一轮复习讲义3(M1U4-M1U5知识点).doc

一轮复习讲义3: M1U4-M1U5 知识点 _M1U4:1. 立刻/马上right away/right now/at once/in no time2. 突然破裂/爆发(n.);爆裂/爆发(vi.) burst, burst, burst突然大哭起来 burst into tears/burst out crying突然大笑起来 burst into laughter/burst out laughing闯入(接宾语) burst into/break into破门而入/闯入(不接宾语) burst in/break in勃然大怒 burst with anger; 乐不开支 burst with joy3. 仿佛/好像as if/as though即使/尽管even if/even though4. 结束/终结(状态)(常作表语) (be) at an end结束(动作) come to an end(使)结束/终止 bring to an end/put an end to使收支相抵make ends meet; 连续地/直立地 on end终于in the end/finally/at last在尽头at the end of; 到末为止 by the end of以结束/告终 end in sth./end up with (doing) sth.1) 他们的长期努力以失败告终。Their long struggle ended in failure.2) 美国人用餐时先喝汤, 最后吃水果。When eating a meal, Americans begin with a soup and end up with fruits.5. 废墟(可数)/毁灭(不可数)(n.); 毁灭/使破产(vt.) ruin严重受损/破败不堪(be/lie) in ruins (lie, lay, lain)灭亡/荒废/衰败 fall into ruin; 自取灭亡 ruin oneself6. 损害/伤害(vt.) injure;伤口(n.) injury受伤的(adj.) injured; 伤员the injured (谓语用复数)辨析: injure/hurt/wound/destroy/damageinjure 在意外事故中受伤hurt 在精神上/肉体上/感情上受到伤害wound战斗中受到的刀伤、枪伤, 利器所伤harm伤害人的健康/权利/事业等, “对有害”destroy毁灭性的破坏, 不可修复damage使用价值遭到破坏, 可修复伤害某人 do an injury to sb./do sb. an injury对有害do harm to/be harmful to吸烟有害健康。Smoking does harm to your health.Smoking is harmful to your health.对造成损害do damage to/cause damage to7. 破坏/毁坏/消灭(vt.) destroy, destroyed, destroyed8. (使)震惊/震动(vt.& vi.); 休克/打击/震惊(n.) shock(感到)吃惊的/震惊的(adj.) shocked令人震惊的/可怕的/触目惊心的(adj.) shocking对感到震惊be shocked by/at对某人来说是个打击(be) a shock to sb.9. 援救/营救(n.& vt.) rescue援救某人come to ones rescue/rescue sb.把某人/某物从营救出来rescue sb./sth. from10. 陷阱(n.);使陷入困境(vt.) trap, trapped, trapped困在中/陷在中 be trapped in11. 掘出/发现dig out (dig, dug, dug)12. 埋葬/掩埋/隐藏(vt.) bury, buried, buried, burying把埋在里buryin; 被活埋 be buried alive专心于 Sb. be buried in/Sb. bury oneself inSb. be absorbed in (doing) sth./Sb. be lost in (doing) sth.陷入沉思中, 他没听到老师说什么。Lost in thought, he didnt hear what the teacher said.13. 许多/大量的a (great/large) number of注意: a number of +名词复数, “许多”, 谓语用复数。the number of+名词复数, “的数量”, 谓语用单数; 被邀请人数是50人, 但其中很多人因不同原因缺席。The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.14. 地震(n.) earthquake/quake15. 井(n.); 涌出/喷出(v.); 健康的(adj.); 好(adv.) well16. 管/导管(n.) pipe17. 百万(n.) million;百万富翁(n.) millionaire数词+million(单数)+名词复数 “几百万的”millions of+名词复数 “数以百万的”18. 事件/大事/(体育)赛事(n.) event19. 民族/国家/国民(n.) nation;国家的(a.) national国籍/民族(n.) nationality;国际的(adj.) international20. 运河/水道(n.) canal;21. 蒸汽/水汽(n.) steam22. 污垢/泥土(n.) dirt; 脏的(adj.) dirty23. 