MPCP 多点控制协议.doc

IEEE802.3ah协议学习（3）MPCP多点控制协议 64.3 Multi-Point Control Protocol (MPCP)As depicted in Figure 643, the Multi-point MAC Control functional block comprises the following functions:a) Discovery Processing. This block manages the discovery process, through which an ONU is discovered and registered with the network while compensating for RTT.b) Report Processing. This block manages the generation and collection of report messages, through which bandwidth requirements are sent upstream from the ONU to the OLT.c) Gate Processing. This block manages the generation and collection of gate messages, through which multiplexing of multiple transmitters is achieved.多点MAC控制功能模块包括以下功能：a) 发现处理(Discovery Processing)：该模块管理发现流程，通过该进程发现ONU 并使其注册到网络中，同时对其RTT 进行补偿。 b) 报告处理(Report Processing)：该模块管理报告消息的产生和搜集，ONU 通过该模块在上行方向向OLT 发送带宽请求。 c) 选通处理(Gate Processing)：该模块管理GATE 消息的产生和搜集，通过该模块实现多个发送端的复用。As depicted in Figure 643, the layered system may instantiate multiple MAC entities, using a single physical layer. Each instantiated MAC communicates with an instance of the opcode specific functional blocks through the Multi-point MAC Control. In addition some global variables are shared across the multiple instances. Common state control is used to synchronize the multiple MACs using MPCP procedures. Operation of the common state control is generally considered outside the scope of this document.如图64-3所示，分层的系统可以实例化多个MAC实体，而只使用一个物理层。每个实例化的MAC通过MPCP和与操作码(opcode)相关的功能模块的实例进行通信。此外，多个实例共享一些全局变量。通过MPCP使用公共状态控制来同步多个MAC。有关公共状态控制的操作不在本标准规范的范围内。64.3.1 Principles of Multi-Point Control ProtocolMulti-point MAC Control enables a MAC Client to participate in a point-to-multi-point optical network by allowing it to transmit and receive frames as if it was connected to a dedicated link. In doing so, it employs the following principles and concepts:多点MAC控制通过控制MAC客户端的接收和发送使其工作在点对多点光网络中，而对MAC客户端来说就好象连接到一个独享的链路上。为了达到此目的，多点MAC控制协议遵循以下原则： a) A MAC client transmits and receives frames through the Multi-point MAC Control sublayer.b) The Multi-point MAC Control decides when to allow a frame to be transmitted using the client interface Control Multiplexer.c) Given a transmission opportunity, the MAC Control may generate control frames that would be transmitted in advance of the MAC Clients frames, utilizing the inherent ability to provide higher priority transmission of MAC Control frames over MAC Client frames.d) Multiple MACs operate on a shared medium by allowing only a single MAC to transmit upstream at any given time across the network using a time-division multiple access (TDMA) method.e) Such gating of transmission is orchestrated through the Gate Processing function.f) New devices are discovered in the network and allowed transmission through the Discovery Processing function.g) Fine control of the network bandwidth distribution can be achieved using feedback mechanisms supported in the Report Processing function.h) The operation of P2MP network is asymmetrical, with the OLT assuming the role of master, and the ONU assuming the role of slave.a) MAC客户端通过多点MAC 控制子层发送和接收帧。 b) 多点MAC 控制决定何时允许客户端接口控制复用器发送一个帧。 c) 在某些情况下，当MAC 客户端发送帧时MAC 控制可能产生控制帧，并利用MAC 控制帧传送优先级高于MAC 客户帧的特性，优先发送MAC 控制帧。 d) 通过使用时分复用(TDMA)的方法，在任意给定时刻仅允许一个MAC 在网络中发送上行帧，使得多个MAC 可以在共享介质上操作。 e) 通过GATE 处理功能协调此类发送的GATE。 f) 通过发现处理功能在网络中发现新设备并允许其发送数据。 g) 利用报告处理功能提供的反馈机制可以合理地控制网络带宽的分配。 h) P2MP 网络的操作是非对称的，其中OLT 为主设备，ONU 为从设备。