Part V Twentieth-century Literature- William Faulkner.doc

American Literature Book 2授课题目（章、节）Part V Twentieth-century Literature William Faulkner 授课方式Student-oriented communicative teaching 授课时间2011年 10月 21 日 第 8周 第 16次课 课时2 教材及主要参考书吴伟仁, 美国文学史及选读（第二册）(History and Anthology of American Literature), 北京,外研社,2009 吴伟仁,美国文学史及选读 学习指南, 北京,外研社,2009 朱刚,新编美国文学史,上海,上海外语教育出版社, 2004 常耀信,美国文学简史(第二版),天津,南开大学出版社,2003 教学目标与要求：Understand the techniques used in his works: stream of consciousness and multiple points of view 知识点、难点与重点：stream of consciousness; multiple points of view; The features of his language. 教学过程设计：（包括教学方式及方法、时间分配、媒体选用及板书设计）step 1 author 20minsstep 2 representative works 25minsstep 3 Reading excerpt 45mins教研室审阅意见：教研室组长： 年 月 日说明：1、本表原则上以每章为单位填写。2、此表后面为本次安排的授课内容的教案正文。基 本 内 容 辅助手段和时间分配William Faulkner Part V Twentieth-century LiteratureI. Brief Introduction An American novelist Born into an old Southern family in the town of Oxford Regarded as one of the great American writers of the 20th century. Receive the Nobel Prize for literature in 1950. As a writer, Faulkners primary concern was to probe his own region, the deep South. Most of his novels are set in Yoknapatawpha county. Waste land painter: refer to such writers as F. Scott Fitzgerald, T. S. Eliot, Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner. All of them painted the postwar western world as a waste land, lifeless and hopeless. (Faulkner made the history of the Deep South the subject of the bulk of his work, and created a symbolic picture of the remote past. His fictional Yoknapatawpha represents a microcosm (缩影) of the whole macrocosmic (宏观世界的) nature of human experience.) II. Representative works The Sound and the Fury (1929) 喧嚣与骚动As I Lay Dying (1930) 在我弥留之际Sanctuary (1931) 圣殿Light in August (1932) 八月之光Absalom, Absalom! (1936) 押沙龙！ 押沙龙 (“Wash”) 洗The Hamlet (1940) 小乡村 (Spotted Horses) 花斑马Go Down, Moses (1942) 去吧，摩西 (“The Bear”) 熊Intruder in the Dust (1948) 坟墓的闯入者Requiem for a Nun (1951) 修女挽歌A Fable (1954) 寓言The Town (1957) 小镇The Mansion (1959) 大宅The Rivers 河流These 13 Stories (1931) 故事十三篇Doctor Martino and Other Stories (1934) 马蒂诺医生和其它故事选Knights Gambit (1949) 武士的行动Collected Stories of William Faulkner (1950) 福克纳故事集Big Woods (1955) 大树林III. Characteristics of his works 1. He successfully advanced two modern literary techniques: stream of consciousness and multiple points of view. Stream of consciousness The term “stream of consciousness” is used to indicate a literary approach to the presentation of psychological aspects of characters in fiction. (In literary criticism, stream of consciousness denotes a literary technique which seeks to describe an individuals point of view by giving the written equivalent of the characters thought processes.) It was first used in 1922 by the Irish novelist James Joyce. This modernistic trend in 1920s, deeply influenced by the psycho-analytic (心理分析的) approach in literary creation to explore the existence of subconscious and unconscious elements in the mind. In English Fiction, the novels of Stream-of-Consciousness were represented by James Joyce and Virginia Woolf. Those novels broke through the bounds of time and space, and depicted vividly and skillfully the unconscious activity of the mind fast changing and flowing incessantly (不停地), particularly the hesitant, misted (模糊的), distracted and illusory psychology people had when they faced reality. Britain was the center of the novels of Stream-of Consciousness. The modern American writer William Faulkner successfully advanced this technique. In his stories, action and plots were less important than the reactions and inner musings (沉思、冥想) of the narrators. Time sequences were often dislocated. The reader feels himself to be a participant in the stories, rather than an observer. （A high degree of emotion can be achieved by this technique. But it also makes the stories hard to understand. ）point