甘肃省天水市高三英语上学期开学考试试题（含解析）.doc

甘肃省天水市2018届高三上学期开学考试英语试题第卷第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）ait was a cold march day in high point,north carolina.the girls on the wesleyan academy softball were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice,stamping their feet to say warm.eighth-grader taylor bisbee shivered（发抖）a little as she watched her teammate paris white play.the two didnt know each other welltaylor had just moved to town a month or so before.suddenly,paris fell to the ground,“pariss eyes rolled back,”taylor says.“she stated shaking.i knew it was an emergency.”it certainly was,paris had suffered a sudden heart failure.without immediate medical care,paris would die.at first,no one moved.the girls were in shock.then the softball coach shouted out,“does anyone know cpr?”cpr is a life-saving technique.to do cpr,you press on the sick persons chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs.without oxygen the brain is damaging quickly.amazingly,taylor had just taken a cpr course the day before.still,she hesitated.she didnt think she knew it well enough.but when no one else came forward,taylor ran to paris and began doing cpr.“it was scary.i knew it was the difference between life and death,”says taylor.taylors swift action helped her teammates calm down.one girl called 911.two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator,an electronic devices（器械）that can shock the heart back into work.luck stayed with them: paris heartbeat returned.“i know i was really lucky,”paris says now.“most people dont survive this.my team saved my life.”experts say paris is right: for a sudden heart failure,the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do cpr quickly.today,paris is back on the softball team.taylor will apply to college soon.she wants to be a nurse.“i feel more confident in my actions now,”taylor says.“i know i can act under pressure in a scary situation.”1. what happened to paris on a march day?a. she caught a bad cold. b. she has a sudden heart problem.c. she was knocked down by a ball. d. she shivered terribly during practice.2. why does paris say she was lucky?a. she made a worthy friend. b. she recovered from shock.c. she received immediate cpr. d. she came back on the softball team.3. which of the following words can best describe taylor?a. enthusiastic and kind. b. courageous and calm.c. cooperative and generous. d. ambitious and professional.【答案】1. b 2. c 3. b【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了垒球队一名女孩paris在打球的过程中突发心力衰竭，队友taylor紧急对paris进行了心肺复苏，送往医院后她恢复了心跳的故事，旨在说明面临心力衰竭时，保持冷静并进行紧急心肺复苏的重要性。1. 根据第三段第一行，“it certainly was。 paris had suffered a sudden heart failure。”可知，paris突发心脏病，故b项正确。2. 根据第五段第二行“taylor ran to paris and began doing cpr”以及第六段整段中队友的协助，得到了及时cpr救助的paris“heartbeat returned”， 所以paris说自己非常的幸运。倒数第二段，“experts say paris is right。 for a sudden failure， the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do cpr quickly”，专家的话也印证了paris获得了及时的救助，故c项正确。3. 根据第五段第二行“but when no one else came forward， taylor ran to paris and began doing cpr。”说明taylor非常的勇敢，在没有人出来帮忙以及自己对自己不那么自信的情况下，她还是跑去救助了paris。由第五段第三行taylor 的话“it was scary。 i knew it was the difference between life and death。”以及第六段首句“taylors swift action helped her teammates calm down。”可知，taylor是一个勇敢并且冷静的女孩，面对这种情况，她没有慌乱，用自己学习到的急救知识迅速行动并用自己的举动感染了队友，使她们镇静下来帮忙救助，故b项正确。breading can be a social activity.think of the people who belong to book groups.they choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.now,the website bookc turns the page on the traditional ides of a book group.members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.bookcrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.then the person leaves it in a public place,hoping that the book will have an adventure,traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.bruce pederson,the managing director of bookcrossing,says,“the two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.bookcrossing combines both.”members leave books on park benches and buses,in train stations and coffee shops.whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.people who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.e-mails are then sent to the bookcrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found.bruce peterson says the ides is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.bookcrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual（虚拟）.the site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.4. why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?a. to explain what they are.b. to introduce bookcrossing.c. to stress the importance of reading.d. to encourage readers to share their ideas.5. what does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?a. the book. b. an adventure.c. a public place. d. the identification number.6. what will a bookcrosser do with a book after reading it?a. meeting other readers to discuss it. b. keep it safe in his bookcase.c. pass it on to another reader. d. mail it back to its owner.7. what is the best title for the text?a. online reading: a virtual tourb. electronic books: a new trendc. a book group brings tradition backd. a website links people through books【答案】4. b 5. a 6. c 7. d【解析】试题分析：4. b 目的意图题。作者在第一段中提出读书也是一种社交活动，那些参加读书小组的人经常在一起阅读讨论所读内容，增强相互之间的理解。接着在最后一句提出bookc,说明作者提到读书小组的目的正是为了介绍网站bookc。故b正确。5. a 代词指代题。根据本句“. hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”可知，那些留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的it指代前半句提到的同一事物“the book”。故a正确。.7. d 标题概括题。根据文章第三段可知bookc把改变人生的两种事物：遇到的人和读过的书联系在一起。