天津市武清区杨村第四中学高考英语一轮复习 语法专题六 定语从句课件 外研版.ppt

专题六定语从句 asweallknow heisharrypotter heisahandsomeboy adj 定语 theonewearingglassesisharrypotter theonewhowearsglassesisharrypotter 定语的概念 用来修饰名词 代词 句子等 在句中的作用相当于形容词 定语从句又称为形容词性从句 定语的位置 多个形容词做定语的排列顺序限定描述大长高 形状年龄与新老 颜色国籍出材料 用途类别往后靠 1 anotherthreeenglishbooks另外三本英语书2 somebeautifullittleredflowers一些美丽的小红花3 anexpensivepurplecottondress一条昂贵的紫色棉裙 一 定语从句的构成 概念 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子 harrypotterisaboywhohasmagicpower 先行词 关系词 定语从句 which who whom that whose where when why 充当主语 宾语 表语 定语 充当状语 二 关系代词 1 先行词为人时 用who作主或宾 whom作宾语 2 先行词为物或整个句子时 用which作主或宾 3 先行词为人 物时用that 作主语或宾语 4 whose用作定语 可指人或物 1 heisthemanwho thatwantstoseeyou 2 heisthemanwho whom thatisawyesterday 3 aprosperitywhich thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside 4 theluggage which that youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped 5 theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown 作宾语可省略 关系副词 when 指时间 从句中作时间状语 where 指地点 从句中作地点状语 why 指原因 从句中作原因状语 1980wastheyearwhenhewasborn ihaven tseenhimsincetheyearwhenhewentabroadtomorrowiwillgotothetownwhereiwasborn thefactorywhereiworkwillclosedown thesearethereasonswhywedoit ireallydon tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateagain 总结关系代词 先行词为人who whom that 主 宾 先行词为物which that 主 宾 先行词为人或物whose 定 关系副词有 when where why 状 如何选用定语从句的关系词 1 首先分清主句和定语从句2 确定定语从句的先行词 并放到定语从句判断其语法成分3 若先行词在从句中做主语 宾语或定语则选择关系代词若在从句中做状语 则选择关系副词 2011山东 theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses arebuiltclosetoeachother a theyb wherec whatd that 2011浙江 abankistheplace theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain a whenb thatc whered there 高频考点一关系词的选择 三 定语从句的分类限制性定语从句起修饰限制作用 非限制性定语从句只起补充附加说明作用 用逗号隔开 如果去掉 主句意思仍然清楚由which who whom whose where when 除that why 等引导 一律不许省略ihaveasisterwhoworksinabank 我有一个在银行工作的姐姐 ihaveasister whoworksinabank 我有一个姐姐 在银行工作 charlessmith whowasmyformerteacher retiredlastyear myhouse whichiboughtlastyear hasgotalovelygarden thisnovel whichihavereadthreetimes isverytouching heseemsnottohavegraspedwhatimeant whichgreatlyupsetsme 高频考点二非限制性定语从句 2011浙江 englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures eachof usesitsomewhatdifferently a whichb whatc themd those 2011江苏 betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval theaudiencecanbuyice cream a whenb wherec thatd which themeetingwasputoff wasexactlywhatweexpected a thatb wherec whichd what 四 that与which的区别 先行词必须是物 1 只用that 不用which的情况 当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 当先行词前有theonly thevery 正好 thelast all every no some any little much few等词修饰时 当先行词为anything nothing something everything all little much none theone等指物的不定代词时 当先行词既有人又有物时当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时有两个定语从句时 一个宜用which 另一个宜用that 例句 doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself youshouldhandinallthatyouhave thisistheverybusthati mwaitingfor thistrainisthelastthatwillgotosuzhou doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal 2 只用which 不用that的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时 引导词前有介词时 一个句子中若有两个定语从句 一个用that引导 另一个用which引导 e g heboughtabookthatcouldgivehimmuchknowledgeandwhichcouldhelphimtokillthetime 补充 只能用who 当those指人时并作先行词 五 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句固定两种搭配 且不能省略 介词 which指物介词 whom指人根据以下方式判断 1 谓语动词的固定搭配e g who sthetrainerwithwhomyoujustshookhands 2 先行词在从句中的成分e g i llneverforgetthedayonwhich whenijoinedtheparty 3 在非限制性定语从句中 名词 代词 of which whom表示整体与部分的关系e g theworkers someofwhomstayedforfouryears camefromdifferentcountries haveyouseenthebook thecoverofwhichisyellow 当先行词是物时 whose n the n ofwhich或ofwhich the n 如 helivesintheroomofwhichthewindowfacessouth 4 介词的位置一般位于代词前 有时也在句末e g thisistheheroweareproud