二轮冠词名词.doc

语法专项复习学案(一)冠词和名词教师寄语：Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.心之所愿，无事不成。网络构建：冠词冠词又称小品词，是一种不能单独使用的虚词。它只能附在一个名词上，帮助说明这个名词的含义。冠词可分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词三种。1不定冠词的基本用法要特别注意以下几点：(1)用在介词of后面的名词前表示某一特性，同the same.(2）用于coffee, food, tea, fruit, fog, rain, snow, wind等物质名词前，表示“一种，一杯，一场”之意。A heavy rain fell yesterday. I would like a coffee and two beers.(3)用于某些抽象名词前，表示具体的人或事。Music is really a great pleasure.They regard overpopulation as a danger to society.(4)用于专有名词之前表示类似的一个或某一个。A John called during your absence.(5)在表示季节、月份、日期、三餐等的名词前有修饰词时。We had a very cold winter last year. We will have a business lunch next week.(6)不定冠词a或an用于形容词最高级前无比较含义，表示程度，意为“很，非常”。 He is a most wise man.(7)不定冠词a或an用于序数词前表示“再，又”。I need a second cup of coffee.2定冠词的用法要注意以下几点：(1)用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表示发明物等的名词前 The earth moves around the sun.Alexander Grand Bell invented the telephone in 1876.(2)用在序数词和形容词最高级前以及由普通名词构成的专有名词前Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.I have been to the Great Wall twice.(3）用在某些形容词前表示一类人物或用在姓氏前表示一家人The Greens live a happy life.(4)用在表示计量的名词前：by the计量的名词单数,但是如果名词为抽象名词，则不加冠词。They sell vegetables by weight.As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid by the hour.(5）与表示乐器的名词连用 I like playing the violin.(6）用在the比较级的句型中 The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.(7）用在形容词very/only/right/following/same之前和just之后Dont make the same mistake again.The soup is just the thing for a cold winters day.(8)用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前It is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education.3零冠词的用法要注意以下几点：(1)表示季节、月份、星期和节日的名词前和学科、语言、三餐、球类运动、棋类游戏的名词前不用冠词January 1 is New Years Day. I like physics though its a bit difficult.误区警示表示语言的名词之后有language时则要加定冠词，如the English language如果表示季节的名词指具体某年的某个季节，需加定冠词in the spring of the year 2008 在2008年的春天(2)连系动词turn后作表语的单数可数名词不用冠词。 The young worker has turned writer. (3）当school, hospital, church等词表示建筑物的用途时，常不用冠词。 He is very ill and he has to go to hospital.(4 )as/though引导的让步状语从句中，如果作表语的名词置于句首，习惯上单数名词前不用冠词Child as/though she is, she plays the violin perfectly. (5)no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词No such thing has ever happened in this village. (6)一人兼多种身份的情况，只在第一个名词前使用冠词，其他名词前不再使用冠词，如a clerk and writer（职员兼作家）。误区警示(1)若指不同的人则每一个名词前都需要使用冠词，如a clerk and a writer(一名职员和一位作家)(2)在某些独立主格结构，如“单数名词介词短语”中，名词前不用冠词。He rushed into the classroom, book in hand.(3)在某些固定词组、习惯用法中，不用冠词。成对使用的词。father and son, husband and wife, knife and fork, hand in hand, sun and moon, etc.介词短语。from door to door, at noon/midnight/night, in case of fire动词短语。catch fire, catch sight of, come to power, watch TV等。(4)有些词组中，有无冠词意义大不相同：sit at table吃饭sit at the table坐在桌旁be in charge of负责be in the charge of由负责；在掌管之下by day在白天by the day按日计算in possession of拥有in the possession of为拥有 in sight of 能看见；in the sight of在某人看来in place of代替in the place of在的地方be of age成年of an age 同龄 in hospital住院in the hospital在医院（参观或工作）make beds制作床make the bed整理床铺by sea乘船by the sea在大海旁on watch值班on the watch留神名词名词的数不规则变化(1）单复数同形，如deer, sheep, Chinese, means等。(2）单数形式复数内容，如people, police, cattle等。(3）改变元音的词，如womanwomen, toothteeth等。(4）变换词尾的词，如child children, ox oxen phenomenonphenomena等。误区警示复合名词变成复数时有3种情况：把结尾词变成复数，如grown-upgrown-ups, go-between go-betweens,把主体名词变成复数，如sister-in-law sisters-in-law, editor-in-chiefeditors-in-chief.把两个组成部分都变成复数，这种复合名词的第一个名词须是man或woman，如man doctormen doctors, woman cookwomen cooks.不可数名词1常用作不可数名词的词 下列名词通常用作不可数名词：fun, advice, weather, progress, information, bread; butter, baggage, clothing, equipment, furniture, homework，juice, luggage, luck, music, milk, meat, production, permission, practice, rubber, rice, soup, wealth, word（news)2有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。如：goods货物，商品；ashes骨 灰，遗骸；glasses眼镜；sands沙滩；woods树林 times时代；drinks饮料；arms武器；looks外表；manners礼貌；damages赔偿金；lines台词；works工厂，著作，工事；brains头脑；customs海关，关税；irons镣铐；regards问候；pains努力；conditions条件；contents目录；spirits酒精；waters水域3单复数同形词Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人，sheep绵羊，deer鹿，series系列，mean方式，works工厂，fish鱼，fruit水果，crossroad十字路口，horsepower马力jin斤等单复数形式相同，其中fish, fruit 表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes , fruits 4.不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，不能变复数，不能加不定冠词，但有些不可数名词在特定情景下可转化为具体名词。如：paper, tea, beer, coffee, glass, difficulty, experience, failure等。名词的句法作用1.)作定语(1)表材料的名词作定语，说明被修饰的名词是什么原料制成的。stone figures石像gold medal金牌 (2)表示地点的名词作定语，说明被修饰的名词存在或发的地点。 country music乡村音乐post office邮局 ，school education学校教育(3）表示用途、性质的名词作定语。coffee cup咖啡杯sports shoes运动鞋2)作宾语补足语We made him monitor of our class.我们选他当我们的班长。注意：作宾语补足语的名词是表示职位、头衔的词 如: monitor, chairman, president, head, king, captain等）时，这类名词前不加冠词。该情况也适用于表语和同位语。巩固练习 专题一 冠词和名词1.（2011全国II） As he reached _front door, Jack saw _strange sight. A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填a D. the; a2.