2013年职称英语综合a阅读判断.doc

第二部分 阅读判断 阅读下面的短文。每篇短文后面都有7句话，请根据短文的内容判断这些话是正确、错误，还是在短文中没有提到。第一篇 Taking Pictures of the World Meet Annie Griffiths Belt, a National Geographic photographer. Belt has worked for National Geographic since l978，and has taken pictures on almost every continent in the worldIn fact， Antarctica is the only continent Belt hasnt seen yet Belts photographs are well known for their beauty and high qualityThey also reflect very different cultures and regions of the worldBelt has photographed the ancient city of Petra，Jordan，as well as the green landscapes of the Lake District in EnglandRecently，her pictures appeared in a book about undeveloped natural places in North America Everywhere that Belt goes，she takes pictures of peopleBelt has found ways to connect with people of all ages and nationalities even when she does not speak their language“The greatest privilege of my job is being allowed into peoples lives”she has said“The camera is like a passport，and I am often overwhelmed by 1 how quickly people welcome me!” Knowing how to break the ice has helped to make Belt a successful photographerbut experts say that anyone can learn to connect with new peopleWhen people speak the same language， greetings and small talk can make strangers feel more comfortable with each otherWhen people dont speak the same language，a smile is very helpfulHaving something in common can also help break the ice 2For example，Belt has traveled with her two children，so when she takes pictures of children or their parents，they all have that family connection in commonEven bad weather can help people to connect when they are experiencing it together Belt has some advice if you are thinking about a career in photographyYou can volunteer to take pictures for a local organization that cant afford to hire a professional photographerYou can also take a good，honest look at your best photographsIf youre a real photographer，your photos are good because of your personal and technical skillsBelt also recommends studying and learning from photos taken by professional photographers Remember，the next time you look at a beautiful photograph，you might be looking at the work of Annie Griffiths BeltAnd the next time you meet a new person，dont be afraid to break the iceThe connection you make could be very rewarding词汇：landscape /lndskeipn风景，风景画rewardingriw：diaaj值得的，有益的，有报酬的privilegeprivilid/ n特权，优惠nationality,nnltin国籍，民族think about考虑 overwhelm/,uvwelm/vt征服；使受不了，使不知所措注释：1I am often overwhelmed by我常常被搞得不知所措。2Having something in common can also help break the ice彼此的共同点也有助于打开话题。练习：1Belt has never traveled to England ARight BWrong CNot mentioned2Belt has never traveled to Antarctica ARight BWrong CNot mentioned3Belt has worked for a number of magazines ARight BWrong CNot mentioned4Petra is a very old city in Jordan ARight BWrong CNot mentioned5Belt can only connect with English-speakers ARight BWrong CNOt mentioned6People can connect with each other in bad weather ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 7Volunteering is one way to begin a photography career ARight BWrong CNot mentioned答案与题解：1B在第二段第三行，作者提到贝尔特曾经为英格兰湖区的美景拍过照片，那她自然就去过英格兰。因此，这一题题干的表述(贝尔特从没去过英格兰)明显是错误的。2A第一段第三行说到南极洲是贝尔特唯一没亲眼见过的大洲，那么她必然没去过南极洲。所以这一题题干的表述(贝尔特从没去过南极洲)是正确的。3C第一段第一行提到贝尔特从l978年就开始为国家地理杂志工作，但是并无其他信息，所以我们无从得知在1978年之前，贝尔特是否还为其他杂志工作过。所以我们既没法说贝尔特只为国家地理一家杂志工作过，也没法说贝尔特在很多家杂志工作过。因而，我们无法在文中找到这一题题干所表述的信息(贝尔特在很多家杂志工作过)，答案只能是C。4A在第二段第二行，作者提到贝尔特曾经在约旦的古城佩特拉进行过拍摄，这迎合题干的表述(佩特拉是一座古老的约旦城市)。所以答案为A。5B在第三段第一行第二句话，作者提到：在语言不通的情况下，贝尔特找到了和不同年龄、不同民族的人沟通的方法。而题干中的表述(贝尔特只能和会说英语的人沟通)和文中的信息完全不符，所以答案为B。6A在第四段第七行，作者提到：一起体验坏天气可以帮助人们增进相互间的交流。这和题干的表述(人们在坏天气下可以相互沟通)基本一致，所以答案为A。7A第五段第一行提到贝尔特为希望从事摄影行业的人提供了一些建议：当个志愿者为没钱请专业摄影师的地方机构拍摄照片。这和题干的表述(做一名志愿者是开始摄影生涯的一种方式)基本吻合，所以答案为A。