thisisthepeniwrotetheletter thisistheheroweareproudof thisisthepeniwrotetheletterwith5 有时可替代为 介词 which whom todo thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive thebeggarhasnomoneythathecanbuyfoodwith thatwhowhom可省略 thatwhich可省略 ofwhom withwhich 介词的运用 1 samuelreceivedatrainingcourseindrawingforthreeyears hegotagoodopportunityforfurtherdevelopment a afterthatb afterwhichc afteritd afterthis2 guncontrolisasubject americanshavearguedforalongtime a ofwhichb withwhichc aboutwhichd intowhich 考点链接 b c 3 thehouseigrewup hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding a initb inc inthatd inwhich4 hestudiedatalocalgrammarschoolforsixyears hewentontocambridge a fromwhichb afterthatc afterwhichd fromthis b c 六 关系代词as引导限制性时 as从句的先行词必须是是thesame such 或被这两个词所修饰 固定句式such 名词 as 像 之类的thesame 名词 as 和 同样的1 wehavefoundthesamematerialsasareusedintheirfactory 2 thesehousearesoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexcepted 3 theresultwasnotsuchasheexpected 代词区别 heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikeshim 可在从句中作主语 宾语 表语可以引导限制性或非限制性 引导非限制性时 必须区分as与which的不同 as意为 正如 位置灵活 引导的从句可位于句前 句中 句末which意为 这一点 从句只能位于主句后asisknowntoeverybody themoontravelsroundtheearth 习惯用语 asweallknow asisknowntoallaswehaveexcepted asismentionedabove2 as作主语 后常接被动语态 如行为动词 beknown said reported announced excepted等shehasbeenabsentagain asisexcepted tomhasmaderapidprogress whichmakesmeveryhappy 1 mountwuyiissuchanattractiveplaceofinterest everyonelikestovisit a thatb asc whichd what2 wheneverimether wasfairlyoften shegreetedmewithasweetsmile a whob thatc asd which3 awarissocruelthatitalwayscausesgreatlosses hashappenediniraq a whatb asc thatd one b b c 4 idon tlike asyouread a thenovelsb thesuchnovels c suchnovelsd samenovels 5 iwanttousethesametools usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago a aswereb whichwasc aswasd which 6 ihaveboughtsuchawatch wasadvertisedontv a thatb whichc asd it c b c 七 关系副词的替代当关系词在从句中作状语时 要用关系副词 when 表时间的介词 in at on during等 whichwhere 表地点的介词 in at on under等 whichwhy 表原因的介词 for which1 thisistheroomwherewelivedlastyear 2 hetookoutapieceofpaperwherewerewrittensomewords 3 istillrememberthedaywhenifirstcametobeijing 4 thesearethereasonswhywedoit 5 chinaisthebirthplaceofkites fromwherekiteflyingspreadtojapan korea thailandandindia 为了表达清楚 1 05广东 35 manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes peoplewereeatenbythetiger a inwhichb bywhichc whichd that2 doyouknowtheyear thechinesecommunistpartywasfounded inwhichb thatc whichd onwhich3 2005苏州 29 isthereabookshoparound icanbuyanenglishandchinesedictionary a whichb where c thatd what 八 高考试题中的几种特殊用法 1 where表达地点的模糊化 当先行词是situation point case stage occasion spot等表示某人或物的情景 状况形势的词时 常用where或inwhich引导定语从句 如 canyouimagineasituationwhere inwhichyoucanusetheword theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother 2 当先行词是way 方式 方法 且在从句中作方式状语时先行词thewaydoyouknowthewayinwhichheworkedouttheproblem idon tlikethewaythatyoutalktoyourmother 区别 thewaythatheexplainedtouswasquitesimple inwhichthat i mnotclearaboutthereasonforwhichhedidit whyhediditthathedidit forwhichwhythat 3 reason作先行词时且作原因状语的使用 4 从句的人称 数与先行词应该保持一致1 thegreatwallisoneoftheworld famousbuildingsthatdrawalotsofvisitors 2 thegreatwallistheonlyoneoftheworld famousbuildingsthatdrawsalotsofvisitors 3 greatchangeshavetakenplaceinchina asisknowntoall 4 i whoamyourteacher willtrymybesttohelpyou 5 toownacomputerinfamilies whichwethoughtwasimpossible20yearsago nowbecomestrue 5 先行词time 次数 时用that 可省略 一段时间 时代 时用when或介词 whichthisisthesecondtimethatthepresidenthasvisitedthecountry therewasatimewhen duringwhichtherewerenoradios notelephonesornotvsets 1 it shelpfultoputchildreninasituation theycanseethemselvesdifferently a thatb whenc whichd wh