64.3.2 Compatibility considerations64.3.2.1 PAUSE operationEven though MPCP is compatible with flow control, optional use of flow control may not be efficient in the case of large propagation delay. If flow control is implemented, then the timing constraints in Clause 31B supplement the constraints found at 64.3.2.4.虽然MPCP和流量控制兼容，但是在传输时延很大的情况下可选的流量控制使用效率不高。 NOTEMAC at an ONU can receive frames from unicast channel and single-copy-broadcast (SCB) channel. If the SCB channel is used to broadcast data frames to multiple ONUs, the ONUs MAC may continue receiving data frames from SCB channel even after the ONU has issued a PAUSE request to its unicast remote-end.注意：ONU端的MAC可以接收来自单播信道和单拷贝广播(SCB)信道的帧。如果SCB信道用于向多个ONU广播数据帧，那么即使ONU已向它的单播远端发出了PAUSE请求，ONU的MAC仍然可以继续从SCB信道接收数据帧。64.3.2.2 Optional Shared LAN EmulationBy combining P2PE, suitable filtering rules at the ONU, and suitable filtering and forwarding rules at the OLT, it is possible to emulate an efficient shared LAN. Support for shared LAN emulation is optional, and requires an additional layer above the MAC, which is out of scope for this document. Thus, shared LAN emulation is introduced here for informational purposes only.通过结合P2PE，ONU端的适当过滤规则以及OLT端的适当过滤转发规则，可以仿真一个有效的共享LAN。共享LAN仿真的支持是可选的，它需要MAC层上额外的一层，这超出了本标准规定的范围。因此，这里的共享LAN仿真仅仅做为一般性说明。Specific behaviour of the filtering layer at the RS is specified in 65.1.3.3.2.64.3.2.3 Multicast and single copy broadcast supportIn the downstream direction, the PON is a broadcast medium. In order to make use of this capability for forwarding broadcast frames from the OLT to multiple recipients without multiple duplication for each ONU, the single-copy broadcast (SCB) support is introduced.在下行方向，PON是一种广播介质。为利用PON的这一能力，使OLT向ONU发送广播帧时不对每个ONU都拷贝该帧，因此引入单拷贝广播(SCB)支持。The OLT has at least one MAC associated with every ONU. In addition one more MAC at the OLT is marked as the SCB MAC. The SCB MAC handles all downstream broadcast traffic, but is never used in the upstream direction for client traffic, except for client registration. Optional higher layers may be implemented to perform selective broadcast of frames. Such layers may require additional MACs (multicast MACs) to be instantiated in the OLT for some or all ONUs increasing the total number of MACs beyond the number of ONUs + 1.OLT针对每个ONU至少有一个MAC与之对应。此外，OLT还有一个标记为SCB的MAC。SCBMAC处理所有下行广播业务，但是不能用于上行方向的业务流（客户注册除外）。组播功能可通过可选的上层功能实现。这些层可能需要在OLT中进行为某些或者所有的ONU实例化额外的MAC（组播MAC），从而使MAC的总数超过(ONU数+1)个。When connecting the SCB MAC to an 802.1D bridge port it is possible that loops may be formed due to the broadcast nature. Thus it is recommended that this MAC not be connected to an 802.1D bridge port.当把SCB MAC连接到802.1D桥接端口时，由于广播自身特点从而有可能形成回路。因此建议不把SCB MAC连接到802.1D桥接端口。SCB channel configuration as well as filtering and marking of frames for support of SCB is defined in 65.1.3.3.2.65.1.3.3.2节定义了SCB通道配置以及用于SCB支持的帧过滤和标记。64.3.2.4 Delay requirementsThe MPCP protocol relies on strict timing based on distribution of timestamps. A compliant implementation needs to guarantee a constant delay through the MAC and PHY in order to maintain the correctness of the timestamping mechanism. The actual delay is implementation dependent, however, a complying implementation shall maintain a delay variation of no more than 16 bit times through the implemented MAC stack.MPCP协议依赖于严格定时，这是通过分发时间戳来实现。为了维护时间戳机制的正确性，相应的实现必须保证从MAC到PHY的时延不变。实际的时延大小取决于实现方式。但是，遵循规范的实现应该使所实现的MAC栈时延维持在一定范围内，而该范围变化不超过16比特时间。