高考英语 专题解析阅读理解 考点分类导练课件.pptVIP

考点分类导练 根据上下文猜测生词的含义是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能 因此 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型 这类题包括猜测单词 短语 句子的意思和判断指代内容 要求考生根据语境猜测生词 短语或句子的意思 或者推断熟词生义 题干中常含有mean referto bereplacedby等 如 技巧点拨 解答这类试题最重要的方法是理解含生词部分的上下文 也就是人们常说的语境 来推测其意思 以下是可供参考的几个小技巧 1 根据接近或递进关系 由and或or等可确定生词的义域 推知它的大致意义 2 根据选择或相对关系 对比or 要么 或者 前面和后面的句子或词语 来猜测生词的含义 3 根据同位或解释关系 通过生词后的定语 定语从句或分词短语等 表语 同位语 逗号 括号 破折号等的解释说明来推测其意思 4 根据转折或对比关系 由上下句之间的转折或对比关系来推测词义 5 根据因果关系 根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思 既可由因推果 也可由果推因 6 根据列举的实例 根据suchas forexample等后列举的实例也可推测出前面某个词语的意思 7 根据并列同类关系 一般说来 并列的几个事物应属同类事物 由此可推测其中一个的大概意思 考题中若要求我们猜测熟悉词语的意思 我们必须通过上下文得出其在特定场合下的特殊意思 那些常规含义的选项不会是要选择的正确答案 注意 经典例题 阅读下列文段 从每题所给的a b c和d项中 选出最佳选项 recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse however beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotbringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace 61 whatdoestheunderlinedphrase thatover consumption referto a usingtoomuchpackaging b recyclingtoomanywastes c makingmoreproductsthannecessary d havingmorematerialthanisneeded 解析 据上文推测 由上文的wealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed很易选出d 但我们也可根据构词法来猜测 我们学过动词consume 消费 消耗 可知consumption应为其名词形式 前面加上over 超过 的over consumption应为 过度消费 过度消耗 之意 故选d 课堂练习 阅读所选文段 从每题所给的a b c和d项中 选出最佳选项 1 candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome peoplewhoarethinkingaboutadoptingadogasafriendfortheircatsareworriedthattheywillfight arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeofsuccess accordingtothestudy ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog andiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyoung lessthan6monthsforcats ayearfordogs itishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly two thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog 31 theunderlinedwordswimminglyinparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto a earlyb sweetlyc quicklyd smoothly 1 d据上下文推测 本文首句以疑问句candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome 开头 接着就是与此相关的调研结果或回答 由表明研究结果的句子 arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeofsuccess 和调查结果的句子 two thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog 可知 两者 相处得好 故选d 2 whensomethinggoeswrong itcanbeverysatisfyingtosay well it sso and so sfault or iknowi mlate butit snotmyfault thecarbrokedown itisprobablynotyourfault butonceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation youarealoser youhavenopowerandcoulddonothingthathelpschangethesituation however youcanhavegreatpoweroverwhathappenstoyouifyoustopfocusingonwhomtoblameandstartfocusingonhowtoremedythesituation thisisthewinner skeytosuccess 47 theunderlinedwordremedyinparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto a avoidb acceptc improved consider 2 c据上文推测 由上文 你没有能力也不可能 改变the bad situation 然而 你可以remedythesituation 根据这种转折的逻辑关系可推出 remedy应是 改善 之意 3 weoncehadapostercompetitioninourfifthgradeartclass youcouldwinprizes ourteachertoldusasshewrotetheposterinformationontheblackboard westudiedtheboardcritically