d项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。cat thirteen,i was diagnosed with kind of attention disorder.it made school difficult for me.when people else in the class was focusing on tasks,i could not.in my first literature class,mrs.smith asked us to read a story and then write on it,all within 45 minutes.i raised my hard right away and said,“mrs.smith,you see,the doctor said i have attention problems.i might not be able to do it.”she glanced down at me through her glasses,“you are no different from your classmates,young man.”i tried,but i didnt finish the reading when the bell rang.i had to take it home.in the quietness of my bedroom,the story suddenly all became clear to me.it was about a blind person,louis braille.he lived in a time when the blind couldnt get much education.but louis didnt give up.instead,he invented a reading system of raised dots（点）,which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.wasnt i the “blind” in my class,being made to learn like the “sighted” students?my thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance.i completed the task within 40 minutes.indeed,i was no different from others;i just needed a quieter place.if louis could find his way out of his problems,why should i ever give up?i didnt expect anything when i handled in my paper to mrs.smith,so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day-with an “a” on it.at the bottom of the paper were these words:“see what you can do when you keep trying?”8. the author didnt finish the reading in class because_.a. he was new to the class b. he was tried of literaturec. he had an attention disorder d. he wanted to take the task home9. what do we know about louis braille from the passage?a. he had good sight. b. he made a great invention.c. he gave up reading. d. he learned a lot from school.10. what was mrs.smiths attitude to the author at the end of the story?a. angry. b. impatient.c. sympathetic. d. encouraging.11. what is the main idea of the passage?a. the disabled should be treated with respect.b. a teacher can open up a new world to students.c. one can find his way out of difficulties with efforts.d. everyone needs a hand when faced with challenges.【答案】8. c 9. b 10. d 11. c【解析】试题分析：作者患上了注意力障碍症，无法完成老师布置的作业，但在老师的鼓励下，通过自己的努力完成了任务，得到了a，受到了老师的表扬。这说明通过努力，我们可以找到克服困难的方法。8. c 细节理解题。根据文章第一段at thirteen, i was diagnosed（诊断）with kind of attention disorder. it made school difficult for me. when everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks, i could not.可知我患了注意力障碍症，无法集中注意力于某件事情。所以我无法在课堂上集中注意力完成老师布置的阅读任务。故c项正确。9. a 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots (点), which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.可知他为盲人发明出一种方法进行阅读。故a项正确。10. d 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段i didnt expect anything when i handed in my paper to mrs. smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day with an “a” on it. at the bottom of the paper were these words: “ see what you can do when you keep trying?”可知最后作者的文章得到了a等级，受到了老师的表扬。作者感觉到很受鼓舞。故d项正确。11. d 主旨大意题。作者患上了注意力障碍症，在课堂上无法集中注意力，无法完成老师布置的作业。但在老师的鼓励下，他克服了困难，通过自己的努力完成了任务，得到了a，受到了老师的表扬。这说明通过努力，我们可以找到克服困难的方法。故d项正确。考点：考查记叙文阅读dscientists have found that human eyes are more likely to be damaged by uv rays while skiing in the snow- covered areas than sitting on the beach,according to a report by the uk newspaper.the researchers at kanazawa medical university,japan and american company johnson & johnson conducted the study together.they looked at the effects of light reflection on newly fallen snow on a ski trail in ishikawa district,northern japan.they compared the results with the levels of uv rays on a sand beach in southern japans okinawa district.the found that on the beach,eyes are exposed to a daily 260 kilojoules（千焦耳）of uv a square meter compared to 658 kilojoules in snow-covered areas.the findings are supported by the japan meteorological（气象的）agency.according to the agency,the reflection rate of uv light on beaches is often between 10 and 25 percent,compared to 80 percent in the new snow areas.the amount of light increased 4 percent with a 300-meter rise in height.most of us know that uv rays can harm the skin.thats why er wear sunscreen on our skin before we get out in the sun.but many of us may not realize that uv rays are also harmful to the eyes.if your eyes are exposed to large amounts of uv radiation over a short period of time,you may experience a kind of sunburn of the eye,which is harmful.your eyes will become red and feel a strange feeling.they may be sensitive to light.fortunately,this is usually temporary and seldom causes permanent damage to the eyes.long-term exposure to uv radiation,however,can be more serious.scientific studies and researches have shown that exposure to small amounts of uv radiation over a period of many years increases the chance of eye damages, which could lead to total blindness.12. you would most likely find the article in .a. a doctors diary b. a travel journalc. a medical magazine d. a physics textbook13. which of the following statements is true according to the passage?a. too much eye exposure to uv rays may cause total blindness.b. short-time exposure of the eyes to uv rays doesnt harm them at all.c. most people know that uv rays harm the eyes as well as the skin.d. the study was conducted by researchers from japan,the usa and the uk.14. human eyes are more likely to be damaged by uv rays while skiing in the snow-covered areas than sitting on the beach because .a. snow produces more uv light than water.b. people dont wear sunscreen while skiing as they do while sitting on the beach.c. the reflection rate of uv light in snow-covered areas is much higher that that on the beach.d. human eyes are exposed longer to uv light in the snow-covered areas than on the beach.15. what will the passage most probably talk about next?a. never ski on newly fallen snow in japan.b. go to hospital to have your eyes examined.c. wearing a hat can provide protection while skiing in new snow areas.d. take some measures to protect your eyes while skiing in new snow areas.