The OLT shall not grant less than 1024 time_quanta into the future, in order to allow the ONU processing time when it receives a gate message. The ONU shall process all messages in less than this period. The OLT shall not issue more than one message every 1024 time_quanta to a single ONU. The unit of time_quantum is defined as 16 ns.为了使得ONU在接收到GATE消息后有足够的处理时间，OLT不能发布起点时刻早于当前时刻加上1024个时间量子(time_quantum)的授权。ONU应该用小于这个时间段的时间来处理所有的消息。OLT不应该以大于每1024个时间量子(time_quantum)一个消息的速度向一个ONU发布消息。时间量子(time_quantum)的单位是16ns。64.3.3 Discovery ProcessingDiscovery is the process whereby newly connected or off-line ONUs are provided access to the PON. The process is driven by the OLT, which periodically makes available Discovery Time Windows during which off-line ONUs are given the opportunity to make themselves known to the OLT. The periodicity of these windows is unspecified and left up to the implementer. The OLT signifies that a discovery period is occurring by broadcasting a discovery gate message, which includes the starting time and length of the discovery window. Off-line ONUs, upon receiving this message, wait for the period to begin and then transmit a REGISTER_REQ message to the OLT. Discovery windows are unique in that they are the only times where multiple ONUs can access the PON simultaneously, and transmission overlap can occur. In order to reduce transmission overlaps, a contention algorithm is used by all ONUs. Measures are taken to reduce the probability for overlaps by artificially simulating a random distribution of distances from the OLT. Each ONU shall wait a random amount of time before transmitting the REGISTER_REQ message that is shorter than the length of the discovery time window. It should be noted that multiple valid REGISTER_REQ messages can be received by the OLT during a single discovery time period. Included in the REGISTER_REQ message is the ONUs MAC address and number of maximum pending grants. Upon receipt of a valid REGISTER_REQ message, the OLT registers the ONU, allocating and assigning new port identities (LLIDs), and bonding corresponding MACs to the LLIDs.发现是指新连接或者非在线的ONU接入PON的进程。该进程由OLT发起，它周期性地产生合法的发现时间窗口(Discovery Time Windows)，使OLT有机会检测到非在线的ONU。发现时间窗口的周期没有定义，由厂商决定。OLT通过广播一个发现GATE消息来通知ONU发现窗口的周期。发现GATE消息包含发现窗口的开始时间和长度，非在线ONU接收到该消息后将等待该周期的开始，然后向OLT发送REGISTER_REQ消息。发现窗口是唯一有多个ONU同时访问PON的窗口，因此这些发送可能发生冲突。为了减少发送冲突，所有的ONU应使用同一种竞争算法。通过模拟ONU到OLT距离的随机分布等措施可以减少冲突发生的概率。每个ONU在发送REGISTER_REQ消息前应等待一段随机大小的时间，该时间段小于发现时间窗口的长度。值得注意的是在一个发现时间周期内OLT可能会接收到多个有效的REGISTER_REQ消息。REGISTER_REQ消息中包括ONU的MAC地址以及最大等待授权（Pending Grant）的数目。OLT接收到有效的REGISTER_REQ消息后，将注册该ONU，分配和指定新端口的标识(LLID)，并将相应的MAC和LLID绑定。The next step in the process is for the OLT to transmit a Register message to the newly discovered ONU, which contains the ONUs LLID, and the OLTs required synchronization time. Also, the OLT echoes the maximum number of pending grants. The OLT now has enough information to schedule the ONU for access to the PON and transmits a standard GATE message allowing the ONU to transmit a REGISTER_ACK. Upon receipt of the REGISTER_ACK, the discovery process for that ONU is complete, the ONU is registered and normal message traffic can begin. It is the responsibility of Layer Management to perform the MAC bonding, and start transmission from/to the newly registered ONU. The discovery message exchange is illustrated in Figure 6414.发现进程的下一步是OLT向新发现的ONU发送注册(Register)消息，该消息包含ONU的LLID以及OLT要求的同步时间。同时，OLT还应对ONU最大等待授权的数目进行响应。此时OLT已经有足够的信息用于调度ONU 访问PON ， 并发送标准的GATE 消息允许ONU 发送REGISTER_ACK。当接收到REGISTER_ACK，该ONU的发现进程完成，该ONU注册成功并且可以开始发送正常的消息流。层管理(Layer Management)负责执行MAC绑定并开始对新注册的ONU进行发送和接收。图64-14给出了发现消息的交换过程，图64-15、图64-16和图64-17分别给出了发现处理服务接口（OLT广播实例）、发现处理服务接口（OLT单播实例）和发现处理服务接口（ONU）。