商务英语名词解释.doc

11.Budget预算an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated, period, usu. a year used as a guide in making financial arrangements.2.Return回报the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.3.Portfolio证券投资组合the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling4.Royalty专利税money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copyright material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu. at a greed percentage of the selling price of the product.5.Expertise专门知识expert knowledge or skill, esp. in a particular field; know-how.6.Licensor认证颁发者a person or company granting a license.7.Patent专利权a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.8.Non-tariff barrier非贸易壁垒all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.9.Turnkey contract交钥匙工程one in which one of the parties agrees to supply, at the contract price, a complete product ready for use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc.10.Franchise经销权an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area.21. Purchasing power购买力of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services.2. Assess估价to judge an amount or value.3. spur刺激to urge or encourage4. average平均of an ordinary, common or usual kind in quality or amount5. Productive多生产producing in high efficiency or in large quantity6. tap开发to take what is needed from, to exploit7. Infrastructure基础设施large-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road, rail and radio communications, etc. needed to support economic activity, esp. industry, trade and commerce.8. recipient接受者a person or an organization etc. that receives something9. consumerism消费主义considerable desire to make purchase for consumption10. PPP购买力平价purchasing power parity31 liberalization自由化of trade, the act of government in lifting controls over imports and exports2 integration一体化combining into a whole3 tariff关税tax levied by the customs 4 barriers to trade贸易壁垒any action by a government to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in and out of its country.5 mobility流动性capacity that can move or be moved easily and quickly from place to place.6 detour绕道route that voids a blocked road; deviation7 banknote纸币printed paper money issued by a bank, usu. the countrys central bank.8 erode侵蚀wear away, eat into9 envisage想象picture(an event, action, etc) in the mind as a future possibility; imagine10 veto否决权right to reject or forbid something41 affiliate分支机构a subsidiary company controlled by another2 assets资产total resources of a business, as cash, accounts receivable, real estates etc.3 world company全球公司a multinational whose national identity has been blurred4 facilities设施something designed, built or installed to serve a specific function or perform a particular service5 revenue收益the total annual income of a state6 decentralize使分权distribute the administrative powers over a less concentrated area7 nationalize收归国有to bring under the control or ownership of a nation8 welfare福利well-being9 framework行为准则organization structure10 input投资something that is put in business operation51 service服务something done to help or benefit others2 abundant大量的plentiful, more than enough3 specialization专业化to restrict ones economic activities to certain particular fields4 primary commodities初级产品those commodities not processed, or only slightly processed, usually farm produce or raw materials5 incentive刺激that which incites, rouses or encourages a person6 alternative替代物that may be had, used etc. in place of sth. else7 intuitive直觉relating to the power of the immediate understanding of something without reasoning or study8 efficient有效的producing a desired or satisfactory result; able to perform duties well9 endowment天赋a natural gift or ability10 exploit利用to develop the use of, make the best use of61 drawback退税duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when re-exported2 highlight重视to make prominent; to draw special attention3 bulky庞大taking a lot of space, and often of a shape difficult to handle4 perishable易碎easily to go bad5 tariff关税duties imposed on goods imported and exported6 specific duties从量税duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods7 ad valorem duties从价税duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods8 unilaterally单方面地done by one side or party only9 maritime海上connected with the sea or navigation10 remittance汇款money sent by post71 law suit诉讼案件legal prosecution2 dispute争端argument or controversy3 remedy纠正method of putting right something that is wrong4 amendment修正changes made to something5 Incoterms贸易术语a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms6 present提交submit7 premise前提a tract of land including its buildings8 heading标题category9 classification分类the arrangement of things by groups10 carriage运费the price or cost of transportation81 business line商业领域goods dealt in by a company2 voluntary offer主动发盘an offer made on the initiative of the offerer3 contract合同an agreement setting forth the binding obligations of the relevant parties4 indispensable必须物absolutely necessary5 contract proper合同正文the main body of a contract 6 contracting parties缔约方signatories of an agreement7 force majeure不可抗力 social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party8 purchase contract购买合同a contract made by the buyer9 firm offer持盘an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offer10 offeree受要约人the party to whom an offer is made91. popular受欢迎的liked and admired2. hyperinflation极度通货膨胀soaring of prices beyond control3. inflation通货膨胀rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit etc.4. protectionism贸易保护主义the theory of the system of developing home countries through duties and other means imposed on competitive imports5. bilateral双边的of two sides6. bundling捆绑式销售the exchange of goods or services are tied together7. expertise专门知识expert skill or knowledge8. creditors债权人a person to whom one owns money9. transferable可转移的possible to be handed over10. verified data已证实的数据authentic materials101. debtor债务人a person who owes money2. default违约fail to carry out an obligation3. dubious可疑的doubtful, uncertain, questionable4. draft汇票an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of money5. remittance汇款the sending of money or the money sent6. fluctuation波动irregular movement of (prices, exchange rates etc.)7. drawer出票人the person who issues a draft, usually the exporter8. sound健康合理financially satisfactory财政上满意9. ban禁止prohibit, forbid10. drawee受票人the person to whom a draft is drawn111. credit-worthiness资信being believed or accepted by others as reliable in making payment2. substantial大量的large, great, considerable3. constitute组成make up; amount to; form4. applicant of an L/C出口信用证the importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/C5. beneficiary受益人the company that can make use of an L/C to get paid for its export6. discrepancy不符difference; absence of agreement7. confirming bank保兑行the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C8. bill of exchange汇票written order drawn by the beneficiary on the bank for the purpose of payment9. underlying作为基础forming the basis of10. reimburse退款pay back to somebody for the expenses he has spent121. clean credit光票信用证a credit that does not require shipping documents for payment2. cancel作废not to do something that has been arranged or decided upon3. leading bank主要银行major bank, most important bank4. impeccable完美的faultless5. insolvent无力偿还的unable to pay debts6. sight credit即期信用证a credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft7. maturity到期becoming due8. after sight见票之后after presentation of draft9. middleman中间商trader through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumer10. sustain遭受suffer131. documentation证明文件the presentation and use of shipping documents2. consignee收货人the party in the bill of lading to whom the goods are shipped3. shipping marks唛头what is printed on the outer packing of goods as symbol for identification in the course of transportation4. discrepancy不符absence of agreement5. liability责任what one is responsible for according to law6. apparent表明上according to appearance; seeming7. insurance policy保险单a document used for covering possible risks8. discount折扣amount of money that may be taken off the full amount9. title抬头right to the possession of a position or property10. invoice发票a document for the general description of the goods and the price141 alternative供选择a choice from two or more possibilities.2 modes运输方式different forms of transportation3 fundamental极其重要的very important4 ownership所有权legal right of possession5 intermediate products中间产品semi-manufactures6 commercial intercourse商业交流business dealings between individuals or firms7 unload卸货getting goods off a carrier8 package包装combination of related parts or elements accepted or rejected as a single unit9 distribution分布the marketing, transporting, merchandising, and selling of any item10 destination目的地the terminal to which goods are sent151 insured被保险人a person covered by an insurance policy2 premium保险费the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract3 potential loss潜在损失loss which is possible to incur4 viability能力ability to succeed in operation5 claim索赔a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy6 margin利润amount above what is estimated as necessary7 underwriter保险公司a person who carries on insurance as a business8 consumption消费the using up of goods and services having an exchangeable value9 compensation赔偿金something given or received as an equivalent for loss10 pooling联营a combination of funds formed for common advantage161 field领域a sphere of activity2 incidence发生occurrence3 multi-modal transportation多式联运transport that combines road, rail, sea and air4 diminish减少降低the right to collect from an endorser a payment of loss5 indemnity赔偿compensation for loss6 subrogate代为追偿to substitute a claim against one person for a claim against another person7 legal action法律行动an action taken against someone in accordance with the law8 leader领导者an insurer who is well-known in a particular class of business9 deposit存款money paid as part payment that is owned10 compulsory义务that must be done171 peg钉住to keep fixed or unchanged2 redeem兑换to repay or pay off, esp. loan stock, debentures and preference shares or stock3 settlement结算the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc4 exchange rate汇率the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency5 fluctuations波动upward and downward movements in the economic system6 gold reserves黄金储备量the stock of gold coin and bullion held by a note-issuing bank in a country on the gold standard.7 money circulation货币流通money in the hands of the public and being used to pay for goods and services8 devaluation货币贬值the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other currencies9 offset补偿to set one value against another or as equal to another10 par标准equal in value, on the same level181 affiliate隶属a business concern owned or controlled in whole or in part by another concern2 institutions体系an organization or establishment devoted to the promotion of a particular object3 productivity生产力power of being productive4 loans借贷something lent on condition