【答案】12. c 13. a 14. c 15. d【解析】本文属于说明文。科学家发现：相比在海滩上，人们在白雪覆盖的地区，眼睛更容易受到紫外线的损伤。12. c 推理判断题。文章主要介绍紫外线对人的眼睛的损伤，属于医学类范畴。故文章应出于一本医学杂志，选c。13. a 细节理解题。根据最后一段中scientific studies and researches have shown that exposure to small amounts of uv radiation over a period of many years increases the chance of eye damage, which could lead to total blindness.可知，长时间曝露在紫外线下很可能会导致完全失明。故选a 。14. c 细节理解题。根据第四段中“according to the agency, the reflection rate of uv light on beaches is often between 10 and 25 percent, compared to 80 percent in the new snow areas. the amount of light increased 4 percent with a 300-meter rise in height.”可知，眼睛之所以损伤是因为白雪覆盖的地区和海滩上的紫外线反射率不同，在海滩上的紫外线反射率往往是10%到25%之间，而在新雪区是80%。光的含量增加了4%，高度上升了300米。故选c。15. d 推理判断题。全文说明了在白雪覆盖地区紫外线对眼睛的危害更严重，接下来应该是要介绍防止这种危害、保护眼睛的措施。故选d。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。how to do man-on-the-street interviewsthe man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot._16_but with these tips,your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.when your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story,think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.for example,if your topic is about environmental problems in america,you might ask,“why do you think environment protection is important in america?”_17_hit the streets with confidence._18_say,“excuse me,i work for xyz news,and i was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.”this is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera.dont get discouraged._19_each interview that you get on the street shouldnt be longer than ten minutes.as soon as you get the answer you need,move on to the next person.make sure that as you go from interview to interview,you are getting a variety of answers.if everyone is giving you the same answer,you wont be able to use it.a safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten._20_if your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air,dont leave work without them.a.limit your time.b.as you approach people,be polite.c.if you dont own a camera,you can but one.d.for new reporters,this can seem like a challenging task.e.to get good and useful results,ask them the some question.f.that number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.g.with a question like this,you will get more than a “yes” or “no” reply.【答案】16. d 17. g 18. b 19. a 20. f【解析】本文主要讲述了如何进行街头采访。文中给了几个小贴士来帮助那些新记者更轻松的进行街头采访，比如采访前计划好话题和问题，增强自己的信心，限制采访的时间等。16. 根据后一句“but with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.”可知，以下这些小贴士会让你的采访很容易。“but”一词连接两句相反的句意，故可推测，空白处会写道采访是件很困难的事。结合选项，故选d。17. 根据前文“think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.”可知，本段讲的是在采访前需要想好话题以及和话题相关的问题，空白处前一句是一个问题，关键词“questions”，结合选项，故选g。18. 根据此段“excuse methis is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.”可知，在上街去采访别人时，不仅要有信心还要有礼貌，这是一个能快速温暖自己的方法。结合选项，故选b。19. 根据后一句“each interview that you get on the street shouldnt be longer than ten minutes. as soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person”可知，每次面试，你在街上不应该超过十分钟。一旦你得到你需要的答案，就转到下一个人。可推测你采访的时候要控制好自己的时间。结合选项，故选a。20. 根据前文“make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers”可知，当你采访的时候，你要尽量得到多种多样的答案。关键词“answers”，空白处又提到“a safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten” 进行采访的安全人数大约是六到十人。关键词“number of interviews”。结合选项。故选f。第卷第二部分 英语知识运用（共三节，满分60分）第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。at my heaviest i weighed 370 pounds.i had a very poor relationship with food: i used it to_21_bad feelings,to make myself feel better,and to celebrate.worried about my health,i tried many different kinds of_22_but nothing worked.i came to believe that i could do nothing about my_23_.when i was 50,my weight problem began to affect me_24_.i didnt want to live the rest of my life with this _25_weight any more.that year,i_26_a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world.a seminar leader shared her_27_storyshe had not only 125 pounds,but also raised $25,000 for homeless children._28_by her story,i created the as we heal,the world heals_29_.my goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000_30_a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.this combination of healing myself and healing the world _31_me as the perfect solution._32_i began my own personal weight program,i was filled with the fear that i would_33_the same difficulties that beat me before.while the_34_hung over my head,there were also signs that i was headed down the right_35_.i sent letters to everyone i knew,telling them about my project.it worked perfectly.donations began_36_in from hundreds of people.of course,i also took some practical steps to lose weight.i consulted with a physician,i hired a fitness coach,and i began to eat small and_37_meals.my fund-raising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise_38_.a year later,i_39_my goal: i lost 150 pounds and raised $50,000!i feel that ive been given a second life to devote to something that is_40_and enormous.21. a. add b. mix c. kill d. share22. a. diets b. drinks c