广东省深圳市中考英语 主谓一致课件.ppt

revision 概念 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致 主谓一致三原则 语法一致原则 指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系 主语为单数形式 谓语动词用单数形式 反之 谓语动词用复数形式 tomisagoodstudent theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground 意义一致原则 指谓语动词的单 复数要取决于主语所表达的概念 而不取决于表面上的语法标记 指主语形式上为单数 但意义为复数 因此谓语动词用复数形式 或主语形式上为复数 但表示单数意义 这是谓语动词用单数形式 myfamilyarehavinglunchnow twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook 就近一致原则 指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时 谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致 notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk 提示 一般说来 究竟何时采用何种原则 应视英语习惯用法而定 但在实际使用中 如果对上述三种原则捉摸不定时 遵循语法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥的方法 名词作主语 1 单数名词 不可数名词作主语时 谓语用单数形式 复数名词作主语 谓语用复数形式 thedeskistom s somewaterisinthebottle thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground 2 某些集体名词 如family team club class public group等作主语时 如果作为一个整体看待 谓语动词用单数形式 如果就其中一个个成员而言 谓语动词用复数形式 hisfamilyisahappyone thewholefamilyarewatchingtv 3 某些集体名词 如people police clothes等 只当复数看待 谓语动词必须用复数 thepolicearesearchingforthethief 4 单 复数同形的名词如sheep deer fish chinese japanese主语时 谓语动词应根据意义决定单 复数 asheepisoverthere somesheepareoverthere 5 名词所有格之后的名词被省略 这种情况一般只指商店 工厂 住宅等 作主语时 动词一般用单数 thedoctor sisacrossthestreet myuncle sisnotfarfromhere 常见的省略名词有 thebaker s 面包房 thebarber s 理发店 thezhang s 张家 等 注 the 姓氏名词的复数形式则表示一家人 thegreensarehavingbreakfastnow 6 表示成双成套的名词作主语时 谓语动词通常用复数形式 例如 glasses shoes chopsticks pants等 thepantsaremine myglassesareonthetable 但如果主语用 akindof apairof aseriesof等加名词 构成时 谓语动词一般用单数形式 apairofshoeswasunderthedesk twopairsofshoeswereunderthedesk 7 当表示国家 城市 人名 书名 报纸 杂志 及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时 作为整体 谓语动词用单数形式 theunitedstatesliesinnorthamerica 8 news maths physics politics等词貌似复数 实为单数 其谓语动词用单数 nonewsisgoodnews mathsisverypopularinourclass 连接词连接的名词作主语 1 用and或both and连接并列主语 谓语动词通常用复数形式 plasticsandrubberneverrot walkingandridingaregoodexercises 例thewriterandteacheriscoming thewriterandtheteacherarecoming 注 a 并列主语如果指的是同一个人 同一事物或同一概念时 谓语动词用单数形式 否则 用复数 这种情况常有两种结构形式 a n and n 指的是同一个人或物 a n and a n 指两个人或物 b 由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each every 等修饰时 结构是each every n and each every n 其谓语动词要用单数形式 2 当主语后面跟有aswellas alongwith with like togetherwith but except besides including 等引导的词组时 其谓语动词的单 复数由前面的主语而定 1 theteacheraswellasthestudentswasreadinginthelibrary 2 thewomenwithtwochildrenismyaunt 3 mike likehisbrother enjoysplayingfootball 4 thestudents includingtheirteacher aregoingtothebraveman 5 nobodyexceptmr liandmrs lilikessoprts 6 mr libesideshissonslikessports 3 以either or neither nor notonly butalso not but等连接的名词 代词 作主语时 谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则 eitheryouorheistogo notonebutallofusarehopingtobethere 4 therebe结构 依据就近一致原则 thereisabook twopensonthedesk therearetwopens abookinthedesk 代词作主语 1 名词性物主代词作主语时 既可以用作单数 也可以用作复数 这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数 ours ourparty isagreatparty yourshoesareblack andmine myshoes arebrown 2 关系代词who that which等在定语从句中作主语时 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致 thosewhowanttogopleaseputupyourhands someoftheenergythatisusedbymancomesfromthesun 3 疑问代词作主语时 其谓语动词也有两种情况 主语表示复数意义 谓语动词用复数 主语表示单数意义 则谓语动词用单数 whoisyourbrother whoareleaguemembers 1 herearetwonovels oneiswritteninenglish theotherisinchinese 2 iseveryoneheretoday 3 somethingiswrongwithhim 4 noneofthemhasseenthefilm 5 eitheroftheboysisready 6 neitherofthesewordsiscorrect 7 eachofthepenscoststhreedollars 8 nobodywasin 4 不定代词somebody someone something anybody anything everybody everyone everything nobody noone nothing either neither each theother another作主语 谓语动词用单数 分数和量词作主语 1 由 alotof lotsof plentyof allof mostof someof halfof a partof restof 构成的短语作主语时 其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致 1 lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire lotsofstudentsarewaitingoutside 2 