2013年职称英语等级考试模拟题2.doc

2013年职称英语等级考试模拟题（理工类C级）第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. I have been trying to quit smoking.A. give up B. pick up C. build up D. take up2. Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.A. moved B. touched C. surprised D. worried3. The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain.A. question B. problem C. title D. topic4. This is not typical of English, but is a feature of the Chinese language.A. particular B. characteristic C. remarkable D. idiomatic5. It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job.A. simply B. almost C. totally D. completely6. These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our fears.A. stem B. rely C. develop D. grow7. Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others.A. easy B. possible C. likely D. difficult8. They have the capability to destroy the enemy in a few days.A. possibility B. necessity C. ability D. probability9. We have never seen such gorgeous hills.A. beautiful B. stretching C. spreading D. rolling10. The leaves have been swept into huge heaps.A. loads B. layers C. pyramids D. piles11. The news will horrify everyone.A. attract B. terrify C. tempt D. excite12. The article sketched the major events of the decade.A. described B. offered C. outlined D. presented13. I wont tolerate that kind of behavior.A. bear B. receive C. admit D. take14. Their style of playing football is utterly different.A. barely B. scarcely C. hardly D. totally15. Her sister urged her to apply for the job.A. advised B. caused C. forced D. promised第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Irish Dolphins May Have a Unique Dialect Irish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a river estuary in the southwest of the country believe they may have developed a unique dialect to communicate with each other. The Shannon Dolphin and Wildlife Foundation (SDWF) has been studying a group of up to 120 bottle-nose dolphins in the River Shannon using vocalisations collected on a computer in a cow shed near the River Shannon. As part of a research project, student Ronan Hickey digitised and analysed a total of 1, 882 whistles from the Irish dolphins and those from the Welsh dolphins on a computer and separated them into six fundamental whistle types and 32 different categories. Of the categories, he found most were used by both sets of dolphins but eight were only heard from the Irish dolphins. “We are building up a catalogue of the different whistle types they use and trying to associate them with behaviour like foraging, resting, socialising and the communications of groups with calves,” project leader Simon Berrow said. “Essentially we are building up what is like a dictionary of words they use or sounds they make.” Berrow, a marine biologist, said the dolphins clicks are used to find their way around and locate prey. The whistles are communications. “They do a whole range of other sound like barks, groans and a kind of gunshot,” he said. “The gunshot is an intense pulse of sound. Sperm whales use it to stun their prey.” “When I first heard it I was surprised as I thought sperm whales were the only species who used it. We can speculate the dolphins are using it for the same reason as the sperm whales.” Borrow said. References in local legend indicate there have been dolphins in the Shannon estuary for generations and they may even have been resident there as far back as the 6th century. They are regularly seen by passengers on the Shannon ferry and an estimated 25, 000 tourists every year take special sightseeing tours on local boats to visit them. 16. The difference in eating habits between the bottle-nose dolphins and the sperm whales interested the SDWF scientists. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 17. Ronan Hickey analysed almost 2,000 different dialects of the bottle-nose dolphins. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. Of the 32 categories, eight were produced only by the Irish dolphins. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. Whistles could also be used to communicate between adult dolphins and baby dolphins. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 20. Sperm whales can produce stronger ultrasonic waves to kill their prey than dolphins. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21. As early as the 6th century, Irish fishermen started raising dolphins in the Shannon estuary. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 22. Irish dolphins attract tourists and over 25, 000 people come to see them every year. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第14段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Washoe Learned American Sign Language An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language. Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969, the Gardners described Washoes progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, “Who is coming to play?” Once the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed. However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoes keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive. Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time. Debate continues about chimps understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sureWashoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.23. Paragraph 1 24. Paragraph 2 25. Paragraph 3 26. Paragraph 4 A. Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This Research NowadaysB. Report about Washoes Progress in Learning Sign Language C. General Information about WashoeD. The Gardeners Contributions RecognizedE. Debate on Chimps Intelligence F. Washoes Love for Three Young Chimps27. Washoe could make signs to communicate . 28. Some scientists doubted .29. Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language . 30. The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent .A. if the Gardeners argument was sound B. because she was cleverer than other chimps C. when she wanted to eat D. while she was at a research center in Ellensburg E . because she could use sign language to ask for fruits F. while Washoe was learning sign language第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Food Fright Experiments under way in several labs aim to create beneficial types of genetically modified (GM) foods, including starchier potatoes and caffeine-free coffee beans. Genetic engineers are even trying to transfer genes from a cold-water fish to make a frost-resistant tomato. A low-sugar GM strawberry now in the works might one day allow people with health problems such as diabetes to enjoy the little delicious red fruits again. GM beans and grains supercharged with protein might help people at risk of developing kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor, a disease caused by severe lack of protein, is common in parts of the world where there are severe food shortages. Commenting on GM foods, Jonathon Jones, a British researcher, said. “The future benefits will be enormous, and the best is yet to come.” To some people, GM foods are no different from unmodified foods. “A tomato is a tomato,” said Brian Sansoni, an American food manufacturer. Critics of GM foods challenge Sansonis opinion. They worry about the harm that GM crops might do to people, other animals, and plants. In a recent lab study conducted at Cornell University, scientists tested pollen made by Bt corn, which makes up one-fourth of the U. S. corn crop. The scientist sprinkled the pollen onto milkweed, a plant that makes a milky juice and is the only known food source of the monarch butterfly caterpillar. Within four days of munching on the milkweed leaves, almost half of a test group of caterpillars had died. “Monarchs are