重大版_英语_book4_unit2_Reading_language_points.doc

Unit 2 Animal Kingdom1.However,unless people build beehives,the only way for them to get honey is to find a wild bees nest and take the honey from it. 可是，人们若不自个儿建蜂巢，觅取蜂蜜的唯一的途径就只有去找一个野蜂窝然后再掏出里面的蜂蜜。(1)unless(=if not)除非，用于引导让步状语从句。 I wont believe you unless I see it with my own eyes.=I wont believe you if I dont see it with my own eyes. 除非亲眼所见，否则我不会信你。 Dont speak unless you are told to不要说话，除非要你说。 如果unless引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语动词含有be，此时可略去从句的主语+be，构成状语从句的省略。 I wont go to her party unless (I am )invited. 除非受到邀请，否则我不会参加你的聚会。 My baby sister never cries unless(she is )hungry.我的小妹妹从来不哭，除非是饿了(2)the way to do sth.=the way of doing sth.做某事的方法 What is the best way to clean this? =What is the best way of cleaning this? 清洁这个物品的最佳办法是什么？ There are several ways of doing it. = There are several ways to do it有几种做法。 【 归纳】与way连用的短语：all the way 一路上 by the way 顺便说问一下 no way（口语） 决不，没门儿 on one s/the way 在路上 under way 已经开始并进行着 in the way 造成不便或阻塞 one way or another用某种方式、方法等 on the way （指婴儿）已成胎但尚未出生 to my way of thinking 我认为，依我看 in a way/in one way/in some way 在某种程度上 2.The honey guide does not actually like honey,but it does like the wax in the beeshoney comb. 其实，导蜜鸟对蜂蜜本身并不感兴趣，相反，它倒是对蜂房里的蜂蜡颇为倾心。 强调谓语动词时，可以在其前加do（do有人称和时态的变化）。(1)用于陈述句表示“的确，真的”。Mary does look fine today.玛丽今天确实气色不错 Why dont you believe him? He did go there because I was with him. 你为什么不相信他说的话？他真的去那儿了，因为我和他一起（去的）。(2)用于祈使句表示“务必，一定，务请”。 Do be on time next time! 下次一定要准时。 Do wear thick clothes and strong shoes. 务必穿上厚衣服和结实的鞋。 3.The little birds cannot reach this wax,which is deep inside the beesnest.小小的导蜜鸟无法得其门而人。(1) reach1) vt &vi 延伸到某处，够得着某物 I can just about reach the apples on the top branch. 我只差一点就能够着最上边树枝上的苹果。 My feet can hardly reach the pedals. 我的脚怎么也够不着踏板。 到达（某人）那里，到达某处 Well reach York by one oclock. 我们一点半钟可以到达约克。 The rescuers reached him just in time. 救援人员及时赶到了他那里。 达成（某事物）；达到；获得 We can never reach perfection. 我们不可能做到尽善尽美。 Youll know better when you reach my age. 你到了我这样的年龄就明白多了。 for sth.；out (to sb./sth.)伸出手以触到、抓到或拿到某物 He reached for his guns.他伸手去拿枪。 We must reach out to those in need. 我们应该伸出援助之手，帮助有困难的人。2)n伸手等可达到的距离 a boxer with a long reach 出拳距离远的拳击手(比喻)非(为)某人的某事物的能力、权力、影响等所能及 Such highly-paid jobs are out of his reach. 这类报酬高的工作没有他的份儿。 The gang live abroad, beyond reach of the British police. 这帮匪徒住在国外，英国警方鞭长莫及。 3) reach的相关短语 reach for the stars 雄心壮志；野心勃勃 beyond/out of/within( ones) reach 手不能及伸手可及 The shelf is so high it is well out of/beyond my reach. 架子太高，我根本够不着。 Keep those medicines out of reach of the children /out of the childrens reach. 把那些药放在孩子够不着的地方。(2)which is deep inside the beespest是非限制性定语从句，修饰this wax。 Mum bought me a new bicycle, which I dont like at all. 妈妈给我买了一辆新自行车，我并不喜欢这辆自行车。 They think highly of the film, whose popularity I personally doubt about. 他们对那部电影的评价很高，我个人却对它的受欢迎程度持怀疑态度。4.The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. 导蜜鸟就会大声呜叫以吸引过路的动物和行人。(1)attract ones attention/interest 引起某人的注意兴趣等 I keep trying to attract the waiters attention. 