allofthefoodisready alloftheworkersareworking 3 partoftheworkhasbeendonebyus partofthestudentshavegone 2 表示数量的oneandahalf后 名词要用复数形式 但是其短语作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable 3 表示时间 价格 度量 距离 金额 书名 重量 数目 长度 数学运算等的词或短语作主语时 这些通常作一个整体概念 谓语用单数形式 1 twomonthsisalongholiday 2 twentypoundsisn tsoheavy 3 tenmilesisn talongdistance 4 fiveminusfourisone 5 thearabiannightisabookknowntoloversofenglish 4 分数 百分数 of 名词做主语时 谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数 tenpercentoftheappleswerebad 注意 population一词 用作整体时 谓语动词用单数 用其部分做主语时 谓语动词形式用复数 thepopulationofchinais13 6billionand70 ofthepopulationarepeasants 5 anumberof后面加复数名词或代词 其动词用复数形式 但thenumberof后面加复数名词或代词时 其谓语用单数 thenumberoftheteachersinno 2middleschoolisover100 anumberofthemareyoung 名词化的形容词作主语 如果主语由 the 形容词 结构担任表示一类人或物时 谓语通常用复数 这类词有 thepoor therich theblind theyoung theold thesick thedead thedeafanddumb therichoftenhelpthepoor 从句 动词不定式 动名词作主语 1 由what引导的主语从句 谓语动词通常用单数 但所指的具体内容是复数意义时 谓语动词一般用复数形式 whatweneedismoretime whatweneedaredoctors 2 动词不定式 动名词作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 toseeistobelievedoingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes 2 在定语从句中主语是关系代词who that which 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致 注意 在 oneof 复数名词 who that which 引导的定语从句中 从句谓语的单复数取决于one前是否有the only thevery 如果有 从句的谓语动词用单数 如没有theonly 就用复数形式 1 thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthathavebeenasked 2 hewastheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaslateforschool practice 1 eachofthestudents adictionary a haveb isc ared has2 howtimeflies tenyears passed a haveb hasc isd are3 notonlyhisparentsbutalsohisbrother tothesummerpalace theyhaven tbeenback a havebeenb havegonec hasbeend hasgone4 look there playingwiththetouristsondahesquarea areanumberofdeerb areanumberofdeersc isanumberofdeerd isanumberofdeers d b d a 5 thesmiths sendinge mails letters becauseitisfaster a prefer towritingb prefer towritec prefers towritingd prefers towrite6 everyoneexceptbillandjim therewhenthemeetingbegan a wasb isc ared were7 eitherjaneorsteven watchingtvnow a wereb isc ared was8 theolympicgames heldevery years a is fourb are fourc is fived are five a a b b 9 look herecomesome a dogb horsec deerd cow10 itisnotj k rowlingbutherworksthat usexcited a makesb ismadec maked aremade11 eachmanandeachwoman askedtohelpwhenthefirebrokeout a isb wasc ared were12 about60percentofthestudents fromthesouth therestofthem fromthenorthandforeigncountries a are isb is isc is ared are are13 theysaidtheeighteenthandlastlesson quiteeasy a isb wasc ared were c c b d b 14 whenareyougoingtokummingforyourholidays ihaven tdecided thissunday nextsundayisok a both andb either orc neither nord notonly butalso15 helen joanspeaksbeautifulchineseaftertheycametochina a neither norb notonly butalsoc both andd aandb16 thepaperforbooksandnewpapers madeofwood a areb isc hasd have17 ofthemhashisownopinion a bothb somec everyd each b d b d 18 notonlymybrotherbutalsoi goodatpainting bothofus goodpainters a are areb am arec is isd are is19 one thirdofthearea coveredwithgreentrees aboutseventypercentofthetrees beenplanted a are haveb is hasc is haved are has20 thenumberofteachersinourcollege greatlyincreasedlastterm anumberofteachersinthisschool fromthecountryside a was isb was arec were ared were is b c b 21 allbutdick inclassthreethisterm a areb isc wered was22 whathe dlike adigitalwatch whathe dlike textbooks a are areb is isc is ared are is23 heisoneoftheboyswho hereontime heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho hereontime a hascome havecomeb havecome hascomec hascome hascomed havecome havecome24 eitheryouorhe interestedinplayingchess youorhefondofmusicatpresent a are areb is arec are isd is is a c b b 25 aknifeandafork onthetable aknifeandfork onthetable a is isb are arec are isd is are26 herfamily muchlargerthanminefouryearsago herfamily dancingandsingingwhenicameinlastnight a were wasb was we