苦难/痛苦(n.) suffering; (vt. & vi.) suffer遭受(灾害)/患病suffer from24. 极度的(adj.) extreme; 极度地(adv.) extremely25. 砖/砖块(n.) brick; 26. 水坝/堰堤(n.) dam27. 轨道/足迹/痕迹(n.) track28. 无用的/无效的(adj.) useless;有用的(adj.) useful用/使用/用途(v. & n.) use;使用/用法(n.) usage29. 电/电流/电学(n.) electricity30. 灾难/灾祸(n.) disaster31. 矿/矿山/矿井(n.) mine;矿工(n.) miner32. 掩蔽(处)/避身处(n.);保护(v.) shelter躲雨 take shelter from the rain在的庇护下under the shelter of搭建避难所put up shelters33. 标题/头衔/资格(n.) title; 34. 条/棒/条状物(n.) bar35. 记者(n.) reporter;报告/报道(v.) report36. 损失/损害(n.& vt.) damage (不可数名词)37. 使惊吓/吓唬(vt.) frighten受惊的/受恐吓的(adj.) frightened令人恐惧的(adj.) frightening受到惊吓be frightened at害怕某人be frightened of sb.害怕做某事be frightened of doing sth.那个消息是令人恐惧的, 他们都吓坏了。The news was frightening and they were all frightened.38. 祝贺; (复数)贺词(n.) congratulation祝贺(vt.) congratulate因某事祝贺某人congratulate sb. on sth.(offer ones) congratulations to sb. on sth.39. 裁判员/法官(n.); 断定/判断/判决(vt.) judge判断(n.) judgement/judgment根据判断某人/某物 judge sb./sth. by/from根据判断(句首作状语) Judging by/from某人认为 as far as sb. can judge/in ones judg(e)ment通过他所说的话来判断, 他一定是一个诚实的人。Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man.40. 真诚地/真挚地(adv.) sincerely; (adj.) sincere41快车/快递(n.); 表示/表达(vt.) express表情/表达方式(n.) expression表达自己的思想感情express oneself面部表情facial expressions词语words and expressions无法形容beyond expression42要点/大纲/轮廓(n.) outline43报刊的大字标题(n.) headline44骑自行车的人(n.) cyclist;骑自行车(v.) cycle45. 幸存者/生还者/残存物(n.) survivor幸寸/经历之后还活着/比活得长(v.) surviveA比B活得长 A survive B/ B is survived by A46. 想像(做)某事imagine (doing) sth.想像某人做某事imagine sb./ones doing sth.47. 升起/上升(vi.) rise, rose , risen, rising上升了(幅度) rise by;上升到(结果) rise to提高/举起/饲养/筹集(资金) raise, raised, raised48. 为感到骄傲/自豪 be proud of高兴做某事/为感到高兴 be proud to do sth.49. 为了纪念 in honor of50. 对评价不高/不看重 think little of对评价很高/重视 think highly ofspeak highly of/sing high praise of51. give out发出(光/热)/分发/精疲力竭/用光(无被动)give away赠送/分发/泄露(秘密); give up放弃give in屈服/让步; give in to 向屈服give off发出(气味/光/热/声音等)52. cut across 穿过/横穿/走捷径cut up 切碎; cut down 减少; cut in 插嘴cut off 切断供应/与隔绝53. 乐意做某事be pleased/willing/ready to do sth.54. 在户外in the open air; 55. 像往常一样as usual56. 代替/而不是(介词短语, 作状语) instead of57. 作演讲give a speechM1U5:1. 质量U/品质/性质C quality; 数量(n.) quantity质量好/差be of high/poor quality高质量的生活a life of high quality2. 积极的/活跃的(adj.) active;(adv.) actively活动(n.) activity;行动(n.) action采取行动take action; 在方面积极 be active in积极参加某事 take an active part in sth.在中起重要作用play an important part in1) 尽管他年纪大了, 他仍积极参加体育锻炼。Even though he is old, he is still active in physical training.2) 她积极参加社会活动。