初中时态和过去式变化.doc

2011年中考英语时态和过去式变化1、一般过去式： 构成：主语+ was/were (肯定形式) 主语+ was/were + not （否定形式） was/were +主语 (疑问形式) 简单回答：Yes, I was. / No, I wasnt.用法：（1）、表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，它常常和表示过去的具体时间一起出现在句子（2）、表示过去常常或者反复发生的动作，常常和often / usually / always / never 等词连用。（可用 used to + 动词原形代替）（3）、表示虚拟语态，不可能实现的东西，例如：I wish my eyes were bigger. / If I were you 其中的“were”不变。 2、现在完成式： 构成：主语 + have（+时间）+ 动作的过去分词（P.P.）（肯定形式）主语 + have / has + not + P.P. （否定形式） have / has + 主语+P.P. （疑问形式） 用法： （1）、表示过去发生或已经完成的某一个动作对现在造成的影响或结果（无具体时间，只是过去的一个时间）。 （2）、表示过去已经开始，并持续到现在，也许还会持续下去的动作和状态，也表示一段时间。（for + 一段时间 / since + 时间点 so far / now / today 一般不用于完成式） （3）、可用在时间状语和条件状语，表示将来某时完成的动作。例句：I will go to your home when I fished my homework. 3、过去完成式： 构成：had + 动词过去分词（肯定句） had + not + P.P.（否定句） had + 主语+ P.P. （疑问句） 用法： （1）、表示在过去某个时间或某个动作之前，已经发生或完成的动作，这一过去时间，常用下面这几种方式：用by , at , before 等构成的短语。例句： At the age of 6, she had learnt violin. “ when ”、“ before ”引导的从句要用过去完成式。 （2）、表示过去某一时间开始并持续到另一时间的动作或状态，往往和“for”、“since”引导的，表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。 例句：He had learnt Chinese for two years before him came Chinese. / We had not seen each other since he left China. （3）、用在宾语从句之中。例句： He said that , he had made a lot of money . / He found that , hes house had been broken .4、动词现在式 过去式 过去分词 （规则变化）（1）、直接加ed （2）、以辅音字母结尾，前面只有一个元音字母，双写辅音字母，再加ed 。（3）、以“y”结尾，去“y”加ied。（4）、以“e”结尾，直接加d 。动词现在式 动词过去式 动词过去分词 （不规则变化表）动词现在式动词过去式过去分词动词现在式动词过去式过去分词 beWas / were Been Begin Began Begun Blow Blew Blown Break Broke brokenChoose Chose Chosen Do Did Done Draw Drew Drawn Drink Drank Drunk Drive Drove Driven Eat ateEatenFall Fell Fallen Fly flewflownForget Forgot Forgotten Freeze frozefrozenGive Gave Given Go Went Gone Grow Grew Grown Hide Hid Hidden Know Knew Known Lie Lay Laid Mistake Mistook Mistaken Ride Rode Ridden Ring Rang Rung Rise Rose Risen See Saw Seen Show Showed Shown Sing Sang Sung Sink Sank Sunk Speak Spoke Spoken Steal Stole Stolen Swim Swam Swum Take Took Taken Throw Threw Thrown Wake Woke Waken WearWore Worn Write Wrote Written 动词现在式动词过去式过去分词动词现在式动词过去式过去分词Bring Brought Brought Dig DugDug Get Got Got Hang Hung Hung Hold Held Held Say Said Said Sell Sold Sold Sit Sat Sat Build Built Built Buy Bought Bought Catch Caught Caught Find Found Found Have Had Had Hear Heard Heard Lay Laid Laid Lay Laid Laid Lend Lent Lent Make Made Made Send Sent Sent Shine Shone Shone Spend Spent Spent Stand Stood Stood Tell Told Told Understand Understood Understood Win Won Won Learn Learnt Learnt Mean Meant Meant Spoil Spoilt Spoilt Feel Felt Felt Keep Kept Kept Leave Left Left Lose Lost Lost Meet Met Met Sleep Slept Slept Smell Smelt Smelt Spill Spilt Spilt Spit Spat Spat Sweep Swept Swept Teach Taught Taught ThinkThought Thought 动词现在式动词过去式过去分词动词现在式动词过去式过去分词Cost Cost Cost Cut Cut Cut Hit Hit Hit Hurt Hurt Hurt Put Put Put Let Let Let Read Read Read Set Set Set Shut Shut Shut 动词现在式动词过去式过去分词动词现在式动词过去式过去分词Beat Beat Beaten Become Became Become Come Came Come Run Ran Run Can Could May Might Shall Should Will Would 5、情态动词： （表示命令、劝告、猜测，情态动词可用于各种人称，不会随人称的变化所变化） 常见情态动词：need shall should（应该）could can would may neither注意between 和 among 的区别。 between 和 among都表示在之间，但between表示是两者之间，而among却表示是三者之间。6、被动语态： 一般现在进行式被动语态构成：主语+ am / is / are +being + P.P.一般现在式被动语态构成：主语+am / is / are + P.P. 一般过去式被动语态构成：主语+was / were +P.P.一般将来式被动语态构成：主语+shall / well + be + P.P.过去将来式被动语态构成：主语+should / would + be + P.P.现在完成式被动语态构成：主语+have / has + been +P.P.过去完成式被动语态构成：主语+had + been +P.P.7、定语从句： 用法：作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。8、特殊疑问句： 用法：由how what when where why who whom whose which 9个疑问词开头问句，都是特殊疑问句。 例句： (1)、How many children do you got ? （你有多少孩子？） (2)、What does his father do ? （他爸爸是干什么的？） (3)、When does get off the bus ? （他什么时候下车的？） (4)、Where does he live ? （他住在哪里？）（5）、Why does he have my books ? （他为什么有我的书？）（6）、Who does Mr. Greens wife? （谁是绿先生的妻子？）（7）、Which school does he go ? （他去哪个学校？）（8）、Whose book ? （谁的书？）（9）、whom did you meet in the street yesterday?9、动词原形动词比较级动词最高级 规则变化形容词原形形容词比较级形容词原形形容词最高级直接加ed 。直接加est.词尾以e结尾直接加d 。词尾以e结尾直接加st词尾有辅音结尾前面有一个元音字母，双写辅音字母再加ed 。词尾有辅音结尾前面有一个元音字母，双写辅音字母再加est 。单词以y结尾的，去y加ied 。单词以y结尾的，去y加iest 。10、过去将来完成式： 构成：主语+ should / would + have + been + P.P.用法：1、 过去将来完成时表示在过去某一时间对将来某一时刻以前所会发生的动作。2、 过去将来完成时还常用在虚拟语气中，表示与过去的事实相反。11、人称代词的用法： （1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语，例如： John waited a while but eventually he went home.（约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。） John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. （约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。）说明：在复合句中，如