2016年高考英语复习题：课时17 阅读理解技法2.doc

课时17阅读理解技法2.阅读理解技法演练一、细心推敲推理判断题【精要提示】推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，但答案的依据一定在原文中，因此在推理过程中一定要忠于原文，在文中寻找并确定可推断的依据，即已知部分推断的前提，从中推出未知部分推断的结论。这就要求考生不仅要读懂所涉及的每个句子的意思，推断出它们之间的关系，而且要结合自己的生活常识和经验，通过逻辑推理和判断理解文章的话外之音，言外之意。做推理判断题时要注意以下几点：(1)选项内容与原文相同，不需要经过推断，这样的选项直接排除。(2)绝对化、扩大化的选项要排除。(3)与文章主基调不相符的结论也要淘汰。(4)推断时要客观，忠于原文，不要受主观意识的影响。【微情景练】忠于原文，合理推断Reading 1(2014大纲版全国卷，E)Which boy hasnt dreamed of being a cool secret agent(特工)？The wonderful fighting abilities and the worldsaving adventures are much more colourful than most peoples everyday lives.Well Cody Banks is just like any other boy，except that he is not just dreaming.He has a big secret his friends never know about.He was trained to be a spy(间谍)by a special CIA programme，which was made to look like a summer camp.He learned highspeed driving，handtohand fighting and the use of hightech tools.Agent Cody Banks has everything that young people are interested in：big explosions，breathtaking performances and funny girldating experiences.It was listed No.2 in the American box office last week.“This story is interesting and fun for the whole family to enjoy，and especially cool for young boys，”said Paul Perkins，a film reviewer in the US.What is the purpose of the text?AMaking known the work of the CIA.BTelling the story about a cool boy.CShowing the dark side of science.DIntroducing a new film.Reading 2(2015广东卷，D)One unchanging aspect of a British persons class position is accent.The words a person speaks tell her or his class.A study of British accents during the 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice, Most people said this accent sounded educated and softThe accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional(地区的)city accents.These accents were seen as common and uglyHowever, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least.This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.British attitudes towards accent _Ahave a long traditionBare based on regional statusCare shared by the AmericansDhave changed in recent years二、瞻前顾后猜测词义题【精要提示】根据逻辑关系，猜词义。在一个句子或段落中如有两个事物或现象的对比性描述，我们可以从生词的对立面猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词或短语主要有：unlike，not，but，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast等。表示对比关系的句子有：while引导的并列句。表示比较关系的词或短语主要有：similarly，like，just as，also，as well as等。【微情景练】Reading 1(2015四川卷，B)Determined，Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around.It didnt look that bad，and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell，it didnt offend the nose so much，either.I took a taste.It would never win a prize in a cooking competition，but it was surprisingly edible，and we drank up every last drop of soup.What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean?ATo attract. BTo upset.CTo air. DTo shut.Reading 2 (2014湖北高考，C). The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency (效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments. .The underlined word“which”in Paragraph 2 refers to “_”Athe ways Btheir homesCdevelopments Dexisting efforts.能力提升练A(2014湖北卷)Working with a group of baboons(狒狒) in the Namibian desert，Dr.Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology，Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box.Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task，while others had to learn for themselves.To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were，Dr.Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.She found that personality had a major impact on learning.The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did.In effect，despite being made aware of what to do，they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not，even though they spent more time watching.This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals，something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they arent clever enough to solve them，but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they dont associate with the knowledgeable individuals，or they are too shy to use the information once they have it，information may not travel between all group members，preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.1What is the first paragraph mainly about?AThe design of Dr.Carters research.BThe results of Dr.Carters research.CThe purpose of Dr.Carters research.DThe significance of Dr.Carters research.2According to the research，which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?AThose that have more experience.BThose that can avoid potential risks.CThose that like to work independently.DThose that feel anxious about learning.3Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?ASome baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.BSome baboons are shy but active in social activities.CSome baboons observe others but dont follow them.DSome baboons perform new tasks but dont concentrate.4Dr.Carters findings indicate that our culture might be formed through_Astoring informationBlearning from each otherCunderstanding different peopleDtravelling between social groupsBWhat are you expected to do about your donation?Before your donation：1Be sure to drink plenty of fluids on the day of your donation.2Wear clothing with sleeves that can easily be rolled up above the elbow.3If possible，include ironrich foods such as seafood，beans and tofu in your diet，especially in the weeks before your donation.During your donation：1Our staff and volunteers will sign you in and go over basic donation information.2We will check your temperature，pulse，blood pressure and hemoglobin level present in a sample of blood.3We will cleanse an area on your arm and insert a needle for the blood draw.This feels like a quick pinch and is over in seconds.The actual donation takes about 810 minutes，during which you will be seated comfortably.Certain donation types，such as platelets(血小板)，or red cells can take up to 2 hours.When approximately a pint of blood has been collected，the donation is completed and a member of the staff will place a bandage on your arm.After your donation：1After donating，you should have a snack and something to drink in the refreshments area.You can leave the site after 1015 minutes and continue with your normal