He takes an active part in social activities.3. 献身/致力于/专心(vt.) devote (与介词to连用)忠实的/深爱的(adj.) devoted; 奉献/忠诚(n.) devotion致力于/献身于 devote oneself to (doing) sth. be devoted to (doing) sth.1) 致力于帮助他人,他毕生精力用于挽救患者生命。Devoted to helping others, he devoted his life to saving his patients. = Devoting himself to helping others, he was devoted to saving his patients.归纳: to是介词, 后接名词或动名词的短语如下:look forward to 盼望; get down to着手做lead to 导致/通向; belong to 属于pay attention to注意; object to 反对be/get used/accustomed to习惯于1) 我习惯于早起。Im used to getting up early.4. 失业(状态) (be) out of work = (be) out of a job失去工作(动作)lose ones job (lose, lost, lost)上气不接下气(be) out of breath;过时的out of date失去控制out of control; 出故障/有毛病out of order毫无疑问out of question; 不可能out of the question看不见out of sight;心不在焉out of mind够不着out of reach;某人够不着out of ones reach不在原来的位置/不得体/不恰当out of place5. 投票/选举(vt. & vi); 投票/选票/表决(n.) vote投票赞成 vote for; 投票反对 vote against投票表决某事vote on sth.6. 进攻/攻击/抨击(vt.& n.) attack遭到袭击/攻击 (be) under attack7. 事实上/实际上as a matter of fact/in fact8. 相等的/平等的(adj.) equal;(adv.) equally等于/和平等/胜任 be equal to (doing) sth.A在方面比得上B /与B相匹敌A equal(s) B in1) 人人生来平等。All men are born equal. (作状语)2) 比尔经营这家公司能够胜任。Bill is equal to running the company.3) 我们和他们同样有经验。We are equal to/equal them in experience.9. 处于困境(状态) be in trouble陷入困境(动作)get into trouble摆脱困境(动作) get out of trouble摆脱困境(状态) be out of trouble处于危险中(状态) be in danger脱离危险(状态)be out of danger做某事有困难have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.在某方面有困难have trouble with sth.不辞辛劳做某事take the trouble to do sth.自找麻烦/自寻烦恼ask for trouble惹事生非/制造麻烦make trouble/cause trouble10. 求助于/转向/翻到(某页)/查阅 turn to向某人求助turn to sb. for help查词典 turn to a dictionarylook up a word in a dictionary打开turn on; 关上turn off出现/调高声音turn up; 拒绝/调低声音turn down上交turn in; 翻转/翻身turn over结果是/证明是(不用被动) turn out (to be)11. 丧失勇气或信心lose heart爱上 lose ones heart to全心全意地heart and soul; 牢记.learn sth. by heart对全力以赴/专心于 put ones heart into12. 逃脱(n.); 逃脱/泄露(vi.); 逃脱/逃避(vt.) escape从逃跑/逃脱escape from逃避做某事escape doing sth.逃脱惩罚escape punishment/escape being punished某事被某人忘记Sth. escape(s) sb.九死一生have a narrow escape1) 我记不起她的名字了。Her name escaped me.13. 教育/训练(vt.) educate;教育(n.) education教育者(n.) educator;受过教育的(adj.) educated受过良好教育的be well educated14. 当权/上台(动作) come to power执政/掌权(状态) be in power在某人的能力范围内within/in ones power超出某人的能力范围beyond/out of ones power15. 请求/乞求(vi.) beg, begged, begged, begging向某人乞求某物beg sb. for sth./beg sth. from sb.恳求(某人)做某事beg (sb.) to do sth.请原谅。/请再说一遍。