让其他人极度感兴趣，因为他们会开始想像他们是怎么出现在你的梦中的。梦是很强大很奇特的，所以你应该让他们知道他们是你梦中的一部分。这个表达我的梦中情人不是没有理由的！你可以编造很多事情，例如“我昨晚梦见你了.我们单独在沙滩上喝酒看星星.”3. “Would you like to go out sometime?”3.“什么时候一起出去约会吧？”So youve gotten this far. Youve introduced yourself and gotten to know them a bit and let them know very subtly that you have a crush on them. Now comes the real test, do they like you also? Do they want to go out on a date with you? Theres only one way to find out and that is to ask. If you are not successful and they turn you down, oh well, there are plenty more fish in the sea. If they say yes then congratulations, you can stop playing games with them and start being yourself.所以你已经到这一步了。你已经介绍你自己，也有些了解他们了，让他们微妙的感觉到你喜欢他们。现在真正的考验来了，他们也喜欢你吗？他们愿意跟你约会吗？只有一种方式知道答案，那就是去问。如果你没有成功，他们拒绝你了，嗯好的，天涯何处无芳草。如果他们答应了，那么，恭喜你，你可以不用再和他们玩这些搭讪的花招，而是展示真实的自己就好。Some additional chat up lines一些额外的搭讪语Whereas the list above is more about phrases that will help you get to know somebody, this list is more about chat up lines which you would be more likely to use on a night out at a bar or club.鉴于上面的例子大多都是帮助你了解某人的句子，那么下面的例子大多都是搭讪语，你更加可能在酒吧或俱乐部的夜晚使用。WARNING: Use with caution. More often than not these are just cheesy and will send people running in the other direction, but you never know, they might see the humor in it.警告：请小心使用。通常这些都是俗气的，会让人们理解成其它意思，但是你永远也不知道，他们也许会发现其中的幽默。Sorry can I use your phone? I need to call heaven and tell them an angel is missing.抱歉，我可以用下你的电话吗？我要给上帝打个电话，告诉他们有个天使弄丢了。Are you a camera? Because every time I look at you, I smile.你是照相机吗？为什么每次看到你，我就笑了。Do you believe in love at first sight, or should I walk by again?你相信一见钟情吗，或者我该再次从你身旁走过一次（意指：再次证明自己爱上你了）？Did it hurt when you fell from heaven?你从天堂降落人间时，有受伤吗？Can I borrow a kiss? I promise Ill give it back.我能借个吻吗？我发誓我会还的。Im new in town. Could you give me directions to your apartment?我刚来到这个镇。你能告诉我去你家的路吗？4件小事周末做，下周工作好轻松What did you do last weekend? If the answer is same old, same old-or even worse, you spent the weekend working-then its time to make sure this weekend is different. Your brain needs rest, stimulation, social connection, and a break from your work routine in order to function at its best. So if you want to be really productive next week, and to do the best, most creative work you can, how you spend your weekend makes a big difference.上周末你都做了些什么事情？如果你的回答是“还是老样子”，甚至更糟糕整个周末都在干活，那么本周末你就该做点不一样的事情了。你的大脑需要休息，激发活力，建立社会联系，以及从日常工作行程中抽时间休息以达到运作的最佳状态。所以如果你真心想在下周的工作中创造力满满，发挥最佳水平，那么合理利用周末的时间便很有必要了。Here are some things you should make sure to do:下面是一些在周末完成便能使下周工作动力满满的事情：1.Disconnect from work for at least 24 hours.1. 远离工作至少24小时。Even if you cant take the entire weekend off, make sure to have at least one whole day with no work in it at all. This is advice I had trouble following myself when I first got it a few years ago. But I stuck with it and now I take at least one full day off every weekend because I see how much difference it makes. Three weeks ago I couldnt-I had gotten very behind on a big project and I had no choice but to work through the whole weekend. Im still feeling the resulting productivity loss.If you need to or want to spend some time during the weekend planning and preparing for the coming week, thats fine.即使你不能在周末完全休假，确保至少有一整天时间摆脱任何工作。这是笔者多年前遇到这种周末工作问题时获得的建议。不过我一直坚持这个习惯，而如今我每周都可以至少抽出一整天时间来休息，因为我发现了其中的意义。三周前我无法摆脱原先每周工作的命运，因为我正跟进一项非常重大的项目，我别无选择只能在周末的时候完成这件项目。如今我仍然觉得那样会导致创造力缺失。