（2011陕西卷）As is known to all, Peoples Republic of China is biggest developing country in the world. A. the ; 不填 B. 不填 ；the C. the ；the D.不填；不填3.（2011四川卷）Dr.Peter Spemce, headmaster of the school, told us, fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.A.不填；A B.不填；The C. the; The D. a; A4.（2011江西卷）-Its said that John will be in a job paying over 860,00 _ year and also get paid by _ week.A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D. a; a5.（2011全国新课标卷）It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; 不填6.（2011浙江卷）Experts think that _recently discovered painting may be _ Picasso. A. the. 不填 B. a; the C. a;不填 D. the; a7.(2011山东卷).Take your time-its just _short distance from here to _ restaurant.A.不填；the B. a; the C. the; a D.不填；a8.（2011重庆卷） In communication, a smile is usually _ strong sign of a friendly and _ open attitude.A. the, / B. a, an C. a, / D. the, an9.（2011四川卷）Always remember put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens .A. touch B. sight C .reach D. distance16.（2011江西卷）Whats the_, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself?A. sympathy B. theme C. object D. point10.（2011湖北卷）“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with_ clearly in her voices.A .near B. rudeness C. regret D. panic11.（2011江苏卷）Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.Aconsequence Bindependence C competence D intelligence12.（2011浙江卷）Anyway, I cant cheat himits against all my_. A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions13. (2011山东卷)Theres a _ in our office that when its somebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship14. （2010江苏）The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_ people from all walks of life are working hard for_ new Jiangsu.A.不填； a B. 不填；the C. the； a D. the； the15.（2010辽宁） There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth.A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the16.（2010重庆）Everything comes with price; there is no such thing as free lunch in the world. A. a, a B. the, / C. the, a D. a, /17.（2010浙江）Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up weakening of the human body.A. a; / B. /; the C. a; the D. /; /18.（2010安徽）I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_A. hearing B strength C. recognition D. measure19.（2009浙江）The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library. A. access B. passage C. way D. approach20.（2009安徽）We can never expect_ sky unless we create_ less polluted world.A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the 21（2009北京）The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-storyed building. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a 22.（2009江西）Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world. A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a 23.（2009安徽）China has got a good _for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization. A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge24. （2009福建）The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any_ when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009. A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration25.（2009湖北）In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a _ for everyone to stand up. A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure26.(2008山东）Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource. A不填；a B.不填；the C. the; the D. the; a 27.（2008福建）Whats the _of having a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while? A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion 28.（2008湖北）The young man made a _to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation. A. prediction B. promise C. plan D. contribution29.（2008 辽宁）My neighbor asked me to go for _ walk, but I dont think Ive got_ energy. A a; / B. the; the C. / ;the D. a; the 30.（2007 山东）_ walk is expected to last all day, so bring _ packed lunch. A. ;a BThe; 不填 CThe ; a D.A ; 不填 31. （2007 湖南）Polar bears live mostly on _sea ice, which they use as _platform for hunting seals. A. a; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D. the; 不填32. （2007 山东）I cant say which wine is beatits a (n) _ of personal taste.Aaffair Bevent Cmatter Dvariety33. （2007 安徽）The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common _in many parts of the city. A. look B. sign C. sight D. appearance习作假如你是李鹃，在某报上看到以上一则招聘广告，你很想应聘这份工作，请根据以上广告及以下信息写一封英文邮件：姓名李华性别女年龄18特长擅长英语；善于共处经历做了两年家教；现为爱心俱乐部成员理由1.开阔眼界,了解社会； 2. 树立信心，培养交际能力，3 4.注意：1词数在150左右。2邮件开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。3至少再补充两条理由。4. 提示词：Loving Heart Club爱心俱乐部 I have just read the ad on the school bulletin and the moment I saw it I took an interest in becoming one of the five volunteer English teachersNow Im writing here to apply for this opportunity_ _ Id appreciate it so much if you could possibly consider my applicationIm looking forward to your early reply Yours sincerely， Li HuaOne possible versionDear Student Union，I have just read the ad on the