someofuslookedwithoneeyeandheldupcertaincolorsagainsttheblackboard rockingthesheetstotherightorleftwhileweconjuredupourdesigns otherstwistedtheirhairaroundtheirfingersorchewedtheireraserswhiledeepinthought wehadplansforthatten dollargrandprize eachandeveryoneofus 3 a据近义推测 上下句是some other 句式 whileweconjuredupourdesigns的对应部分是whiledeepinthought 可见conjuredup是deepinthought的近意表达 意为 思考 构想 故选a 47 theunderlinedphraseinparagraph3mostprobablymeans a formedanideaforb madeanoutlineforc madesomespaceford chosesomecolorsfor 3 a据近义推测 上下句是some other 句式 whileweconjuredupourdesigns的对应部分是whiledeepinthought 可见conjuredup是deepinthought的近意表达 意为 思考 构想 故选a 4 parentsandkidstodaydressalike listentothesamemusic andarefriends sometimes whenmr ballmerandhis16 year olddaughter elizabeth listentorockmusictogetherandtalkaboutinterestsbothenjoy suchaspopculture heremembershismoredistantrelationshipwithhisparentswhenhewasateenager iwouldneverhavesaidtomymom hey thenewweezeralbum 威瑟乐团的专辑 isreallygreat howdoyoulikeit saysballmer therewasjustacompletegapintaste musicwasnottheonlygulf fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations earliergenerationsofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbits 41 theunderlinedword gulf inpara 3mostprobablymeans a interestb distancec differenced separation today thegenerationgaphasnotdisappeared butitisgettingnarrowinmanyfamilies 4 c据近义或反义推测 因 musicwasnottheonlygulf 与上段末句是递进关系 可见gulf与gap是近义关系 这里是回忆过去与现在 文章首段 的对比 可见这里的gulf与文章首段首句中的alike和same是反义关系 因此 gulf的意思是 差异 difference 5 familyresearchersofferavarietyofreasonsfortheseevolvingrolesandattitudes theyseethe1960sasaturningpoint greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay 有发言权 myparentswereonthe before sideofthatchange buttoday sparents the40 year olds wereonthe after side explainsmr ballmer 44 bysaying today sparents the40 year olds wereonthe after side theauthormeansthattoday sparents a followthetrendofthechangeb cansetalimittothechangec failtotakethechangeseriouslyd havelittledifficultyadjustingtothechange 5 a据上文推断 结合上一段可知 today sparents就是60年代后的父母 他们与孩子有更多的交流 更加民主 他们应当是 顺应这种变化趋势 的 故选a 课外作业 1 wehavetwodaughters kristenissevenyearsoldandkellyisfour lastsundayevening weinvitedsomepeoplehomefordinner theguestsarrived iintroducedmytwodaughterstoeachofthem theadultswereniceandkindandsaidhowluckyweweretohavesuchgoodkids eachoftheguestsmadeaparticularfussoverkelly theyoungerone admiringherdress herhairandhersmile theysaidshewasaremarkablegirltobecarryingcoatsupstairsatherage ithoughttomyselfthatweadultsusuallymakeabig todo overtheyoungeronebecauseshe stheonewhoseemsmoreeasilyhurt wedoitwiththebestofintentions butweseldomthinkofhowitmightaffecttheotherchild 56 theunderlinedexpression makeabig todo over paragraph4 means a showmuchconcernaboutb haveaspecialeffectonc listjobstobedoneford dogoodthingsfor 1 a据因果关系或近义推测 本句 因为她是似乎更易受到伤害的那一个 所以我们成年人就对年幼的那个格外关注 可见答案为a 另外 由上句中与之近义的madeaparticularfussoverkelly theyoungerone admiringherdress herhairandhersmile也可推出 2 beingconsideredaleaderinoursocietyisindeedofhighpraise leadershipmeanspower commandsrespectand