with_的用法.docx

with的用法一with表拥有某物Marymarriedamanwithalotofmoney.马莉嫁给了一个有着很多钱的男人Ioftendreamofabighousewithanicegarden.我经常梦想有一个带花园的大房子。Theoldmanlivedwithalittledogonthelonelyisland.这个老人和一条小狗住在荒岛上。二、with表用某种工具或手段Icuttheapplewithasharpknife.我用一把锋利的刀削苹果。Tomdrewthepicturewithapencil.汤母用铅笔画画。三、with表人与人之间的协同关系makefriendswithsbtalkwithsbquarrelwithsbstrugglewithsbfightwithsbplaywithsbworkwithsbcooperatewithsbIhavebeenfriendswithTomfortenyearssinceweworkedwitheachother,andIhaveneverquarreledwithhim.自从我们一起工作以来，我和汤母已经是十年的朋友了，但我们从没有吵过架。四、with表原因或理由Johnwasinbedwithhighfever.约翰因发烧卧床。Hejumpedupwithjoy.他因高兴跳起来。Fatherisoftenexcitedwithwine.父亲常因白酒变得兴奋。五、with表“带来”，或“带有,具有”，在身上，在身边之意Thegirlwithgoldenhairlooksbeautiful.那个金头发的女孩看起来漂亮。Thefamousdirectorwillcometothemeetingwiththeleadingactorandactress.那个有名的导演将带着男女主角来到会场。Astormwithahurricanehascomeontoitsway.带有飓风的风暴要来了。Doyouhavemoneywithyou.身上带着钱吗？Taketheumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.随身带伞，以防下雨。六、with表想法，信念，态度与一致Iagreewithyouonhowtodealwithit.关于此事如何处理，我同意你的看法。Ibelievewiththeheadmasterthatagoodteachershouldnotonlyteachastudentwhattolearnbutalsohowtolearnit.我相信校长所说，一个好老师不但教学生学什么，而且应教学生怎么去学。七、with表示让步,“虽有,尽管”Withallhismoneyandfame,heisnothappy.有着钱和名誉，他还是不快乐。Withgoodteachersandwarmheartedclassmates,thenewcomerfeelslonely.虽有着好老师和热心的同学，这个新来的还是感觉孤独。八、with表同时，或同一方向，“随着”Thetemperatureofcold-bloodedanimalschangewiththetemperatureofthesurroundings.冷血动物的体温随着周围的环境的改变而变化。Thebigshipissailingwiththewind.这个大船正随风向航行。Andwiththelastwords,sheturnedaway.随着最后一句话说完，他转身离开了。九、with的复合结构表行为方式或伴随情况1、with+n./pron.+adj.Helefttheroomwiththedooropen.门开着，他就离开了屋子。Donttalkwithyourmousefull.嘴里满是东西，不要说话。2、with+n/pron+adv.Withtheradioon, grandmasleptdeeplyinthechair.收音机开者，奶奶在椅子里沉沉的睡着。WithTomaway,Ialwaysfeel lonely.汤母不在，我一直感觉孤独。3、with+n/pron+doneThefellowstoodtherewithhishandscrossed.这个家伙两手交叉，站在那里。Thepeasantshaveagoodharvestwithallthecropsgotin.庄稼都收割了，农民们有了一个好收成。4、with+n/pron+todoWiththisbooktohelpyou,youcanfinishyourworkassoonaspossible.有这本书来帮忙，你能尽快完成工作。Withsomanyproblemstosettle,thenewmanagerwastooworriedtoeatanything.有着太多问题去处理，新经理担忧的吃不下任何东西。5、with+n/pron+nTheoldmanlooksdownuponeveryone,withhissonchairmanofthe伴company.因为他儿子是公司的主席，这个老头瞧不起任何人。Hewastakentohospitalwithhislegsamassofbleedingflesh.他被抬到医院，他的腿血肉模糊。6、with+n/pron+介词短语Themanleftthemeetingwithabookinhishand.这个男人手里拿着书离开了会议。Thewomanwithadiamondnecklacearoundtheneckmustbewealthy.那个脖子上带项链的女人一定很有钱。十、with其他用法主要出现在一些常用词和习语中，记住其特定含义即可。ItisalongtimenottogetintouchwithTom.很长时间没有和汤母取得联系了。Downwithimperialism.打倒帝国主义。with+宾语+宾语补足语 是一个十分有用的结构，具体地说，它有以下几种类型： 1. with+宾语+形容词 He often sleeps with the windows open. 他常开着窗睡觉。 Don t speak with your mouth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说“with+宾语+宾语补足语”是一个十分有用的结构，具体地说，它有以下几种类型：1. with+宾语+形容词He often sleeps with the windows open. 他常开着窗睡觉。Dont speak with your mouth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。2. with宾语副词He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低着头站在老师面前。He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。3. with宾语名词He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl. 他去世时，女儿还是个小学生。4. with宾语介词短语She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含着眼泪说了声再见。He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他头枕着胳膊睡着了。5. with宾语现在分词(短语)He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。I wont be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。6. with宾语过去分词(短语)He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿(from )。All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。7. with宾语不定式(短语)I cant go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。With so many people to help us, we are sure to finish it in time. 有这么多人帮忙，我们一定能按时完成。