牛津高一英语unit3知识点与词汇.doc

教学目标：学习Task & Project部分知识点与词汇1requirement n要求；必需品(常用复数形式)Requirements for speaker.(P53) 对演讲者的要求。The new computer system will meet all our requirements. Our immediate requirement is extra staff.meet/satisfy/fulfil therequirements符合/满足必备的条件require vt.要求，需要 require sth.需要require sb to do sth.要求某人做某事sth require doing/to be done某事/物需要被做require that sb.(should)do sth.要求(某人)做某事The conductor requires all the passengers to show their tickets. Your bike requires repairing (to be repaired)The teacher requires that we (should) read English every morning.The situation requires that we try our best to study hard.AneedBwouldCcouldDshouldHer bike needed . She required that the work in ten minutes.Arepaired；would be finishedBto be repaired；was finishedCrepairing；be finished Drepaired；be finished2inspire vt.启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞Do you want to inspire students with your experiences？(P53)I hope this success will inspire you to greater efforts.inspire sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事 inspire sb.with sth./inspire sth.in sb.用激励或鼓励某人inspired adj.富有灵感的 inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 inspiration n灵感 The father inspired his son with confidence.I havent started writing the article yetIm still waiting for inspiration.His encouraging remarks (激起了我的信心)His speech was (如此鼓舞人心) that his students (因受到激励而比以前更加努力)His best music (灵感来自对他母亲的怀念)3rather than 而不是；与其倒不如Many people offer their references upon request，rather than listing them in their CVs.(P54)许多人在被要求时才提供他们的推荐信，而不是列在简历中。other than除了,or rather更确切地说,would rather 宁可；宁愿, would rather do sth.than do sth.,would do sth.rather than do sth.,prefer to do sth.rather than do sth)宁愿,而不愿)Id prefer to go on vacation in August rather than in July. The old man would rather walk than go by bus to the town.【提示】would rather后接宾语从句时，谓语用虚拟语气。表示一个现在或将来的愿望，谓语用一般过去时，表示一个过去的愿望，谓语用过去完成时。 than get money in such a dishonest way，he would beg in the streets.AOther BRather CMore D/4companion n伴侣；陪伴；朋友Dian was an outgoing and kind person，and able to gain valuable data about their lives by becoming a companion to them.(P57)黛安是个友好善良的人。通过成为他们的伙伴来获得关于他们生活的有用信息。A dog is a faithful companion.狗是忠实的伙伴。This book is a companion to the authors first work.这本书是该作者第一作品的姊妹篇。company n公司；陪伴；作伴in company with.与在一起accompany vt.陪伴；陪同accompany sb.to sp.陪某人去某地陪伴某人 Ill have a drink myself，just to keep you company.I，in company with many others，feel this decision wrong. 我昨天和我的同伴赛跑了。Yesterday，I raced with my 我必须请你陪我去警察局。I must ask you me to the police station.我会留下来陪你。Ill stay here and 我们公司重视团队合作。We stress teamwork in our 他和简一起演奏。Hes performing Jane.5discourage v阻止；制止；使泄气；使灰心，打消的念头Even though some of the gorillas were quite dangerous，this did not discourage Dian.(P57)The bad weather discouraged people from attending the parade.恶劣的天气阻止了人们去参加游行。The government will take measures to discourage the use of cars in cities.政府将采取限制在城市使用汽车的措施。discourage sb.from doing sth.劝某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心discouraged adj.沮丧的；灰心丧气的discouraging adj.令人泄气的；令人沮丧的discouragement沮丧；气馁；使人泄气的事物；劝阻His parents discouraged him from joining the army.Students soon get discouraged if you criticize them too often.The discouragement made people upset.Dont let (一次失败使你气馁)We tried to (阻止他没有向导陪同就去爬山) (这是令人沮丧的) so many students have failed.6devotion n奉献；忠诚；专心She showed great devotion to her work and loved to tell people about gorillas.(P57)He has always shown great devotion to his children.devote vt.把专注于；把奉献给devote oneself/ones life/time/energy to sth./doing sth.把全身心/生命/时间/精力投入到；专心致力于devoted adj.挚爱的；忠实的be devoted to献身于；专心致志于(to是介词) After he has retired，hell devote himself to gardening.He is very devoted to his wife.Mary has a devoted father.网上聊天或许很有趣，但你不应该把所有的时间都用在这上面。Net chat may be interesting，but you should not it.这位忠实的士兵把生命献给了他的祖国。The soldier his motherland.7various adj.不同的，各种的，很多的They are also protected by governments and various organizations.(P57)The city is famous for its various bridges.For various reasons，Id prefer not to meet him.variety n种类，多样性 a variety ofall kinds ofvarious各种各样的vary vi变化；呈现不同 vary with随着而变化vary from不同于 vary from.to.由到不等 We all need variety in our diet.He left for a variety of reasons.The author gave (各种原因) for having written the book. (各种各样我们没有想到的人) turned up at the meeting (有各种各样的植物) in the garden.8Without her work，there would be very few mountain gorillas left today.如果没有她的工作，今天山区大猩猩的数量将会相当稀少。(P57)这是一种隐性的虚拟语气。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是用with，without，but for(要不是/要是没有)等介词短语或分词短语或者独立主格结构来代替条件从句，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。We might have died without your help.We might have died if you hadnt helped us.如果没有你的帮助，我们或许已经死了。But for your help，I couldnt have done it.If it hadnt been for your help I couldnt have done it.要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。