人教版初中英语语法-被动语态.ppt

中考语法精讲 被动语态 我吃了一个苹果 那现在苹果怎样了 苹果被 苹果被我吃了 正如汉语中的被字句 英语中的 被字句 我们称之为被动语态 英语中有两种语态 主动语态和被动语态 一 英语的谓语动词有两种语态 WespeakEnglish 主语 谓语 宾语 主动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 谓语speak的动作是由主语we执行的 即主语是是谓语动词所表示动作的执行者 两种语态 Englishisspokenbymanypeople 主语 谓语 宾语 被动语态 主语English是谓语动词speak所表示的动作的承受者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 Wecleanourclassroomeveryday 我们每天打扫教室 主动语态 Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday 我们的教室每天被打扫 被动语态 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的 二 被动语态的基本构成 be 动词的过去分词 be done be随着人称 时态和数的变化而变化 1 一般现在时am is are done Wecleantheclassroomeveryday Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday Heputonacoat Acoatwasputonbyhim 2 一般过去时was were done Hemadethekite Thekitewasmadebyhim 3 一般将来时shall will begoingto bedone Theywillplanttreestomorrow TreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrowHeisgoingtowritealettertohismother Aletterisgoingtobewrittentohismotherbyhim 4 现在完成时has have beendone Jimhasfinishedthework TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim 5 含有情态动词的被动语态 can may must should bedone Icanfindhim Hecanbefoundbyme 三 被动语态的用法 1 不知道动作的执行者是谁 Thewindoewasbrokenlastnight RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina Manytreesshouldbeplantedeveryyear 每年都应该种更多的树 2 强调或突出动作的承受者 而不强调动作的执行者 世界上越来越多的人说汉语 Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld 3 动作不是由人发出的 许多房屋被冲走了 Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood 四 主动语态变被动语态的方法 WespeakEnglish 主语 谓语 宾语 Englishisspokenbyus 主语 谓语 宾语 宾变主 主变宾 前加by 主动语态 被动语态 1 Tombrokethewindow ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom 2 Hebrokethewindows Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim Be要随着主语变 逻辑主语by来引 Exercise Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday Exercise WecallthesnowmanMr Strong ThesnowmaniscalledMr Strong Exercise Heboughtsomefruitsyesterday Somefruitswereboughtyesterday 主动语态变被动语态的方法 主语 宾语 主动语态 动作的执行者 谓语动词的主动形式 动作的承受者被动语态 动作的承受者 谓语动词的被动形式 动作的执行者 主语 宾语 说明 1 要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语 若主动句中的宾语为人称代词 要将宾格变成主格 2 把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语 主格变宾格 并由by引导 3 谓语动词变成相应的被动形式 主动语态中 使役动词 make let have 感官动词 see hear watch feel notice 后面跟省略to的不定式 变为被动语态时 要加上不定式符号to Isawhimopenthedoorjustnow 刚才我看见他进屋了 主动语态 Hewasseentoopenthedoorjustnow 补充部分 2 主动结构表被动意义 open lock write read sell wash cut drive等词作不及物动词时 它们的主语为物 可以用主动语态表被动意义 Thiskindofshirtsellswell Thepenwritessmoothly cost fit agreewith 气候 食物等适合于 使用主动表被动 Thebookcostsmetwentyyuan 3 系动词没有被动形式look sound taste smell feel等系动词用主动表被动意义 例 Itsmellswonderful Mooncakestastedelicious 3 在beworthdoing中 doing表被动意义 例 Thisbookisworthreading 4 want need require doing want need require tobedone例 Mybikeneedsrepairing Mybikeneedstoberepaired 我的自行车需要修理 happen takeplace breakout have belongto 课堂练习 一 改写句子1 Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear byusinspringeveryyear 2 Shepostedtheletteryesterday byheryesterday 3 MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner 5 Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow byyoutomorrow 6 Sheisgoingtowritealetter byher Treesareplanted Theletterwasposted Iwasgiven Yourhomeworkmaybehandedin Aletterisgoingtobewritten 1 Ifcitynoises fromincreasing people shouttobeheardevenatdinner A arenotkept willhavetoB arenotkept haveC donotkeep willhavetoD donotkeep haveto2 Thefifthgenerationcomputers andperfectednow A developedB havedevelopedC arebeingdevelopedD willhavebeendeveloped3 thesportsmeetmightbeputoff Yes italldependsontheweather A I vebeentoldB I vetoldC I mtoldD Itold A C A 4 Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection A hascompletedB completesC hasbeencompletedD iscompleted5 Rainforests andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture A cutB arecutC arebeingcutD hadbeencut6 Thenewbridge bytheendoflastmonth A hasbeendesignedB hadbeendesignedC wasdesignedD wouldbedesigned7 Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater itlooksasifit A breaksB hasbrokenC wasbrokenD hadbeenbroken D C B C 8 Greatchanges inthecity andalotoffactories A havebeentakenplace havebeensetupB havetakenplace havebeensetupC havetakenplace havesetupD weretakenplace weresetup9 Thatsuit over60dollars A hadcostedB costedC iscostedD cost10 Look Everythinghereisunderconstruction What stheprettysmallhousethat for A isbeingbuiltB hasbeenbuiltC isbuiltD isbuilding11 Doyoulikethecloth Yes it verysoft A isfeelingB feltC feelsD isfelt B D A C 12 Itisdifficultforaforeigner Chinese A writeB towriteC tobewrittenD written13 Ihavenomoreletters thankyou A totypeB typingC tobetypedD typed14 Takecare Don tdroptheinkonyourshirt forit easily A won twashoutB won tbewashedoutC isn twashedoutD isn twashingout15 Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto A beputupB giveinC beturnedonD goout B C A D 16 Thecomputersonthetable ProfessorSmith A belongsB arebelongedtoC belongstoD belongto17 Whatdoyouthinkofthebook Oh excellent It sworth asecondtime A toreadB tobereadC readingD beingread18 Thesquirrelwa