of being returned, especially a sum of money lent at interest5 prerequisite先决条件required as a condition for something else6 cyclical周期循环recurring in cycles7 maturity到期the time when a note or bill of exchange or a loan becomes due8 reserve储备金money held aside to meet future demand9 investment投资the act of putting money to use in something offering profitable returns10 stringent严格的strict, that must be obeyed191 quota配额a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity2 VER自动出口限制an agreement by a countrys exporters or government to limit their exports or government to limit their exports to another country3 acquisition获得company expansion through the phrase of other business4 synergy协同作用benefits from combining different business, normally claimed by the promoters of mergers5 rebate减少reduce6 intellectual property知识产权certain non-tangible assets held, principally covering the areas of patent protection, registered trade marks and designs, and copy-right7 tax holiday免税期a period of time during which tax is not levied8 return收益the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment9 access使用权a way by which a place, esp. property, can be reached or entered or used10 joint venture合资企业a business where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms201 market place市场a place in which securities are sold and bought2 securities担保stocks and bonds3 gilts金边债券stocks issued by government4 information信息knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact or circumstance5 qualifications资格证书competence6 membership成员the state of being a member of a certain organization7 practitioner从业者a person engaged in the practice of a profession or occupation8 cost-effective成本效益好producing optimum results for the expenditure9 shortfall差额deficiency10 equities股本company stocks211 ratify批准make an arrangement or a treaty officially valid by signing it.2 controversy争论public argument about sth. which many people disagree with 3 biennial两年一次happening every alternate year4 clout权利influence 5 anti-dumping反倾销one form of action which may be taken by a government to protect industries from unfair competition by which goods are sold at a price lower than in the country where they are manufactured6 mandate授权authority given to perform a duty 7 stillborn死胎的(of a child) dead at birth; (of an idea or a plan) not developing further8 contracting party缔约国a country or firm that signs a legal agreement9 akin to类似的similar, related to10 optimal最佳的best or most favorable221 terms of trade贸易条件the relation of export and import prices2 preference优先权a practical advantage given to one over others3 export earnings出口收入money earned on the sales of goods to other countries4 provisions食品a formal or explicit statement of conditions demanded5 tariffs壁垒customs duties imposed by a government on imports or exports6 invisible无形trade in services7 board董事会an official group of persons who direct or supervise some activities of a firm8 permanent不变的lasting9 counterpart副本，配对物a person or thing that closely resembles another in position or function10 forum论坛an outlet for discussion of matters of interest to a given group1、国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而此国内贸易要复杂得多。International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated than, domestic business.2、有形贸易是指将在一国生产或制造的商品，出口或进口到另一国消费或转售。Visible trade refers to exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in an-other.3、外国直接投资，简称FDI。投资者通过控制其投资在他国的企业和资产获得回报。Foreign direct investments of FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.4、国民生产总值指一个经济体凭借其居民拥有的资产和劳动力所生产的货物和服务的市场价值。GNP refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.5、日本和中国是重要贸易伙伴，两国经济互补，又是一衣带水的近邻。中日贸易关系对两国都有重要的意义。With mutually complementary economy, Japan and China are major trade partners, and the two countries are close neighbours separated only by a strip of water. Sino-Japanese relations are therefore of great importance to both countries.6、加拿大和美国有很长的共同边境，而且大部分加拿大居民居住在边境地区。加美两佃以其富有的市场，拥有世界最大的双边贸易。Sharing a very long common border along which most of the Canadian people live, Canade and the United States, with their respective rich market, enjoy the largest single bilateral trade in the world.7、欧盟委员会是它的执行机构，有20个委员会，管理23个负责不同事务的部门。Its executive body is the European Commission composed of 20 commissioners overseeing 23deaprtments in charge of different affairs.8、尽管内部存在矛盾，外部有来自非欧佩克产油国的竞争，但欧佩克这个占世界产油量40%的组织对油价的影响是世界各国无法忽视的。Despite internal contradictions and cornpetition from non-OPEC oil producing countries, the influence on oil prices by OPEC that accounts for 40% of the global oil production is something the world cannot afford to neglect.9、过去十年中，亚太经济合作组织越来越受到人们的关注。由于中国在其中发挥了积极的作用，中国人尤其关注这个组织。Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation(APEC) has caught more and more attention for the past decade, especially in China since the country is playing an active role it.10、广阔的地域分布是跨国企业的一个特点，这使得它在资源和定价的决策上有很大的选择范围，也使它能更方便地利用世界经济的变化。Wide geographical spread is characteristic of MNEs. It enables them to have a wide range of options in terms of decision-makings on sourcing and pricing. They are also more able to take advantage of changes in the international economic environment.11、技术、资本和现成的市场是跨国企业组织带给欠发达国家的利益。跨国企业被认为是促进世界和各国经济发展的最有效的工具。Technology, capital and ready markets are sort of benefits MNEs bring to less-developed countries. They are considered to be the most effective vehicle for the promoting of global and national economic welfare.12、按照比较学说的观点，一国只要出口相对有优势的产品，而不是有绝对优势的产品，就可以从中受益。According to the comparative a