daily activities.2You should continue to drink water throughout the day of your donation.3Avoid heavy lifting or exercise.What are benefits of donating?1Scientific studies have found that heart attacks and other eardiac problems are less common in men who have donated blood compared to men who have not.2Its something you can sparemost people have blood to spare.yet，there is still not enough to go around.3You will help ensure blood is on the shelf when neededmost people dont think theyll ever need blood，but many do.Give blood and youll make a big difference in the lives of others!5How many patients in the USA need blood every day?AAbout 1，500. BAbout 13，800.CAbout 45，000. DAbout one million.6One donation can save as many as _Atwo lives Bthree livesCfive lives Deight lives7You are advised to eat more seafood before your donation，because _Aseafood is rich in ironBseafood is poor in fatCseafood contains plenty of fluidsDseafood helps produce more blood8We can infer that blood donation _Awill help you produce more platelets in the bloodBwill allow you to use more blood when in needCwill make the blood donors healthier physicallyDwill have a serious effect on your normal daily activitiesCA novice 15yearold driver，I was trying to downshift around a curve on a gravel country road when I hit the brake instead of the clutch (离合器)This sent the car sliding，killing the engine and jerking us to an abrupt stop.My father and I sat in surprised silence as a cloud of dust sifted down on the car.I waited for a reprimand，but instead my father took a deep breath and suggested that I restart the engine.That was 30 years ago.My father is gone now，and Im the parent of three teenagers.What was his secret to remaining calm with his five children? Struggling for that patience on a daily basis，I wish he were here to give me the answer as I begin a driving lesson with my 15yearold son.I click on the seat belt as he climbs behind the wheel.“This is so cool！” he says.I watch as he starts the engine with a roar，adjusts the rearview mirror to check his hair，flips on his favorite radio station and finally puts the car in reverse.Slowly he backs down out long，narrow driveway.Im impressed and begin to relax.When we enter the street，he shifts into drive and steps on the gas.“Watch the mailbox！” I scream as my foot slams on an imaginary brake.He misses it by an inch.“See，no problem，” he says.“This is fun.”He starts to pick up speed.I tense.Suddenly all the mailboxes，light posts and garbage cans seem really close to the road.“Watch your speed，” I say calmly.“Slow down on this curve.Slow down on this curve！” My right foot floors the phantom brake.“Im not going fast，” he says.“Just turn right at the next road.”Flipping on his signal，he makes a wide turn directly into the opposite lane.Thankfully theres no oncoming car.“Youve got to stay in your lane.” I snap.Silence fills the air.He grips the wheel.I grasp for patience.Heading down a long stretch of country road in a tensionfilled car，I struggle to remain silent and just let him experience the driving.After a period of quiet，he turns to me.“How am I doing？” he asks proudly.“Very well.”“See，Mom.You just need to give me more time.”“I know.Youre going to make a wonderful driver.”Smiling，he steps on the gas.His face glows with the realization that vast horizons and new beginning are stretching out before him，just like the open road were on.For a fleeting instant I feel the magic.Suddenly Im no longer the weary mother of three but once again the young girl in the drivers seat.And through this mist of time，a beam of knowledge shines out to me.Thirty years ago，as dust floated down on us in the stalled car，had my fathers own memory of a youth come sparkling back to him?Now，tucking my brake foot under the seat，I notice the sky has become a rosy hue.I turn and look out the back window.“Is there a car behind us？” my son asks nervously.“No，but theres a spectacular sunset.Keep your eyes on the road，and Ill describe it to you.”Through the open window，the evening breeze blows in the sweet scent of a country dusk.I take a deep breath.My son checks his hair.Cruising down the road，we both admire the fields glowing in the autumn twilight.9What does the underlined word “reprimand” mean in the first paragraph?AScolding. BAppreciation.CEncouragement. DComfort.10Which of the following best describes the authors father?APatient and strict. BCapable and skillful.CPatient and calm. DOptimistic and capable.11The author mentions the “imaginary brake” to show that _Ashe was very nervous about her sons drivingBthe design of the car needs improvingCher sons driving is really terribleDthe situation on the road is very complicated12Which of the following is NOT the reason that makes the author feel relaxed suddenly?AHer realization of her sons bright future.BHer memory of her father.CThe beautiful scenery along the road.DHer sons smiling face.13We can infer from the passage that her son is _Aa naughty boy who hates to listen to his momBa confident boy who likes driving and learns fastCa careless boy who doesnt care about others feelingDan unlucky boy who doesnt get along well with his mom14The passage is mainly written to tell the readers _Ahow to teach a child drivingBto value the beautiful relationship between family membersCto always keep calm and patient when teaching a childDthat safety is the most important when driving课时17阅读理解技法(2)阅读理解技法演练一、Reading 1D写作目的题。根据最后一段可知，这是一篇影片简介，故选D。Reading 2A细节理解题。根据该段最后一句.British attitudes towards accent have deep roots.可知，英国人对于口音的态度有着一定的根源和传统。由该段最后一句的are based on class prejudice可知，是基于阶级偏见而非基于地区的重要性，故排除B项；根据第四段的However，a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down.可知，美国人的认识与英国人的恰恰相反，所以排除C项；根据该段的第一句One unchanging aspect of a British persons class position is accent.可知，英国人对口音的态度并未改变，故排除D项。二、Reading 1B词义判断题。根据文章上文的 the first wave had shut down my ability to smell可知，此处指的是鼻子闻不到那种味道，意为搅乱。Reading 2D词义猜测题。该句是非限制性定语从句，which是引导词，其先行词是existing efforts，故选D。能力提升练【语篇解读】这是一篇科普性说明文。剑桥大学的研究人员通过对狒狒的研究发现，影响狒狒学习的因素不是它们是否聪明，而是其性格。这一研究表明，人类社会也是如此，如果我们不善于与他人沟通，那么我们就很难形成一种以社会学习为基础的变化。1A考查推理判断。第一段介绍了研究人员开展这一研究的具体细节：把新奇的食物和熟悉的食物放在一个盒子里，有些狒狒有机会看另外一个狒狒是如何解决问题的，而另外一些狒狒则只能自己去寻找食物，因此选A。2D考查推理判断。从文章对该实验的描述“The braver babo