mostimportant encouragesachievement unlikevitaminc leadershipskillscan tbeeasilyswalloweddown theymustbecarefullycultivated differentfrompopularbelief mostgoodleadersaremade notborn theylearntheirskillsintheireverydaylives butwhichdotheydevelop howdothey andhowcanyou getotherstofollow 60 theunderlinedword cultivated paragraph1 roughlymeans a encouragedb comparedc examinedd developed 2 d据对比关系和下文解释 由前句 领导艺术不像 unlike 维生素c一样一口吞下 可知 领导艺术必须是慢慢培养的 下段的解释就更为清楚 aremade learn intheireverydaylife 特别是butwhichdotheydevelop 中的develop 非常明显地告诉我们答案是d 3 thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves hesaid scientistsareworkingtousethatenergytomakeelectricity mostwavesarecreatedwhenwindsblowacrosstheocean thewindstartsoutbymakinglittleripples 涟漪 butiftheykeeponblowing thoseripplesgetbiggerandbiggerandturnintowaves taylorsaid wavesareoneofnature swaysofpickingupenergyandthensendingitoffonajourney 65 theunderlinedphrase pickingup paragraph2 isclosestinmeaningto a startingagainb speedingupc gatheringd improving 3 c据前提条件与结果推测 首先要 聚集 gather 能量 然后才能将其发送出去 sendingitoff 也可用代入检验法排除法 用其他选项代入原句 也后面的sendingitoff在逻辑上也都讲不通 此外 还可从前句中的getbiggerandbigger得到提示 4 iftheworldwereavillageof1 000people one thirdofthepeopleinthevillagearechildren andonly60areovertheageof65 justunderhalfofthemarriedwomeninthevillagehaveaccesstomodernequipment aboutone thirdhaveaccesstoclean safedrinkingwater ofthe670adultsinthevillage halfcannotreadnorwrite 62 theunderlinedpart haveaccessto inpara 4 means a useb buyc produced try 4 a代入检验排除法 用 生产 和 试验 代入句中 根据常识即可排除选项c和d 由下文 ofthe670adultsinthevillage halfcannotreadnorwrite 可知 还有半数成年人非常贫穷 用 不起现代设备 5 whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective 65 theunderlinedpart thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff meansthatthecolours a attractedthecustomersstronglyb hadweakeffectsonthecustomersc trickedthecustomersintoshoppingd causedthecustomerstoloseinterest 5 d据因果关系推测 由 becausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective 因为这些颜色使这种药看起来没有效果 可知 这些颜色会使顾客对这样的药失去兴趣 要求考生根据语境判断代词 this that it they them one等 或代动词 do does did等 究竟指代什么 题干中通常含有referto 技巧点拨 一般说来 代词的指代内容大多在它的前一句中 或者前几个句子中 有时也在它的后一句中 找到指代的内容后把它放在这个代词的位置上 看一看这句话是否合理 与前后的内容是否一致 然后再判定它是否为正确答案 经典例题 阅读下列文段 从每题所给的a b c和d项中 选出最佳选项 asawoman ifeelunsafehere ispendabombontaxisbecauseiwillnottakepublictransportafter10p m iusedtouseit butnowi mafraid 58 theunderlinedpart it inpara 4 refersto a ataxib themoneyc abombd publictransport解析 句中it应是指代前一句中的publictransport 用publictransport代入句中 该句话是合理的 前后意义一致 故选d 课堂练习 1 bytheendoftheseventeenthcentury whennewspaperswerebeginningtobereadbymorepeople printedmaterialsbecameanimportantwaytopromoteproductsandservices thelondongazettewasthefirstnewspapertosetasideaplacejustforadvertising thiswassosuccessfulthatbytheendofthecenturyseveralcompaniesstartedbusinessesforthepurposeofmakingnewspaperadsformerchants 61 whatdoestheword this inparagraph2referto a advertisinginnewspapers b includingpicturesinads c sellinggoodsinmarkets d workingwithadagencies 1 a由本句前面的newspapertosetasideaplacejustforadvertising可以推出 