如果你需要或希望在周末花点时间计划或准备下周的工作任务，那也是没有关系的。2.Rest and relax.2.休息放松。If you dont get enough sleep during the week, make sure you get all the sleep you need during the weekend. Even when youre awake, take some of your time off to do something you find completely relaxing.如果平常工作日你无法获得足够的睡眠，那就保证在周末的时候补偿回来。即使你处于醒着的状态，你也可以花点时间做点让你完全轻松下来的事情。3.Take your family skiing.3.带上家人去滑雪。Do I mean that literally? Not quite. But heres what I do mean: You need to spend time with people you care about, which could be your close friends, spouse, partner, or kids. You need to get exercise, you need to get outdoors, you need to do something you enjoy, and you need to do something that challenges you in some way.真的带家人去滑雪吗？不是的，我的意思是，你得花点时间与你关心的人相处，可能是你的好朋友，配偶，伙伴或孩子。你得参与体育锻炼，走出家门，做点自己乐在其中的事情，做点具有挑战性的事情。4.Read. 4.阅读。I dont just mean the reading you have to do anyway for work. Read things that expand your mind, deliver new ideas, or let you see the world from a different point of view. You could read a romance for pleasure. The more you vary your reading, the better off youll be.我的意思不是说你得读与工作相关的书籍。而是阅读那些能够拓展思维，传递新信息，或者让你以新的视角观看世界的书籍。你也可以阅读一本浪漫的小说。你所阅读的书籍种类越多，你的内心就富有。If youre one of those people who hates to read, then find another way to stimulate your brain with new information and new ideas. This could be watching a documentary or going out to a concert or talk. The point is that your brain needs the nourishment that only new material can provide. 如果你讨厌阅读，那就寻找另外一个能够通过新信息和想法以刺激大脑的方法。可以观看一部纪录片或参与一场音乐会或讨论会。重点是只有新信息才能提供营养滋润你的大脑。Do these simple things, and youll get back to work on Monday with a new level of energy and engagement. Which means your weekend will have been very well spent.做做这几件简单的小事情，那么下周一上班时你就达到了能量的新高度与参与度。这就意味着你的周末过得非常充实莎士比亚作品里最狠的10句吐槽：赶紧学起来Fromtripe-visagedrascalto ass-head William Shakespeare may have been born 450 years ago today (or thereabouts) but he sure knew how to put someone down in style. David and Ben Crystal, authors of the Oxford Illustrated Shakespeare Dictionary, help you work out which insults to use and when!从“蠢流氓”到“驴脑袋”虽然威廉莎士比亚出生于450年前（左右），但他却知道怎么用当下的时髦话“吐槽”。现在，让莎士比亚牛津插图词典的作者戴维和本克里斯托来教教你何时何地该如何吐槽吧。1.Hermia calls Helena a “paintedmaypole”-presumablybecause she is tall, thin, and wears a lot of makeup in A Midsummer Nights Dream.赫米娅把呼海伦娜称为一个“油漆过的五月柱”大概是因为在仲夏夜之梦中，海伦娜又高又瘦，还画着大浓妆。2. Maria calls Malvolio “a time-pleaser, anaffectionedass”- a follower of fashion and apretentiousidiot in Twelfth Night.玛利亚称呼马伏里奥为“时代的马屁精，装腔作势的蠢驴”因为马伏里奥在第十二夜中过分追求时尚，像一个做作的傻瓜。3. The Welsh Captain describes Pistol as a “rascally, scald scabby, beggarly,lousy, pragging show-offknave”in Henry 5.在亨利五世中，威尔士亲王将皮斯托尔描述成一个“卑鄙下贱，像乞丐一样讨厌的，爱炫耀的流氓”。4. Sebastian calls the Boatswain a “bawling, blasphemous, incharitable dog”in The Tempest.在暴风雨中，西巴斯辛骂水手长：“你这大喊大叫、血口喷人、没有心肝的狗东西”。5. Kent says Oswald is a “knave, beggar,coward, pander pimp, and the son and heir of amongrelbitch”in King Lear.在李尔王中，肯特这样形容奥斯华德：“又是流氓，又是叫花子，又是懦夫，又是皮条客，又是一条杂种老母狗的儿子。”6. Antonio describes Claudio and Don Pedro as “scambling, outfacing, fashion-monging boys”-quarrelsome,bluffing, anddandifiedin Much Ado About Nothing.在无事生非中，安东尼奥描述克劳狄奥和唐彼德罗“懒散，厚脸皮，爱赶时髦的小子”争强好胜、虚张声势，打扮花哨。7. Sir Toby calls Sir Andrew “an ass-head, and acoxcomb, and a knave, a thin-faced knave, agull!”- a simpleton in Twelfth Night.在第十二夜中，托比爵士说安德鲁爵士是“蠢驴脑袋，纨绔子弟，无赖，没脸皮的无赖，骗子！”8. Kent describes Oswald