with+宾语+宾语补足语 , 也可以认为是一种独立主格结构，整个结构在句中作定语或状语.1. with + 宾语 + 介词短语 A woman got on the bus with a baby around her arms. 2. with + 宾语 + 不定式With a lot of things to deal with, he will have a difficult time3. with + 宾语 + 副词 （ 表状态 ）He left the office with the lights on. 4. with + 宾语 + 现在分词With the boy leading the way, we had no difficulty in finding the place.5. with + 宾语 + 过去分词With a lot of work undone, I cannot go out with you.6. with + 宾语 + 形容词I cannot fall asleep with the door open.with+复合宾语的用法一、 with的复合结构的构成二、 所谓with的复合结构即是with+复合宾语也即with +宾语+宾语补足语的结构。其中的宾语一般由名词充当(有时也可由代词充当)；而宾语补足语则是根据具体的需要由形容词，副词、介词短语，分词短语(包括现在分词和过去分词)及不定式短语充当。下面结合例句就这一结构加以具体的说明。三、 1、with +宾语 +形容词作宾补四、 He slept well with all the windows open.(82年高考题)上面句子中形容词open作with 的宾词all the windows的补足语，Its impolite to talk with your mouth full of food.形容词短语full of food作宾补。Dont sleep with the window open in winter2、with+宾语+副词作宾补with John away, we have got more room.He was lying in bed with all his clothes on.Her baby is used to sleeping with the light on.句中的on是副词，作宾语the light的补足语。The boy cant play with his father in.句中的副词in作宾补。3、with+宾语+介词短语。we sat on the grass with our backs to the wall.his wife came down the stairs,with her baby in her arms.They stood with their arms round each other.With tears of joy in her eyes ,she saw her daughter married.She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides.句中介词短语on both sides作宾语 red flowersandgreen grass的宾补，There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.，介词短语in front of them作宾补。 4、with+宾词+分词(短语这一结构中作宾补用的分词有两种，一是现在分词，二是过去分词，一般来说，当分词所表示的动作跟其前面 的宾语之间存在主动关系则用现在分词，若是被动关系，则用过去分词。In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.(高一第十课)，句中用现在分词pointing at.作宾语your feet的补足语，是因它们之间存在主动关系，或者说point这一动作是your feet发出的。All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.She sat with her head bent.She did not answer, with her eyes still fixed on the wall.The day was bright,with a fresh breeze(微风）blowing.I wont be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.With winter coming on,it is time to buy warm clothes. He soon fell asleep with the light still burning.From space the earth looks like ahuge water covered globe,with a few patches of land stuking out above the water而在下面句子中因with的宾语跟其宾补之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补：The murderer was brought in ,with his hands tied back.(91年高考题)。但当with的复合结构中语是表示人体部位名称的名词时，作宾补用的分词是现在分词是过去分词，则应视这 一动词而定。一般来说，若此动词是及物动词则用其过去分词形式，若是不及物动词，则用其现在分词形式。 An old man was lying there with his eyes shut.此句中shut是及物动词，故用其过去分词He lay on his back with his eyes looking straight up wards.look为不及物动词，故用现在分词。5、with+宾语+不定式短语。 I cant go out with you, with much homework to be done.句中的宾补由to be done这一不定式的被动结构充当，表示do这一动作的将来含义或未完成之意，用其被动态则说明其与宾语之间存在被动关系。With five minutes to go before the last train left,we arrived.I cant go out with all these dishes to wash.So in the afternoon, with nothing to do, I went around the school.With such an experienced teacher to teach us English,we are very happy.6,with+宾语+名词He died in the battle with his son only a ten-month-old baby.二、with的复合结构的用法1，在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件 She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）With the meal over ， we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。） The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语）He could finish it with me to help him.（with+代词 +不定式，作条件状语）She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词 ，作伴随状语）With nothing left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.（with+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）2，With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如：From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water. A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.Do you know the woman with a gold necklace around her neck?三，几点说明。1，without +宾语+宾语补足语是with +宾语+宾语补足语结构的另一表现形式。He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语）Without anything left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.