of view the angle from which a story or a novel is written is the point of view. Generally speaking, fiction is written in the omniscient (全知的) point of view, the third-person point of view or the first-person point of view. Faulkner is a master at presenting multiple points of view, showing within the same story how the characters reacted differently to the same person or the same situation. The use of this technique gives the story a circular form wherein one event is the center, with various points of view radiating from it rather than a linear structure, with one event following another by cause and effect, in a logical progression of time. The multiple point of view technique makes the reader recognize the difficulty of arriving at a true judgment. 2. His frequent themes were history and race History: He sought to explain the present time by examining the past, particularly by telling the story of several generations of one family as history altered their lives. Race: He was deeply interested in the relationship between Blacks and Whites in the South, where both races exist side by side in almost equal numbers. He was especially concerned about the social problems of people who were of mixed race, unacceptable to either Blacks or Whites. 3. Yoknapatawpha County (约克纳帕塔法县) In William Faulkners writings, the place Yoknapatawpha Country is frequently set as the background for the stories. It is an imaginary area in Mississippi with a colorful history and a richly varied population, based on Faulkners childhood memory about the place he grew up, the town of Oxford in his native Lafayette County in the American South. The county is a microcosm of the South as a whole, and Faulkners novels examine the effects of the dissolution of traditional values and authority on all levels of Southern society. With his rich imagination, Faulkner turned the land, the people and the history of the region into a literary creation and a mythical kingdom. The Yoknapatawpha County series have an overall pattern in which the fate of ruined homeland always focuses on the collision of Faulkners intelligent, sensitive and idealistic protagonist with the society of the 20th century. 4. features of Faulkners language Words are often run together, with no capitalization and no proper punctuation. Sentences are not always clearly indicated; many long ones are pushed together in peculiar ways. One fragment runs into another without proper notice, and added to all this, is the use of pronouns which often causes irritating perplexity (困惑). There is also Faulkners handling of language to consider. His prose ranges from colloquial, regional dialects to highly charged courtroom rhetoric (控告式的法庭审判修辞), covering a variety of “registers” of the English language. Faulkner was a master of his own particular style of writing. IV. The Sound and the Fury The Sound and the Fury is a well-known novel written by Faulkner and it was his fourth novel. The novel takes place in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County. It is written in a stream of consciousness style and is split into four sections: the first from the viewpoint of Benjy Compson, a mentally retarded (智力发育迟缓的) man; the second from the point of view of Quentin Compson, a depressed college student; the third from the point of view of their sardonic (讽刺的) brother, Jason Compson; and the fourth section from a third person limited omniscient narrative point-of-view, centering on Dilsey, the Comson familys black servant. 喧嚣与骚动的小说的情节围绕着凯蒂的故事展开，全书分成四个部分，分别由四个人从不同的角度来讲述凯蒂的故事：“班吉的部分”、“昆丁的部分”、“杰生的部分”和“迪尔西的部分”。 作者在第一部分选择白痴班吉来叙述故事，是有其深刻用意的。因为人生，尤其是美国南方社会中的人生，浑浑噩噩，就“像一个白痴所讲的故事”，这正好点明了作品的主题。人生的毫无意义由于是通过班吉的混乱意识表现出来的，他没有时间概念，过去和现在之间没有任何界限，都汇入一种混乱的意识流动之中。 第二个叙述故事的人昆丁虽然不是白痴，但却是一个精神上已彻底崩溃的人，在这个没落地主阶级的末代子孙身上虽然还保留了他祖先那种贵族的骄傲，但是他从小建立起来的南方传统的价值标准却是那样地不堪一击。他的懦弱的本性使他陷入了对妹妹凯蒂的不正当的爱情之中，他无法接受妹妹堕落并嫁人的现实，选择了自杀的道路。昆丁的死表明南方旧传统培养出来的后代已无力