I beg your pardon?16. 报酬/奖金(n.); 酬劳/奖赏(vt.) reward作为对某事的报酬/奖赏 as a reward forin return for/ in reward for因(做)某事酬谢某人reward sb. for (doing) sth.用某物酬谢某人reward sb. with sth.得到的报酬be rewarded by辨析: reward/prize/awardreward (n.) 回报/酬金, 指钱或物; (v.) 报答/酬谢prize (n.) 获几等奖或获奖金额award (n.) 奖品/奖金; (v.) 授予/颁发/判给17. 设立/建立/竖立/搭起set up搭起/张贴put up;出现/露面show up写下/记下set down; 把放在一边/留出set aside出发/动身set out; 出发/使爆炸/引起set off出发去某地set out for sp./set off for sp.开始做某事set out to do sth./set about doing sth.18. 句子(n.); 判决/宣判(vt.) sentence判处某人死刑sentence sb. to death叛处某人入狱五年sentence sb. to 5 years in prison判处某人终身监禁sentence sb. to prison for life被判处(徒刑)be sentenced to19. 意见/看法/主张(n.) opinion在我看来in my opinion/in my view/in my eyesas far as I am concerned/from my point of view20. 想要(v.); 吝啬的/自私的/卑鄙的(adj.) mean意义/意图/含义(n.) meaning有意义的/意味深长的(adj.) meaningful对某人在某方面吝啬be mean to sb. with sth.打算做某事mean to do sth.意味着做某事mean doing sth.1) 我没想伤害你的感情。I didnt mean to hurt your feelings.2) 在伦敦的一些地方, 错过一班车意味着再等一个小时。 In some places of London, missing a bus means waiting for another hour21. 慷慨的/大方的(adj.) generous对某人在某方面慷慨be generous to sb. with sth.某人做某事真是大方。It is generous of sb. to do sth.22. 自我/自身(n.) self; 自私的(adj.) selfish无私的/忘我的(adj.) selfless; 无私地(adv.) selflessly23. 建立/建设(vt.) found, founded, founded找到/发现/认为(v.) find, found, found24. 共和国/共和政体(n.) republic25. 法则/原则/原理(n.) principle违背某人的原则against ones principle(s)原则问题a matter of principle26. 和平的/平静的/安宁的(adj.) peaceful和平/平静/安宁(n.) peace用和平方式in a peaceful way27. 人类(n.) mankind28. 律师(n.) lawyer; 法律(n.) law29. 指导/领导(n.) guidance; 指导(v.);导游(n.) guide就某事给某人提供指导offer guidance to sb. on sth.在某人的指导下under the guidance of sb. under sb.s guidance30. 法律的/依照法律的(adj.) legal非法的/违法的(adj.) illegal31. 费(会费、学费等)/酬金(n.) fee(交通工具)票价/车(船)费(n.) fare付学费pay the school fees; 付车费pay the bus fare32. 怀有希望的/有希望的(adj.) hopeful绝望的/无望的(adj.) hopeless有益的/有帮助的(adj.) helpful无助的/无用的(adj.) helpless对充满希望 be hopeful about sth.33. 青年/青年时期(n.) youth34. 同盟/联盟/联合会(n.) league青年团the Youth League35. 舞台/阶段/时期(n.) stage36. 暴力/暴行(n.) violence暴力的/激烈的/极端的(adj.) violent以暴治暴answer violence with violence37. 使充气/爆炸blow up (blow, blew, blown)38. 乐意的/自愿的(adj.) willing不愿意的/不情愿的/勉强的(adj.) unwilling乐意/愿意做某事be willing to do sth.愿意让某人做某事be willing for sb. to do sth.39. 不公正的/不公平的(adj.) unfair公正的/公平的(adj.) fair40. 毛毯/毯子(n.) blanket41. 亲戚/家属(n.) relative;关系(n.) relationship42恐怖/可怕的人/恐怖时期/恐怖活动(n.) terror恐怖主义(n.) terrorism;恐怖分子(n.) terrorist43. 残忍/残酷(n.) cruelty;残忍的(adj.) cruel对某人残忍be cruel to sb.某人做很残