But for the help of my English teacher，I the first prize in the English Writing Competition.Awould not winBwould not have won Cwould win Dwould have won单词适当形式填空：1There are _ goods in the supermarket whose prices _(variety) from cents to dollars.2I would like to _ for the job advertised in the newspaper，so I have sent my _(apply) before July 20.3Im _ (curiosity) to know what he said about me.4He received a large _ (fortunate) when his uncle died.5Her _ (devote) to teaching has won admiration and respect from the students.6The boy was sent to his room as a _ (punish)7These eighteenthcentury oil paintings are _(保存) so well that the visitors are greatly amazed.8His trust in me has _ (激励) me to do things that I never imagined possible.9Toms brother is too selfish a man，whom we cant _ (期望) to lend us a hand.10If _ (打扰)，he will feel annoyed while sleeping.翻译句子1到他来时，会议已经结束了。_2我们都知道的是他成功得到了那份工作。_3一旦你理解了，你就很容易学会。_4暴风雨过后，给这一地区造成了巨大损害。_单选：1It is quite _ that they live in _ building in the street.Asure；a Bsure；some Ccertain；certain Dcertain；some2Did you give Mary the money you owed her?Yes，I gave it to her _ I saw her.Awhile Bthe moment Csuddenly Donce3I want to thank everyone who has _ and supported me.Aencouraged Bgiven Cbeen encouraged Dbeen given4Its said that hes _ to that case.Arelative Brelated Crelation Drelationship5Yesterday I rushed into a bookstore，_ a shelter from the rain without noticing what kind of bookstore it was.Aonly finding Bonly to find Cjust to find Djust finding9desire n愿望，欲望，渴望；vt.渴望，期望He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly.(P58)他强烈渴望学习如何飞行。I have no desire to talk about this.Well all desire health and happiness.desire to do sth.渴望做某事 desire sb.to do sth.期望某人做某事desire for sth.对某事物的欲望 a desire for knowledge求知欲 desire that.渴望 He has a strong desire for success/to succeed.We always desire to live in peace with our neighbors.He desired that you (should) see him at once.He desired you to see him at once.【提示】当desire后接同位语从句，表语从句或宾语从句时，that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，即should动词原形，且should可以省略。She (有强烈的愿望) to go back to her home country before she died.He (渴望参军)and devote himself to the country.James (期望警方调查一下可能性) that Ann was not involved in the accident.10apply vi.申请书 vt.使用，应用In 1998，he applied to be a member of Project 921，which is now called Shenzhou.(P58)Tom applied to the company for a position.He has applied to join the army.The new technology was applied to farming.apply.to.把应用于；把涂到 apply (to sb.) for sth.向(某人)申请某物apply for申请；请求；应聘 apply oneself to.致力于；专心于applican n申请人 application n申请；申请书；适用 He applied himself to learning English.Apply the suntan cream to exposed areas every three hours.We should not only know the theory but also learn (怎样把理论应用于实践)If you want to (申请工作) at the office where I work，Ill put in a good word for you.You will pass your exams if you really (真正专心致志)11not only.but (also).不但而且They not only studied all the subjects required to be an astronaut，but also learnt survival skills and all about how spaceships and rockets are built.(P58)The area was not only hit by an unexpected heavy rain，but some bridges were also washed away.not only.but (also).用于连接两个并列的结构，这个结构连接并列的主语的时候，谓语动词的数应与but (also)后面的主语一致。not only.but (also).连接的并列句，当not only置于句首时，要用部分倒装，but (also)后的部分不用倒装。即：Not onlybe/助动词/情态动词主语其他成分，but also正常语序。Not only did the teachers take part in the English evening party，but they also sang at the party.Not only you but also I am to take part in the sports meeting. Not only his sisters but also David the film.A thinks highly of Bthink highly of Cthinks high of Dthink high ofThe computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only ，but students became more interested in the lessons.Asaved was teachers energy Bwas teachers energy savedCteachers energy was savedDwas saved teachers energy12Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test，it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of Chinas first astronaut.(P58)本句使用了强调句型，其结构为：It is/was被强调部分that其他部分。It was that kind of faith that drove Tim on in his life.It was in this town that he was brought up.强调句的基本结构：It is/was被强调部分that其他部分。Is/Was it被强调部分that其他部分？特殊疑问词is/was itthat其他部分？强调“not.until”结构中由until引导的短语或从句时，结构为：It is/was not until.that其余部分。 【提示】如果被强调部分为人，that可换成who。How was it that he finished the work so soon?It was not until his father returned from the work that the boy began to do his homework.It was not until I came here I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.Awho Bthat Cwhere DbeforeJohns success has nothing to do with good luck.It is years of hard work has made him what he is todayAwhy BwhenCwhich Dthat直到第二天我才得知真相。 (3你就是在那个公园里遇见他的吗？_ in that park _ you met him?(4) 是他们经常帮助我学习英语。_ often help me with my English.13Yang was described by his superiors as hardworking and always in control of himself.(P58)杨利伟的领导将他描述为一个勤奋刻苦，总是能够自控的人。(1)superior n上级，上司 adj.更好的，更高的Ill report you to your superior officer.be superior to 比更好/高be superior in 在方面更好/高The government troops were superior in numbers.Fresh coffee is superior to instant coffee.我会把你的话传给我的上级。 Ill pass your words on to 。毫无疑问新方法在很多方面比旧方法好。Theres no doubt that the new method is in many aspects.比赛接近结束时林的出众的力量开始显露出来。Towards the end of the game Lins began to show. (2)be in control (of something )掌管，控制(某物)Take it easy.The police has been in control of the situation.He is in control of the company.in the control of.由控制 be/get out of control不听约束，失去控制lose control (of.)失去(对的)控