(高二22课）（without+代词+现在分词，作为伴随状语）Without anyone noticing ，I slipped out of the room.（without+代词+现在分词，作为伴随状语）Without a word more spoken，he went back home2, with的复合结构与独立主格结构的关系： 把with的复合结构中的介词with去掉，即构成独立主格结构。其结构为名词（代词）+现在分词、过去分词；例如;The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了，我们开始放假。 The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.=If weather permits,we are going to visit you tomorrow.天气允许，我们明天去看你。 This done, we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。The door of the room being open，we looked inIt being Sunday（As its Sunday），we had no class由于是星期天，我们没有课The duty completed，he had three days leaveThe manager sat quietly in the office, (his ) eyes closed。经理静静地坐在办公室里，双目紧闭。There being nothing else to do, we left。 由于没有其它事情可做，我们离开了He guiding her, they went across the street。他引着他，两个人穿过那条街。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home。 =Because the last bus had gone, we had to walk home。 由于末班车已开走，我们只得步行回家All things considered, the price would be reasonable。If all things considered, the price would be reasonable。通盘考虑的话，价格是合理的。More time given, we could have done it better。= If more time had been given to us, we could have done it better。假如给我们更多时间的话，我们可能做的更好The clock having struck ten，they said good night and parted已经十点钟了，他们互道晚安分手了。 名词（代词）+形容词；The largest collection even found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies，all of them over 600 years old（英格兰发现的最大一堆硬币是20万枚银制的便士，它们全都是600年前制作 的。）句中all of them over 600 years old是独立主格结构，可改为：and all of them were over 600 years old并列分句；或all of which were over 600 years old非限制性定语从句。(高二22课） He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻得红通通的 The boy，his face red，said nothing名词（代词）+副词；The class over，the students left the class room in twos and threesBreakfast over，he went to the classroomWhen breakfast was over，he went to the classroomHe put on his socks wrong, side out。 他穿上袜子，反面朝上。名词（代词）+不定式；A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his girdle, and so on。 许多官员尾随皇帝之后，有的拎着皇帝的衣袍，有的则给他整腰带等。（some to hold.和others to adjust.为不定式独立主格结构）Here are the first two volumes，the third one to come out next month这儿是头两卷，第三卷下个月出版。 The two girls said good-bye to each other，one to go home，the other to go to her friends 两个女孩说声再见后，一个回家，另一个去朋友家。名词（代词） +介词短语。He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆 He went off, gun in hand。 他手里拿着枪离开了注意: 独立主格结构使用介词的问题： 当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制。例如：A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. （hand前不能加his）劫匪冲进房间，手里拿着刀。 He came into the classroom with a book in his hand。 =He came into the classroom, book in hand。 他手里拿着一本书走进教室。2, with的复合结构与独立主格结构的关系： 把with的复合结构中的介词with去掉，即构成独立主格结构。其结构为名词（代词）+现在分词、过去分词；例如;The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了，我们开始放假。 The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.=If weather permits,we are going to visit you tomorrow.天气允许，我们明天去看你。 This done, we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。The door of the room being open，we looked inIt being Sunday（As its Sunday），we had no class由于是星期天，我们没有课The duty completed，he had three days leaveThe manager sat quietly in the office, (his ) eyes closed。经理静静地坐在办公室里，双目紧闭。There being nothing else to do, we left。 由于没有其它事情可做，我们离开了He guiding her, they went across the street。他引着他，两个人穿过那条街。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home。 =Because the last bus had gone, we had to walk home。 由于末班车已开走，我们只得步行回家All things considered, the price would be reasonable。If all things considered, the price would be reasonable。通盘考虑的话，价格是合理的。More time given, we could have done it better。= If more time had been given to us, we could have done it better。假如给我们更多时间的话，我们可能做的更好The clock having struck ten，they said good night and parted已经十点钟了，他们互道晚安分手了。 名词（代词）+形容词；The largest collection even found in England