considered to be a flagship species for conservation,” said Cornell researcher Linda Raynor. “This is a warning bell.” Some insects that are not killed by GM foods might find themselves made stronger3. How so? The insecticides used to protect most of todays crops are sprayed on the crops when needed4 and decay quickly in the environment. But GM plants produce a continuous level of insecticide. Insect species feeding on those crops may develop resistance to the plants and could do so in a hurry, say the critics. Insects may also develop a resistance to the insecticide Bt. At the forum on GM food held last year in Canada, GM crops that have been made resistant to the herbicide might crossbreed with wild plants, creating “super weeds” that could take over whole fields. So where do you stand? Should GM foods be banned in the United States, as they are in parts of Europe? Or do their benefits outweigh any of the risks they might carry?31. Paragraphs 1, 2 &3 try to give the idea that A. GM foods may bring about great benefits to humans. B. we cannot recognize the benefits of GM foods too early. C. GM foods may have both benefits and harm. D. GM foods are particularly good to the kwashiorkor patients. 32. Why is the case of the pollen-sprayed milkweed cited in Paragraph 6? A. It is cited to show GM foods can kill insects effectively. B. It is cited to show GM foods contain more protein. C. It is cited to show GM foods also have a dark side. D. It is cited to show GM foods may harm crops. 33. What happens to those insects when not killed by the spray of insecticide? A. They may lose their ability to produce offspring. B. They may have a higher ability to adapt to the environment. C. They move to other fields free from insecticide. D. They never eat again those plants containing insecticide. 34. Which of the following statements concerning banning GM foods is true according to the passage? A. Underdeveloped countries have banned GM foods. B. Both Europe and the U. S. have banned GM foods. C. Most European countries have not banned GM foods. D. The United States has not banned GM foods. 35. What is the writers attitude to GM foods? A. We cannot tell from the passage. B. He thinks their benefits outweigh their risks. C. He thinks their risks outweigh their benefits. D. He thinks their benefits and risks are balanced.第二篇 Digital Realm In the digital realm, the next big advance will be voice recognition. The rudiments are already here but in primitive form. Ask a computer to “recognize speech,” and it is likely to think you want it to “wreck a nice beach.” But in a decade or so well be able to chat away and machines will soak it all in. Microchips will be truly embedded in our lives when we can talk to them. Not only to our computers, well also be able to chat with our automobile navigation systems, telephone consoles, browsers, thermostats. VCRs, microwaves and any other devices we want to boss around. That will open the way to the next phase of the digital age: artificial intelligence. By our providing so many thoughts and preferences to our machines each day, theyll accumulate enough information about how we think so that theyll be able to mimic our minds and act as our agents. Scary, huh? But potentially quite useful. At least until they decide they dont need us anymore and start building even smarter machines they can boss around. The law powering the digital age up until now has been Gordon Moores: that microchips will double in power and halve in price every 18 months or so. Bill Gates rules because early on he acted on the assumption that computing power the capacity of microprocessors and memory chips would become nearly free; his company kept churning out more and more lines of complex software to make use of the cheap bounty. The law that will power the next few decades is that the bandwidth (the capacity of fiber-optic and other pipelines to carry digital communications) will become nearly free. Along with the recent advances in digital switching and storage technologies, this means a future in which all forms of content movies, music, shows, books, data, magazines, newspapers, your aunts recipes and home videos will be instantly available anywhere on demand. Anyone will be able to be a producer of any content; youll be able to create a movie or magazine, make it available to the world and charge for it, just like Time Warner! The result will be a transition from a mass-market world to a personalized one. Instead of centralized factories and studios that distribute or broadcast the same product to millions, technology is already allowing products to be tailored to, each user. You can subscribe to news sources that serve up only topics and opinions that fit your fancy. Everything from shoes to steel can be customized to meet individual wishes. 36. The techniques of voice recognition A. are mature enough for extensive use. B. are in its initial stage of development. C. will aid people to chat through computers. D. will assist people to recognize each others voice. 37. According to the second paragraph, when we reach the stage of artificial intelligence, A. machines can be our agents us they understand our thoughts. B. machines will give orders to smarter machines they build. C. machines will not need us any more.D. machines will be intelligent enough to boss around. 38. Whats the best description of Gordon Moores law as mentioned in the third paragraph? A. It motivates the development of the digital world. B. Bill Gates rules the digital world with the law. C. It enables computing power to become free. D. It helps the development of the bandwidth. 39. What can people do in a future scene as described in the fourth paragraph? A. Compose music and make it available to the world. B. Make films and charge for it. C. Write books and sell them. D. All of the above. 40. Which of the following statements is true of a personalized market? A. The personalized market tends to be replaced by the mass market. B. The same product is distributed to millions of users. C. In a personalized market, products are tailored to each consumer. D. Individuals can control centralized factories and studios.第三篇Plant GasScientists have been studying natural sources of methane for decades but hadnt regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg，Germany. Now Keppler and his colleagues find that plants, from grasses to trees，may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane (甲烷) production requires an oxygen-free environment.Previously, researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant amounts of the gas. They had assumed that, microbes need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide (二氧化碳). Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earths atmosphere and contribute to global warming.In its experiments, Kepplers team used sealed chambers that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earths atmosphere has. They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants; and dried plant material, such as fallen leaves.With the dried plants，the researchers took measurement at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees C. At 30 degrees C, they found, a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms (微克) of methane per hour. (One nanogram is a billionth of a gram.) With every 10-degree rise in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled.Living plants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions tripled when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight.Because there was plenty of oxygen available, its unlikely that the types of bacteria that normally make methane were involved. Experiments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also