第十二篇Starting a New Tradition Shantelle Davis is a nine-year-old girl in New YorkOn a cold night in Decemberher family is standing around the kitchen table while she lights a candleThe table is decorated with baskets of fruits and vegetables and ears of corn for Shantelle and her two brothers “This candle represents umoja，an African word that means being together，”Shantelle says“Thats the most important thing for a family” Tonight is the first night of Kwanzaa，and Shantelle is spending the holiday with her family More than 5 million African Americans celebrate Kwanzaa every year from December 26 until January lIts a time when they get together with their families to think about their history and their ancestors in Africal Kwanzaa is very unusual because it was started by one manIn l966,an American named Maulana Karenga wanted a holiday for AfricanAmericans to honor their culture and traditionsSo he used words and customs from Africa to create a new celebrationHe took the name Kwanzaa from the words for “first fruits” in Swahili, an African languageAt first, a few American families had small celebrations at homeNow there are also Kwanzaa events in schools and public places，and Kwanzaa has spread to other countries like Canada and Jamaica The main symbol of Kwanzaa is a candleholder with seven candies, one for each of the principles of KwanzaaEach night，a family member lights one of the candles and talks about the idea it represents：being together，being yourself，helping each other，sharing，having a goal， creating，and believingThe candles are red，black，and green，the colors of KwanzaaThe parents also pour drinks to honor family members who have diedOn the last night of Kwanzaa，there is a big dinner with African food, and children receive small presents Today people can buy Kwanzaa greeting cards and special Kwanzaa clothesStores sell Kwanzaa candles and candleholdersSome people dont believe that Kwanzaa is a real holiday, because its so newBut other people say that customs and celebrations are always changing and that Kwanzaa shows what is important in peoples lives 2 Shantelle Davis says she likes Kwanzaa because its fun“But I also learn new things every year,” she says词汇：ancestornsestn祖宗，祖先be decorated with由所装饰 honornvt尊敬,使荣幸；n荣誉,尊敬ears of corn玉米穗candleholderkndl,huldn烛台注释：1Its a time when they get together with their families to think about their history and their ancestors in Africa这段时间里他们和家人待在一起缅怀他们的历史和非洲的祖先。2shows what is important in peoples fives展现了人们生活中重要的东西。练习：1Kwanzaa is celebrated at the end of the year ARight BWrong CNot mentioned2Kwanzaa is a holiday for African-Americans. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned3Kwanzaa is a very old holiday ARight BWrong CNot mentioned4People in Africa celebrate Kwanzaa ARight BWrong CNot mentioned5People spend a lot of time with their families during Kwanzaa ARight BWrong CNot mentioned6Children receive presents at the end of Kwanzaa ARight BWrong CNot mentioned7Everyone thinks Kwanzaa is an important holiday ARight BWrong CNot mentioned答案与题解：1A在第三段第二行我们可以发现：超过500万的非洲裔美国人每年从l2月26日到l月1日庆祝宽扎节。所以题干的表述(人们在年底庆祝宽扎节)是正确的，答案为A。2A从第四段前四行所述的内容中我们可以发现：为了向自己的文化和传统致敬，l966年美国人马拉那卡林加为非洲裔美国人创立了宽扎节。因此，题干的表述(宽扎节是为非洲裔美国人创立的节日)是正确的，答案为A。3B在第二题中我们知道宽扎节创立于1966年，并且文中第六段第三行也提到：一些人认为宽扎节的历史并不久远。所以，从以上两点我们可以得出结论：题干的表述(宽扎节的历史非常悠久)是错误的，答案为B。4C从整篇文章中我们知道宽扎节最初是为非洲裔美国人创立的,之后宽扎节的传统又流传到诸如加拿大、牙买加等其他国家(这一信息可以从第四段最后一行得到)。但是文中并未提及非洲人民是否也庆祝宽扎节，因此这一题的题干信息(非洲人民庆祝宽扎节)并没在文 中给出，答案为C。5A在第三段最后两行中，作者提到：这段时间里非洲裔美国人和家人待在一起缅怀历史和非洲的祖先。所以题干中的表述(宽扎节期间人民花很多时间和家人待在一起)是正确的，答案为A。6A在第五段最后两行中，作者提到：在宽扎节的最后一夜会有一顿非洲风味的大餐，并且孩子们会收到小礼物。所以，题干的表述(孩子们在宽扎节即将结束时收到礼物)是正确的，答案为A。7B 在第六段第二行末尾，作者提到：由于宽扎节的历史并不久远，一些人认为它并不是一个真正的节日。从这里我们可以看出题干的表述(每个人都认为宽扎节是一个重要的节日)不正确，故答案为B。第三部分 概括大意第五篇 US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty 1 The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world lHealth and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control(FCTC)this week at the United NationsThe Senate must still approve the treaty before the US call implement its provisions 2 The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly，including the United States，last yearCountries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies2 3 For instancecigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30of the front and back of every pack3The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes, restrictions on smoking in public places，and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programsIt also requires bans on tobacco advertising，though there are some exceptions for countries like the United Stateswhere the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban 4 The impact of the treaty could be hugeThe World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every yearIn the US alone，about 440，000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses；about one-third of all cancels in the US are caused by tobacco useIf current trends continueWHO estimatesby 2025 tobacco will kill l0 million people each year 5 The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries before it can take effectSo far109 countries have signed it,and l2 have ratified it词汇：ratifyrtifaivt批准；认可advertisingdvataizin做广告，登广告enactinktvt使(法案等)成为法律；通过(法案等)；颁布(法令等)prohibitprhibit/v禁止；不准outrightaut-rait/aaj完全的，彻底的cessationseseinn停止，休止注释：1The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world美国朝着批准一项全球性烟草协议迈出了第一步。