There may exist situations when the OLT requires that an ONU go through the discovery sequence again and reregister. Similarly, there may be situations where an ONU needs to inform the OLT of its desire to deregister. The ONU can then reregister by going through the discovery sequence. For the OLT, the REGISTER message may indicate a value, Reregister or Deregister, that if either is specified will force the receiving ONU into reregistering. For the ONU, the REGISTER_REQ message contains the Deregister bit that signifies to the OLT that this ONU should be deregistered.OLT可以要求ONU重新执行发现进程并重新注册。同样，ONU也可以通知OLT请求注销，然后通过发现进程进行重注册。OLT的REGISTER消息可以设置一个值来指示重注册(Reregister)或注销(Deregister)，如果规定了上述的任一种，则将强制接收到该消息的ONU进行重注册。对于ONU，REGISTER_ACK消息可包含注销位，该比特通知OLT应注销本ONU。64.3.3.1 ConstantsNo constants defined.64.3.3.2 VariablesBEGINThis variable is defined in 64.2.2.3.data_rxThis variable is defined in 64.2.2.3.data_txThis variable is defined in 64.2.2.3.grantEndTimeThis variable holds the time at which the OLT expects the ONU grant to complete. Failure of a REGISTER_ACK message from an ONU to arrive at the OLT before grantEndTime is a fatal error in the discovery process, and causes registration to fail for the specified ONU, who may then retry to register. The value of grantEndTime is measured in units of time_quantum.TYPE: 32-bit unsigned该变量表示OLT期望ONU授权完成的时刻。在发现进程中，如果ONU的REGISTER_ACK消息不能在grantEndTime前到达OLT，则这个致命错误将导致指定的ONU注册失败，该ONU可在以后重新注册。GrantEndTime的单位是时间量子（time_quantum）。类型：32比特无符号数insideDiscoveryWindowThis variable holds the current status of the discovery window. It is set to true when the discovery window opens, and is set to false when the discovery window closes.TYPE: Boolean该变量表示发现窗口的当前状态。当发现窗口打开时，该值为true，当发现窗口关闭时，该值为false。localTimeThis variable is defined in 64.2.2.2.opcode_rxThis variable is defined in 64.2.2.3.opcode_txThis variable is defined in 64.2.2.3.pendingGrantsThis variable holds the maximum number of pending grants that an ONU is able to queue.TYPE: 16 bit unsignedregisteredThis variable holds the current result of the Discovery Process. It is set to true once the discovery process is complete and registration is acknowledged.TYPE: Boolean该变量表示发现进程的当前结果。一旦发现进程完成并且确认注册完成，该值为true。syncTimeThis variable holds the time required to stabilize the receiver at the OLT. It counts time_quanta units from the point where transmission output is stable to the point where synchronization has been achieved. The value of syncTime includes laser on time (Ton), gain adjustment interval (Treceiver_settling), clock synchronization interval (Tcdr), and codegroup alignment interval (Tcode_group_align), as specified in 60.7.13.2. The OLT conveys the value of syncTime to ONUs in Discovery GATE and REGISTER messages. During the synchronization time only IDLE patterns can be transmitted by an ONU.TYPE: 16 bit unsigned该变量表示稳定OLT端接收机所需的时间。它从发送输出稳定时刻开始计时，直到获得同步时刻为止，以时间量子（time_quantum）为单位计数。syncTime的值包括激光开启时间(Ton)、增益调整时间(Treceiver_settling)、时钟同步时间(Tcdr)以及码组对齐时间(Tcode_group_align)。OLT将syncTime的值通过发现GATE和注册消息传给ONU。在同步期间，ONU只能发送IDLE。timestampDriftThis variable is defined in 64.2.2.3.64.3.3.3 FunctionsReceiveFrame(DA, SA, Length/Type, data)This function is defined in 64.2.2.4.TransmitFrame(DA, SA, Length/Type, data)This function is defined in 64.2.2.4.64.3.3.4 Timersdiscovery_window_size_timerThis timer is used to wait for the event signalling the end of the discovery window.VALUE: The timer value is set dynamically based on the parameters received in a DISCOVERY GATE message.