中考定语从句ppt.ppt

Grammar AttributiveClauses定语从句 考点揭密 在复合句中修饰名词 代词 并由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句称为定语从句 定语从句所修饰的词 词组成句子 称为先行词 初中教材着重介绍了关系代词that which who所引导的定语从句 中考考点设置 1 定语从句为新教材着重要求掌握的内容 从2003年考题来看 全国均未作为重点考查项目 但定语从句的学习在阅读理解内容中出现频率较多 2 着重掌握引导词的选用 特别是一定的特定境况下只能用that 不能用which的情况 LiMingisaboy LiMingisagoodboy LiMingisagoodboy 形容词作定语 介词短语作定语 在复合句中 修饰一个名词或代词的从句作定语叫做定语从句 good withglasses whoiswearingglasses 句子作定语 定语可以由形容词 代词 数词 名词 分词 不定式 介词短语等来担任 修饰名词 以分词 介词短语为例 例 ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate Themandrivingtoofastwasdrunk 定语从句在英语中 修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句 例 ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisKate Themanwhowasdrivingtoofastwasdrunk 关系代词如何引导定语从句普通代词与关系代词的区别Ihaveasister SheworksinShanghai 代替sister普通代词 只起代替的作用 如上例she Ihaveasisterwho thatworksinShanghai 关系代词 如上例who which 1 代替先行词 2 它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分 3 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句 把主句和从句连起来 Thebuildingisourschool Thebuildingstandsbytheriver 关系代词的使用取决于先行词 它们的关系非常密切 因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词 所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后 而且它的人称 数必须和先行词一致 Thebuildingwhich thatstandsbytheriverisourschool 先行词关系词定语从句 which that是关系代词 它在从句中代替先行词thebuilding 同时担任从句中的主语 也起连词的作用 把两个简单句连接起来 关系词判断步骤 首先 要看先行词 如果先行词是指人 关系代词可用who that whom whose 如果先行词指物 关系代词可用which或that 然后 要确定关系词在从句中的成分 请看下表 指代 所做成分 是否可省略 that 人 物 主语 宾语 作宾语可省 which 物 主语 宾语 作宾语可省 who 人 主语 宾语 作宾语可省 whom 人 宾语 可省 whose 人 物 定语 不可省 关系代词的用法 最后 定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致 注 定语从句的时态不受主句的限制 Thewomanwho thatspokeatthemeetingyesterdayismymother 主句 Thewomanismymother 叙述客观事实用一般现在时 从句 Thewoman who that spokeatthemeetingyesterday 句中yesterday表示过去时间 thetallthestrongtheclever boy TheboyisTom TheboywhoistallisTom TheboywhoisstrongisTom TheboywhoiscleverisTom TheboyisTom Theboyissmiling TheboyisTom Theboyhasaroundface TheboywhoissmilingisTom 主语 TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom TheboyisTom Hesitsinfrontofme TheboywhositsinfrontofmeisTom 关系代词who that作主语 1 Yourfriendcametoseeyouyesterday 2 YourfriendstudiesinBeijingUniversity Yourfriendwho thatstudiesinBeijingUniversitycametoseeyouyesterday 关系代词whom that作宾语 1 Heistheman 2 Youhavebeenwaitingfortheman Heistheman whom that youhavebeenwaitingfor 关系代词which that作主语 1 Itsoundedlikeatrain 2 Atrainwasgoingundermyhouse Itsoundedlikeatrainwhich thatwasgoingundermyhouse 关系代词which that作宾语 1 Theearthisabigball 2 Weliveontheearth Theearth which that weliveonisabigball 关系代词 1 who指人 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 Theman who Italkedwithisourteacher Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief 2 whom指人 作宾语 作宾语可省略 如介词提前则不能省 Theman whom who ItalkedtoisMr Li ThemantowhomItalkedisMr Li Themaniskind Everyonelikeshim Theman who everyonelikesiskind 宾语 Thewomangotthejob Wesawheronthestreet Thewoman whom wesawonthestreetgotthejob Theteacherwillgiveusatalk Wemettheteacheryesterday Theteacher whom wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk 4 which指物 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 如介词提前则不能省 Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear TheTVset which heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan Isthisthelibrary which youborrowbooksfrom Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks apple theredthegreenthesmallthebig Theapplewhichisredismine Theapplewhichisgreenisyours Theapplewhichisredissmall Theapplewhichisgreenisbig 1 Thisisthehero whom weareproudof Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud Thisisthehero that weareproudof 2 Theroom that Iliveinisverybig Theroom which Iliveinisverybig TheroominwhichIliveisverybig TheroomwhereIliveisverybig 注意 固定动介词组不可分割 介词不能提前 例如 lookafter lookat 关系代词与介词 介词放在关系代词的前面时 介词宾语只能用which代物 用whom代人 介词在末尾时 关系词可以省略 关系代词 3 whose是代词的所有格形式 它既可以代人也可以代物 Pleaseshowmethebook