2 mymostvividmemoryisbeingwokenandbroughtdowntositonmyfather sknee hisarminabandage hewasjudgedunfittoreturntoseaandtookashorejobinglasgowfortherestofthewar foraslongasicanremember hehadaweakheart mothersaiditwascausedbythetorpedoes hesaiditwasbecauseofthecigarettes whichever hediedsuddenlyinhisearly50s 63 theunderlinedword it inparagraph6referstothefather s a weakheartb takingashorejobc failuretoreturntosead injurycausedbyatorpedo 2 a由本段第2句中的hehadaweakheart可知 it指weakheart 3 withinweeksoftherace henryfordformedanewautomobilecompany inthe1903 adoctorindetroitboughtthefirstcarfromthecompany thatsalewasthebeginningofhenryford sdream fordsaid iwillbuildamotorcarforthegreatmassofpeople a thesellingoffordcarsatreducedpricesb thesaleofmodelttothemassofpeoplec thesellingofacartoadetroitdoctord thesalestargetforthefordcompany 64 thatsale inparagraph4refersto 3 c由前后句的意义衔接关系可知 这笔交易 是指前句的 特律的一名医生购买了这个公司的第一辆汽车 4 auniversityeducationisofhugeanddirectbenefittotheindividual graduatesearnmorethannon graduates meanwhile socialmobilityisevermoredependentonhavingadegree however onlysomepeoplehaveit sotheindividual notthetaxpayers shouldpayforit therearepressingcallsontheresources 资源 ofthegovernment usingtaxpayers moneytohelpasmallnumberofpeopletoearnhighincomesinthefutureisnotoneofthem 68 theunderlinedword them refersto a taxpayersb pressingcallsc collegegraduatesd governmentresources 4 b由前后的意义衔接关系可知 是代替前句中的pressingcalls 前句说 政府资源有一些迫切需要的地方要用 而 用纳税人的钱来帮助一小部分人在未来获得更高收入并不是政府迫切需要花钱的地方 5 theresearchersstudiedculturaldifferencesintherecognitionoffacialexpressionsbyrecordingtheeyemovementsof13westerncaucasianand13eastasianpeoplewhiletheyobservedpicturesofexpressivefaces itturnedoutthateasternersfocusedmuchgreaterattentionontheeyesandmadesignificantlymoreerrorsthandidwesterners theculturaldifferenceineyemovementsthattheyshowisprobablyareflectionofculturaldifferenceinfacialexpressions jacksaid ourdatasuggestthatwhereaswesternersusethewholefacetoconveyemotion easternersusetheeyesmoreandmouthless a theparticipantsinthestudy b theresearchersofthestudy c theerrorsmadeduringthestudy d thedatacollectedfromthestudy 68 whatdoestheunderlinedword they referto 5 a前一段说到研究人员选取了13个西方白种人和13个东方亚洲人 通过观察他们的眼部运动来研究文化差异 此处thattheyshow是修饰eyemovement的定语从句 意为 他们表现出来的眼部运动 这个 他们 自然就是指在这项研究中参加测试的那26个人 故选a 课外作业 1 youarenevergoingtowin ifjohnwantstoseethem icannotstophim he stheirfather iwantthemtoseehim however hisvisitinhispresentconditionwilldisturbthechildren sstablelife john whohasspentmuchofhistimeincaliforniarecently hasonlyhiredahouseforhimselfinpennsylvania accordingtohislawyer ifhe dliketosticktoaregularlife i dbemorethanhappytodothat janesays 58 whatdoes todothat refertointhesecondparagraph a tolivewithjohn b tohireahouseforjohn c toallowjohntoseethechildren d toaskjohntosetuparegularlife 1 c指代上文内容 由前文信息 he stheirfather iwantthemtoseehim 可知 todothat是指 允许她的丈夫john探望孩子 故选c 2 bigsolarplantsandtheirpowerlineswillalsohaveeffectsfarbeyondtheirdirectfootprintinthewest thisisnotanargumentagainstbuildingthem weneedalternativeenergybadly