该定时器用于标识发现窗口终止的事件。 该定时器的值是根据接收到的发现选通(DISCOVERY GATE)消息中的参数而动态设定的。mpcp_timerThis timer is used to measure the arrival rate of MPCP frames in the link. Failure to receive frames is considered a fatal fault and leads to deregistration.该定时器用于测量链路中MPCP帧的到达速率。未能接收到帧将是致命错误并将导致注销。64.3.3.5 MessagesMA_CONTROL.request(DA, GATE, discovery, start, length, discovery_length, sync_time)The service primitive used by the MAC Control client at the OLT to initiate the Discovery Process. This primitive takes the following parameters:DA: multicast or unicast MAC address.GATE: opcode for GATE MPCPDU as defined in Table 31A1.discovery: flag specifying that the given GATE message is to be used for discovery only.start: start time of the discovery window.length: length of the grant given for discovery.discovery_length: length of the discovery window process.sync_time: the time interval required to stabilize the receiver at the OLT.OLT端的MAC控制客户端使用该服务原语来发起发现进程。该原语使用如下参数： DA： 组播或单播MAC地址。 GATE： 表64- 1中定义的GATE MPCPDU操作码。 Discovery： 该标志表示指定的GATE消息仅用于发现。 start： 发现窗口的开始时刻。 length： 用于发现的授权的长度。 discovery_length：发现窗口进程的长度。 sync_time： OLT端用于稳定接收机所需的时间间隔。MA_CONTROL.request(DA, GATE, grant_number, start4, length4, force_report4)This service primitive is used by the MAC Control client at the OLT to issue the GATE message to an ONU. This primitive takes the following parameters:DA: unicast MAC address.GATE: opcode for GATE MPCPDU as defined in Table 31A1.grant_number: number of grants issued with this GATE message. The number of grants ranges from 0 to 4.start4: start times of the individual grants. Only the first grant_number elements of the array are used.length4: lengths of the individual grants. Only the first grant_number elements of the array are used.force_report4: flags indicating whether a REPORT message should be generated in the corresponding grant. Only the first grant_number elements of the array are used.OLT端的MAC控制客户端使用该服务原语向ONU发布GATE消息。该原语使用如下参数： DA： 单播MAC地址。 GATE： 表64-1中定义的GATE MPCPDU操作码。 grant_number： 随GATE消息一起发布的授权的个数。授权个数从0到4。 start4： 各个授权的开始时刻。目前只使用数组中第1个grant_number元素。 length4： 各个授权的长度。目前只使用数组中第1个grant_number元素。 force_report4： 标识是否在相应的授权中产生REPORT消息，只使用数组中第1个grant_number元素。MA_CONTROL.request(DA, REGISTER_REQ, status)The service primitive used by a client at the ONU to request the Discovery Process to perform a registration. This primitive takes the following parameters:DA: multicast MAC Control address as defined in Annex 31B.REGISTER_REQ: opcode for REGISTER_REQ MPCPDU as defined in Table 31A1.status: This parameter takes on the indication supplied by the flags field in the REGISTER_REQ MPCPDU as defined in Table 643.MA_CONTROL.indication(REGISTER_REQ, status, flags, pending_grants, RTT)The service primitive issued by the Discovery Process to notify the client and Layer Management that the registration process is in progress. This primitive takes the following parameters:REGISTER_REQ: opcode for REGISTER_REQ MPCPDU as defined in Table 31A1.status: This parameter holds the values incoming or retry. Value incoming is used at the OLT to signal that a REGISTER_REQ message was received successfully. The value retry is used at the ONU to signal to the client that a registration attempt failed and will be repeated.flags: This parameter holds the contents of the flags field in the REGISTER_REQ message. This parameter holds a valid value only when the primitive is generated by the Discovery Process is in the OLT.pending_gra