我不断示意招呼服务员。 The new film has attracted a good deal of criticism.这部新电影招致许多批评。 (catch sb.s attention/eye; draw sb.s attention to sth.也表达此意） A newspaper headline caught his attention/eye. 报纸的大标题引起他的注意。 She drew my attention to an error in the report. 她要我注意报告中的一处错误。 (2) attention的相关短语1) pay attention to.注意 Please pay attention to what I am saying. 请注意（我说的话）。 2) give( ones) attention to注意，关心 You must give your full attention to what you are doing. 你必须全神贯注地做你所做的事。 He gives all his attention to his car. 你十分关心他的汽车。3) turn ones attention to 转移注意到 She turned her attention to a new problem. 她把注意力转移到一个新问题上4) fix/focus ones attention on/upon. 把注意力集中在 fix ones attention on what one is doing 全神贯注地工作 Please focus your attention on the following problem. 请集中考虑以下问题。5) bring sth. to ones attention使某人注意某事 It has been brought to my attention that I passed the exam. 我已获悉我的考试过关了5.Once it has their attention it jlies through the forest,constantly waiting for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. 一旦成功地引起了他们的注意，它便展翅往森林深处飞去，一路上它飞飞停停，引着那些被挑起了好奇必的动物或路人来到蜂巢前。(1)此句较长，句中含有once（一旦）和as（当的时候）引导的两个时间状语从句，逗号隔开的现在分词短语( constantly waiting for.)在句中作动词fly的伴随状语，表示该动词伴随fly同时发生(2) once 一旦，一就，相当于as soon as,when。 Once you understand this rule, youll have no fuIther difficulty. 一旦明白了这条规则，就再也没有困难了。 How would we cope once the money had gone? 钱一用完，我们怎么办(3) constantly waiting for.现在分词短语作状语，表伴随。 She looked into the sky, counting the stars and thinking about her late husband. 她遥望夜空，数着天上的星星，思念着已故的丈夫。 She stood there，crying for a long time. 她站在那里，哭了很久。6.Some of the honey, and the wax,always falls to the ground,and this is when the honey guide takes its share. 经常会有一些蜂蜜和蜂蜡掉落在地上，这时导蜜鸟就可以心安理得地享用自己应得的那份了。 (1) share 1) n （分享到的或贡献出的）一份 Your share of the cost is $10.你这一份费用是10美元。 Everyone who helped gets a share in the profits. 凡是帮过忙的就得到一份利润（参与、得到等的）份儿 What share did he have in their success? 在他们的成绩中他有何贡献？ You re not taking much share in the conversation. 在交谈中你没怎么说话。股份 buy/hold 500 shares in a shipping company 购买持有某航运公司的500股股份 与他人分享（利润）或分摊（费用） Let me go shares with you in the taxi fare. 我和你分摊计程车费吧。 2)vt. &vi sth.( out) among/between sb. 将某物平均分配 share the sweets among the children 把糖分给孩子们 share $100 equally between five people 把100美元平分给五个人 我和你分摊计程车费吧。 The profits are shared( out) equally among the partners. 合伙人均分利润。 sth.( with sb.)与别人分享 Lets share ( the last cake); you have half and Ill have half. 咱们分了（最后这块蛋糕）吧，你一半我一半。 He would share his last pound with me. 他要是剩下最后一镑也会和我分着用。 sth. with sb.与别人共有或合用（某物）；在（某方面）有共同之处： Theres only one bedroom，so well have to share. 只有一间卧室，我们得住在一块。 share sb.s belief，faith，optimism，etc. 与某人有共同的信念、信仰、乐观态度等 (in)sth.分推或分享某物；参与某事物 Ill share (in)the cost with you.我愿与你分摊费用。 She shared (in) my troubles as well as my joys. 她与我同甘共苦。 sth.( with sb.) 将某事告诉某人 She wont share her secret( with us). 她不肯把她的秘密告诉我们。 I want to share my news with you. 我想把我得到的消息告诉你。(2) when the honey guide takes its share是表语从句。 April is when the lilacs bloom. 四月是丁香花开的时节。 Chongqing is where I was born. 重庆是我出生的地方【归纳】表语从句： 1)表语从句大多由that引起。 