该协议有望在世界范围内控制使用烟草所产生的致命性影响。2Countries that ratify it would be required tO enact strict tobacco control policies批准该协议的国家将被要求制定严格的烟草控制政策。3For instance，cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30of the front and back of every pack例如，在那些国家出售的香烟将必须在每包烟正反 面至少30的地方注明吸烟有害健康的警告。练习：1Paragraph l2Paragraph 23Paragraph 34Paragraph 4A What the FCTC DemandsB US Signing of the FCTCC Opposition to the FCTCD How the FCTC Came into BeingE What the FCTC Will Bring aboutF Ratification of the FCTC5Signing the FCTC is only the first step toward .6Countries that ratify the FCTC will have to，among other things， .7It is hoped that the FCTC will greatly help to reduce deaths .8Much more countries have signed the FCTC than those that .A Have ratified itB approving itC implement its provisionsD restrict smoking in public placesE caused by tobacco useD including higher tobacco taxes答案与题解：1B文章第一段主要讲美国朝着批准一项全球性烟草协议迈出了第一步，这一步指的就是美国本周在联合国签署了烟草控制框架性协议(FCTC)一事。2D文章第二段简要介绍了烟草控制框架性协议的形成过程。3A文章第三段列举了烟草控制框架性协议的一些具体要求。4E文章第四段通过列举吸烟所造成的危害旨在说明实施烟草控制框架性协议将产生的影响。5B通过文章的第一句可知，签署烟草控制框架性协议只是批准该协议的第一步。6D文章第二段说，通过烟草控制框架性协议的国家必须实施严格的烟草控制措施，而文章的第三段便列举了具体应实施的措施，其中便包括限制在公共场所吸烟。7E文章第四段的第一句说，实施烟草控制框架性协议将产生巨大的影响。接下来便列举了吸烟所造成的巨大危害。可见人们希望该协议的实施将大大减少吸烟所造成的危害，尤其是大量的死亡。8A从文章的第五段可知，签署烟草控制框架性协议的国家的数量大大超过通过该协议的国 家的数量。第八篇 How We Form First Impression l We all have first impression of someone we just metBut why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her-aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits 2 The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the worldYour brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a persons eyes，ears，noseor mouth ale placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different1In fact， your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information-the sights and sounds of your worldThese incoming “signals” are compared against2 a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals “mean” 3 If you see someone you know and like at school3,your brain says “familiar and safe.” If you see someone new, it says，“new-potentially threatening” .Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known” memories. The height，weight，dress，ethnicity，gestures，and tone of voice are all matched upThe more unfamiliar the characteristicsthe more your brain may say，“This is newI dont like this person”.0r else，“Im intrigued”. Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes，ethnicity，gestures-like your other friends；so your brain says：“I like this person”But these preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong44 When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking(not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child)that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of othersRather than learn about the depth and breadth of people-their history，interest, values，strengths，and true character-we categorize them as jocks，geeks，or freaks 5 However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly likeIf we spend time with a person，hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the persons character, we use a different，more mature style of thinkingand the most complex areas of our cortex, Which allow us to be humane词汇：traittreitn特点，特征，特性hosthustn一大群，许多simplisticsimplistikadj过分单纯化的sensorysensriadj感官的，感觉的categorical, ktigarikladj绝对的cortex/k:teksn脑皮层jockdk/adj骗子ethnicityenistin种族特点geekgi:kn反常的人intrigueintrigv激起兴趣stereotypesteriutaipV对产生成见；freakfri:kn怪人humanehjumeinadj有人情味的，人文的注释：1Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a persons eyes，ears，nose，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different从even开始到as different是个结果状语从句，相当于that even very minor，而 that是与主句中的so呼应的。2