乾隆皇帝 蒋志强.docx

The Qianlong emperor Hongli in qing (1711-1799) dynasty, was the fourth son of Yongzheng. He had put the qing dynasty to its peak, however, at the same time, also had brought it to the bottom. And he played an important role in the process of China in the 18th century.Hong li was the fourth child of Yongzheng emperor, and was born in Kangxi fifty years (in 1711) in yongqin palace of prince. Hongli become the emperor in Yongzheng 13 years(1735),and changed the reign title into Qianlong.Hong li was talented in youth, and preferred by KangXi. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Hongli was made prince secretly, and after eleven years he had a chance to be the prince of the Heshuobao prince(和硕宝亲王）, and started to participate in the military and priority.Yongzheng emperor died in Yongzheng thirteen years (1735), and Hongli took the place of his father becoming the new emperor of China. At that time, he was standing at the highest point of the Chinese society, so he began to display his great ambitions.Qianlong corrected the shortcomings of the strict management his grandfather used in politics and the loose policies and strict politics were both put into use, whats more, he had cleaned up the government, standardized system of various laws. When it comes to politics, there are the following things.First of all, he attaches great importance to the official selection, he stressed that officials should be young, and over the age of 55 officials should be identified carefully, and officials over the age of sixty-five should be decided by him whether the officials had the ability to continue to work. He also divided incompetent officials into several categories: old age, illness, impetuous, wit- less, weakness, greed, and so on, and gave different treatment towards them. To the contrast, scholars were given special treatment. And people who were punished at Yongzheng period were placated. In economic, Qianlong rewarded land reclamation, and built water conservancy project. At that time the both of these positive actions made the whole country display a prosperous scene.In Qianlong period, the dropped or disposed officials amounted to more than sixty thousand people because of the unqualified appraisal.Second, Qianlong also banned that others pay tribute to him, to be specific, in the mid-term he banned the provincial official pay tribute to him(禁止向他进贡). The third, he paid attention to merit of professional performance, in order to clean up the bureaucracy, Hong li used examines of jingcha, daji(大计) carefully and examed officials Including the officials that were not assessed in the past strictly.He also ordered someone on purpose to tell him whether officials were qualified secretly.At the same time, he paid attention to solve the problems officials and their families had. He increased the officers compensation, and gave special money to the official who was sent out, which made the official outside had an opposite attitude towards his job. .Fifth, he punished the corrupt officials.Its a pity that both of these actions were put into use only in the early to mid-period in Qianlong which was the most dynamic and blessed by the posterity when the Qianlong was in power. And in the late period, bad policy continuously be introduced and the political was corruption which covered a shadow on the brilliant life of Qianlong. The reasons of this was that Qianlong relied on corrupt officials like Minzhong, ho-shen and so on, -especially the corrupt official ho-shen.Qianlong emperor was also talented in literature, and he had written many poetries which was up to more than forty-two thousand, almost be equal to the full collection of Tang Poems. Qianlong attached great importance to the collections and sorting of classics of cultural relics. Emperor Qianlongs most outstanding achievement in culture was collecting books nationwide, compiling the famous book which is known as 四库全书. To the contrast, however, he launched the literary inquisition, burning down many important cultural ancient books in the history of Chinese, which was a black mark on the management of him in culture. Besides, Qianlong emperor had a preference of travel. He had gone to jiangnan six times, and met the lead of northwestern minority many times in the Imperial Mountain Summer Resort, all of these measures played an important role of the development of economy, consolidating power, and winning peace.Its a pity that the eyesight of Qianlong emperor was just limited in China in his life. And he didnt think highly of the developing science culture in European countries.Qianlong had been in power for about 60 years, and had control the country for another 3