Itscoverisred Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred Isawawoman Herbagwasstolen Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen 关系代词whose作定语 1 Doyouknowtheman 2 Theman swatchismissing Doyouknowthemanwhosewatchismissing 它还可以同ofwhich互换whose n then ofwhich 1 Pleasepassmethebook 2 Thebook scoverisgreen Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichisgreen Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen 1 YesterdayImetMrLi toldmethewholematter 2 Thisistheman daughterisinmyclass 3 Thebook theysentmeisverygood 练一练 who that which that whose 关系副词 关系副词是用来引导定语从句的 它和关系代词一样 在从句中代替先行词 在句中作状语 where 在从句中作地点状语 指代地点 when 在从句中作时间状语 指代时间 1 Thehotelwasn tclean Westayedatthehotel Thehotelwherewestayedwasn tclean Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasn tclean Thehotel which westayedatwasn tclean 2 I llneverforgettheday IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday I llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague I llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague 但要注意在以下6种情况下 指物时用that不用which who 1 先行词是all any everything anything nothing something much little few none theone等时 Thereismuchthatshouldbeused 2 先行词被all any no only little much very every some few none等修饰时 Ihavereadallthebooks that yougaveme Everydictionarythatourlibraryboughtisgood 练一练 1 Youmaytakeanythinguseful youwant 2 Thisistheverybook I mlookingfor 3 Thisistheonlything wecando 4 Weshoulddoall isusefultothepeople that that that that 3 当先行词前有形容词的最高级修饰时 ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread 4 先行词前有序数词修饰时 包括thelast ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten TheGreatWallisthelastplacethatMr SmithisgoingtovisitbeforeheleavesBeijing 5 在以which who作主语的特殊疑问句中的定语从句中 Whoisthemanthatisreadingabookthere Whichisthemagazinethatyouborrowedfromthereadingroom 6 当先行词既有表示人又有表示物的词时 Wetalkedofthethingsandpersonsthatweremembered 注 who that在指人可以通用 但下列宜用who 不用that先行词是anyone someone those时 关系词使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere Exercise1 用关系代词填空 Theboy isplayingping pongismyclassmate Thee mail Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister Ihatepeople talkmuchbutdolittle Thecar myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful who that which that who that which that 5 Theman hairiswhiteishisgrandfather 6 Isthereastudent fatherisabusinessman 7 Thisisthehousein wehavelivedfor10years 8 I veneverheardofthepeopleandthings youtalkedaboutjustnow whose whose which that 当先行词同时指人和物时 关系代词只能用that Exercise2 Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings theycouldn tremember Sayall youknow Isthereanything Icandoforyou that that that 当先行词是something anything nothing all等词时 关系代词只能用that 4 Thisisthefirstplay IhaveseensinceIcamehere 5 Thisisthebestnovel Ihaveread that that 当先行词被序数词 最高级等词修饰时 关系代词只能用that 6 Whoisthegirl isstandingunderthetree 7 Whichisthemachine weusedlastSunday 当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句 而中心词指人或物时 关系代词只能用that that that 1 Theperson youshouldwritetoisMrBall 2 Theteacherfrom IlearntmostwasMrsZhu 3 Therunner youareaskingaboutisoverthere 4 Thegirl youarelookingforisintheclassroom 5 Themeeting weshalltakepartinwillbeheldinahotel 6 Thefactory Iworkedinforovertwoyearshasbeenclosed 7 Theairport is30kilometresawayistheonlyoneinthecity8 Theperson wontheracewasawomanfromSichuan who whom that whom who whom that who whom that that which that which that which who that 3 Sheheardaterriblenoise broughtherheartintohermouth A itB whichC thisD that4 Haveyoufoundthewoman pursewaslost A herB ofwhichC thatD whose 5 Mr Smithistheonlyoneofthoseforeignerswho inChina A workB isworkingC areworkingD hadworking6 All canbedonehasbeendone A WhichB thatC whatD who 7 Whenhecamebackfromabroad Johntoldhisparentsaboutthecitiesandthepeople hehadvisited A whoB whichC whereD that8 Hisparentswouldn tlethimmarryanyone familywaspoor A ofwhomB whomC ofwhoseD whose Matchthetwosentences1 I mreadingabook ThebookisaboutBillGates 2 