andtoreallytakeadvantageofitweneedtobeabletomoveelectricityaroundfarmorereadilythanwecannow 68 whatdoestheunderlinedword it inpara 3referto a theamericaneastb theamericanwestc theargumentd thealternativeenergy 2 d词义猜测题 由该词前面的weneedalternativeenergybadly andtoreallytakeadvantageof可知 3 alcoholmaytakeafewminutestobeabsorbedintothebloodstreamandstartactiononthebrain absorptionrateisincreasedwhendrinkingonanemptystomachorwhenconsumingdrinksmixedwithfruitjuice togetridofalcoholfromthebodyisaveryslowprocessanditisnotpossibletospeeditupwithanymeasuresliketakingashowerorhavingacupofteaorcoffee 57 theunderlinedword it inthesecondparagraphrefersto a alcoholb absorptionc bloodd process 3 d词义猜测题 由该词前面的togetridofalcoholfromthebodyisaveryslowprocess可知 4 themulti millionpoundnewlibraryofbirmingham lob willbethemostvisiblesignofthewaythecityisacceptingthedigitalization 数字化 ofeverydaylife asdigitalmediaisimportanttoitsidea theprojectisalreadyprovidingchancesforsomeofthemanysmallnewlocalcompaniesworkingatthenewtechnologies a theequipmentb theprojectc thedigitalmediad thephysicallibrary 51 theunderlinepart itsidea inparagraph3referstotheideaof 4 b指的上文中出现的 thelobproject 也指下文的theproject 本句大意为 数字媒体对这项 工程 很重要 故选b 5 hereliestheproblemfortravelwriterandfoodcritic 评论家 ediejarolim ialwayslovedtravelingandalwayslikedtoeat butitneveroccurredtomethaticouldmakemoneydoingbothofthosethings 1 theunderlinedword both inparagraph2refersto a travelingandworkingb writingandshoppingc travelingandeatingd writingandeating 5 c由前一分句ialwayslovedtravelingandalwayslikedtoeat可知 我们阅读一篇文章 首先是要了解其大意 明确其主旨 因此 主旨大意题是常考题 主旨大意题包括 主要内容 mainidea mainlyabout 型 文章标题 title 型 写作目的 purpose 型 五年来共考了8道题 其中mainlyabout只考过1题 2008 title题考了3题 2007 2010 2011 purpose题考了4题 2007 2008 2009 2011 技巧点拨 弄清文章的大意 关键是找到主题句 主题句的位置 主题句通常在文首 文末或首尾呼应 有时也在文中 或没有主题句 需根据文章所述内容进行归纳 各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句 议论文和说明文一般有主题句 但记叙文通常没有主题句 需要归纳 找主题句的方法 用浏览法 skimming 即快速阅读文首 文尾 或每段的首句和尾句等 搜索主题线索和主题信息 1 段落中出现表转折的词语 如however but infact actually等 时 该句很可能是主题句 2 首段出现疑问句时 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨 找主题句的四个小窍门 3 作者有意识地反复重复的观点 通常是主旨 反复出现的词语 一般为体现文章主旨的关键词 4 表示总结或结论的话常有therefore thus inshort conclude conclusion等 经典例题 sometimesyou llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan tloveothersuntilyouloveyourself sureweallknowthatwe retheappleofourparents eyes butsometimesit salothardertothinksuchnicethoughtsaboutourselves ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge itistimeyoubuildapositiveself imageandlearntoloveyourself self imageisyourownmind spictureofyourself thuschangingthewayyouthinkaboutyourselfisthekeytochangingyourself imageandyourwholeworld thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself imageistostepbackanddecidetostressyoursuccesses itverywellmightbethatyouareexperiencinganegativeself imagebecauseyoucan tmovepastoneflaworweaknessthatyouseeaboutyourself thebestwaytogetridofanegativeserf imageistorealizethat 解析 由第1段最后一句itistimeyoubuildapositiveself image 第3段首句thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself imageisto 最后一段的首句thebestwaytogetridofanegativeserf