My opinion is that you ought to go together. 我的意见是你们应该一块走。 The fact is that he doesnt really try. 事实是他并没有真正努力。 It seems that she is right. 好像她是对的。2)表语从句也可由whether引起。 The point is whether we ought to recommend him 问题在于我们是否应该推荐他The question is whether he will come on time. 问题是他是否能准时到来。3)表语从句还可由疑问代词、疑问副词等引导。 The question is what you want to do. 问题是你想做什么。 What I want to know is when all this happened. 我想知道的是这一切何时发生的。 The problem is who can be put in charge of the work. 问题是该让谁来负责此项工作7but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. 但导蜜鸟为了觅取蜂蜡委实是花了一番心思且不屈不挠。 determined（adj.）(to do) 有决心的；意志坚定的 a determined fighter/look/attitude 坚定的战士神情态度 Im determined to succeed. 我决心要努力获得成功。【联想】determine (v.)的用法：1)确定（某事物），决定 His future has not been determined, but he may study medicine. 他将来何去何从尚未决定，但有可能学医。 She will determine how it is to be done.她会决定这件事的做法。2)测定，找出（某未知事物）；算出 determine the meaning of a word/what a word means 确定某词的含义 determine exactly what happened 查出究竟发生了什么事determine the speed of light/how high a mountain is 测定光速山有多高3) on/upon sth.决定做某事；对某事下定决心；决心 We determined on an early start/( that) wed make an early start.我们决定早些出发。 They have determined where the new school will be built. 他们已决定在何处建校。 4)sb. against sth.使某人决定不做某事 That determined her against leaving home. 那件事使她决定不离开家了。 8.They will quickly amve whenever a local beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives 因此不管什么时候养蜂人从蜂巢里取蜂蜜，它们都会飞速赶到， whenever连词，“无论何时、每当”，引导状语从句表时间。 Whenever she comes，she brings a friend. 无论她什么时候来，她都会带个朋友来。 Ill discuss with you whenever you like. 在你愿意的时候我想跟你讨论一下【归纳】类似的连词还有：whatever，whoever，whichever，wherever，however等，都可以引导状语从句。 Keep calm，whatever happens. 无论发生什么事，都要保持冷静。 Whoever wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them Im busy. 凡是想跟我通电话的人，请转告他们我很忙。 It takes three hours，whichever route you take. 无论你走哪条线路，都要花费三个小时 I ll find him，wherever he is 无论他在哪里我都要找到他。 He will never succeed however hard he tries. 无论他怎么努力，都不会成功。 【注意】however不能单独使用，需要和它所修饰的形容词或副词连用9.If a person follows n honey guide to a nest,the bird is especially sure of getting a good share of the honeycomb. 倘若哪位路人被导蜜鸟所吸引而尾随它去找蜂巢的话，导蜜鸟十有八九都有机会美美地享受一番蜂蜡。(1) be sure of sth./doing 一定会获得某物；对（做）某事有把握（表示句子主语作出的判断） You re sure of a warm welcome. 你肯定会受到热烈的欢迎。Youre sure of passing the exam if you work hard. 如果你努力学习，你考试一定会及格的。Hes sure of living to 90. (=Hes sure that he will live t0 90.) 他有把握活到90岁。【辨析】be sure to do1)肯定要做某事，一定要做某事（表示说话人作出的判断） You re sure to fail if you do it that way. =I m sure you will fail if you do it that way. 你要是不那样做肯定要失败的。 Its sure to rain. =Im sure its going to rain.肯定要下雨The plan is sure to succeed. =Im sure the plan will succeed.这个计划肯定会成功的。2)务必做某事 Be sure to come on time.务必准时来。 Be sure to write and tell me all your news.务必写信告诉我你的消息10.Tribesmen in Africa are very grateflul to the honey guide for leading them to good sources of honey, 对导蜜鸟指点蜜源之恩，非洲部落的族人自然十分感激， (1)be grateful to sb. for sth.(=be thankful to sb. for sth.)因某事而感激某人 Im grateful to you for your help. 我很感激你的帮助。(2) be grateful that. I was grateful that