Heisateacher TheteacherteachesusChinese 3 Idon tliketheman Heissmoking 4 Whereisthepicture Youboughtitlastweek I mreadingabookthat whichisaboutBillGates Heisateacherwho thatteachesusChinese Idon tlikethemanwho thatissmoking Whereisthepicture that which youboughtlastweek 由Who引导的定语从句 在句中做主语 宾语 1 Doyouknowtheman istalkingwithyourfather A whomB whoC which2 Theboys theteachertalkedtoarefromClassOne A whenB whichC who3 Those wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning A whoB whichC whom 4 Thegentleman youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief A whoB aboutwhomC whom5 Thedoctor youarelookingforisintheroom A whomB whatC which6 Theteacherfor youarewaitinghascome A whoB whomC that 由Whom引导的定语从句 在句中做宾语 7 Hepreferstoeattherice inthesouth A whoisgrownB whichisgrownC thatisgrown8 Theknife Icuttheapplewithcan tbefound A whichB whoC what9 Theroomin therearemanybooksismine A thatB whoC which10 Thisisthepen heboughtyesterday A whichB whoC that 由Which引导的定语从句 在句中做主语 宾语 11 Sheheardaterriblenoise broughtherheartintohermouth A thatB whichC who12 Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood wasmorethanwecouldexpect A whatB whichC that13 Jimwasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay ofcourse madetheothersunhappy A whichB whoC what 由Which引导的非限定性定语从句 不能用that 14 Achild parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan A whichB hisC whose15 Thisbookisforthestudents native 本国的 languageisnotEnglish A thatB ofwhomC whose16 Theboy compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup A whoB whoseC that 由Whose引导的定语从句 在句中做定语 26 Thespeakerspokeofsomewritersandsomebooks werepopularthen A whoB thatC which 先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导 Thenecklace yougavemeformybirthdayisgood A whoB whereC whichD what 典型例题解析 C Pollywasthethief stoleMum snecklace A whoB whereC whichD what A Theone hegavemeisblack A whoB thatC whichD what B ThisisthemostinterestingstoryIhaveheardof A whichB thatC whoD what Theone oneathousanddollarsturnedouttobefalse A whichcost B whichspend C thatcost D thatspend 典型例题解析 C ThisisthefirstarticlehehaswritteninEnglish A whichB thatC whoD what B B 单项选择1 Thereisnothing Icando A thatB which C whoD what 2 Doyouknowtheman iswearingglasses A whoB which C whatD where 3 Theboy isplayingfootballismybrother A whichB who C whatD where 4 I llneverforgettheday Ifirstmether A whatB who C whichD when 5 Ican tfindthebook mymotherboughtme A whoB when C whichD what A A B D C 6 Thefilm Isawyesterdaywasveryinteresting A whoB when C whatD that 7 Thisisthepan Iheatthemilk A whichB where C withwhichD inwhich 8 Isthereanything Icanhelpyou A thatB which C whoD what 9 All isneededisafewhandstohelpwiththework A whatB that C whichD things 10 Isthisthefactory youwishtovisit A thatB where C whenD what D D A B A 11 I mreadingabook iswrittenbyLuxun A whichB who C whatD when 12 Iliketheteacher gaveusatalklastweek A whoB which C whenD where 13 Thisisoneofthebeautifulmountains Ihaveseenbefore A whichB who C whatD that 14 After20yearshewentbacktothecity heusedtolive A whereB when C whatD that 15 MrGreenisonlyoneofthoseforeigners areworkinginChina A thatB which C whomD whose A A D A A 16 Mynecklaceisnottheonlything ismissing A whichB that C whatD where 17 Ihatepeople talkedmuchbutdo A who fewB that few C which littleD who little 18 I llshootanyone moves A whichB when C whereD who 19 Idon tknowthereason hewaslatethismorning A whatB when C whyD who 20 Wearelookingforathief parrotsandnecklaces A wholikestealing B wholikesstealing C thatliketosteal D whichlikestosteal B D D B C 单项选择 1 Thisisthejob theylaughedat A whichB asC itD who2 BeihaiParkisabeautifulpark builtabout300yearsago A wherewasB thatwereC whichwasD where3 Whowasthegrey hairedman atyesterday smeeting A wesawhimB wesawC wesawwhoD shewasseen4 Theman ispaintingthehouseismyuncle A heB whomC whoseD who5 Whatistheanimal babyissleepinginitspocket A whoB whoseC itsD which A C B D B 6 Thisbo