imageisto 都说明本文是讲如何消除否定的自我形象 建立肯定的自我形象的 故选c 49 whatisthepassagemainlyabout a howtoprepareforyoursuccess b howtofacechallengesinyourlife c howtobuildapositiveself image d howtodevelopyourgoodqualities 课堂练习 阅读下列短文 从每题所给的四个选项 a b c和d 中 选出最佳选项 原文略 见资料书p59 1 thepurposeofthefirstparagraphisto a definethesecretofsuccessb attractreaders curiositytoreadonc askthereadersforsolutionsd persuadethereaderstobelieveintheargument 1 b写作意图题 作者通过一系列的问题开篇 目的在于引起读者对这些问题的思考 从而产生阅读本文的兴趣 选项a define 是 下定义 的意思 第一段并没有解释 说明 秘密 这个概念 因此不能选a 2 theunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2probablymeansthat a alifewithoutproblemsdependsonone sattitudeb everylivingpersonhashisowntroublesc everyonewillexperiencesuccessandfailured problemswillbesolvedastimegoesby 2 b细节理解题 该句话的意思是 没有烦恼的人生只能是一种幻想 是沙漠中的海市蜃楼 因此选项b最贴切 a unwiselyendingone slifewillleadtogreaterproblems b tofacetheproblempositivelycallsforcourage c one spositivereactiontotheproblemmakesthesolutionbetter d drowningoneselfinwineismorethanatemporarysolution 3 d细节理解题 根据第三段最后1句可得知 借酒消愁 沉溺毒品 自杀 这些消极应对方式只会让问题更为棘手 只是迫在眉睫的问题的临时的 temporary 解决方法 选项d意思刚好与此意相反 morethanatemporarysolution 意思是 不仅仅是一个临时性的解决方法 3 whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutthesolutionstoafinancialsetback 4 whichofthefollowingsayingbestsummarizesthelastparagraph a allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy b neverputoffwhatyoucandotilltomorrow c stormsalwaysgivewaytothesun d timeandtidewaitfornoman 4 c段落大意题 最后一段总结得出 意志坚韧的人之所以能度过难关是因为他们保持积极乐观的态度并能够坚持到底 同时也指出 每一个难题都有其终结之道 没有解决不了的难题 选项c的意思是 风雨过后见彩虹 点出该段的中心 a contributionsofpositivereactionstosuccessb waystodealwithlifeproblemsc positivereactionstofinancialsetbacksd effectsonnegativereactions 5 thepassageismainlyabout 5 a主旨大意题 根据文章第一段和第二段第1 2句以及最后一段 得知坚韧的人成功的秘密就在于乐观面对挫折 全文围绕此中心逐步展开论述 本文不是强调处理生活问题的方法 ways 因此选项b不符合全文重点 不具体 选项c d仅是文章提及的部分内容 不是全文主旨 whenyoucontrolyourreactiontotheseeminglyuncontrollableproblemoflife theninfactyoudocontroltheproblem seffectonyou 难句理解 结构分析 when引导的状语从句中 使用形容词uncontrollable修饰名词词组problemoflife 并使用副词seemingly进一步修饰形容词uncontrollable 该状语从句的主句使用助动词do强调动词control 以加强语气 汉语大意 当面对似乎不可操控的人生问题时 你控制住了自己的反应 事实上 你就已经抑制住了该问题对你的影响 enablesb todo使某人能够做某事resolvevt 解决financialadj 经济的inthefinalanalysis总之solutionn 解决措施permanentadj 永恒的 助读词汇 课外作业 原文略 见资料书p60 enthusiasticandexcitedb cheerfulandconfidentc independentandarrogantd selflessandstubborn 1 samis aftergettinghisdog 1 b推理判断题 从文章第二段的第二句josiehelpssambemoreindependentandhasalsohadahugeimpactonhisconfidence 与第三句thankstodogsforthedisabled theirtrainersandvolunteers weareahappyfamilynow 可知答案应选b a samwasquitesorrowfulbecausehewaslookeddownupon b sam smotherplayedavitalroleinhelpingsamtorecover c anumberofpeopleweremovedbysamandjosie sstory d josie sskillsandpersonalitycouldsatisfysam srequirements 2 whatcanweknowfrompara3 2 d推理判断题 从文中第三段的第三句josie whowasnearlytwo hadbeenspeciallytrainedbythecharityandherskillsandpersonalityhadbeenmatchedtomeetsam sneeds 可知答案应选d a makefriendswiththepeoplewhoneedfriendsintheirlifeb givepeoplewithphysicaldisabilitiescourageandfinancialhelpc hel