【步步高】2017版高考英语一轮复习 Module 4 Great Scientists素材 外研版必修4.doc

Module 4 Great Scientists 话题词汇1.progress n.进步，发展；前进2.outstanding adj.杰出的；显著的3.personality n.个性；品格4.educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的5.determine vi.确定；决定；下定决心6.explore v.探索；探测；探险7.make great contributions to对做出巨大贡献8.be honored as被誉为9.make efforts to do sth.努力做某事10.devote oneself to献身于，专心于经典语篇根据提示用英语介绍二十世纪杰出的女性之一：海伦凯勒(Helen Keller)。内容要点如下：1.海伦凯勒：1880年6月出生于美国。她19个月大时，由于生病变得又聋又盲。从此她就生活在黑暗、寂静的世界里。2.七岁时，她的父母给她找了一名老师Miss Sullivan。Miss Sullivan在教海伦的过程中遇到了许多困难。由于海伦的坚强意志和智慧以及Miss Sullivan的技巧和耐心，她们克服了种种困难，取得了成功。3.她完成了大学教育，获得了英语文学学位；致力于盲聋儿童的社会工作；著有多本著作，其中我的一生(The Story of My Life)最为著名。注意：1.介绍须包括所有内容要点，但不要逐条翻译；2.可以适当增加细节，以使内容连贯；3.词数100左右。参考词汇：意志和智慧will and intelligence；技巧和耐心skill and patience；英语文学学位a degree in English literature佳作欣赏Helen Keller was one of the greatest women in the 20th century. She was born in America in June,1880. When she was nineteen months old，she became blind and deaf because of a serious illness.From then on she lived in darkness and silence.Her parents were greatly worried.When she was seven，they found a teacher，Miss Sullivan，for her.Miss Sullivan had a lot of difficulties in teaching Helen Keller，who was blind and deaf.With Helens strong will and intelligence，combined with her teachers skill and patience，they overcame all the difficulties. Helen Keller became an able student and graduated from a college.She finally received a university degree in English literature.Later on she devoted all herself to helping the blind and deaf children.She wrote many books and The Story of My Life is a remarkable one.思维发散1.用分词结构连接第、两句Born in America in June,1880，Helen Keller was one of the greatest women in the 20th century.2.用强调句型改写第句It was with Helens strong will and intelligence，combined with her teachers skill and patience，that they overcame all the difficulties.3.用非限制性定语从句改写第句She wrote many books, among which The Story of My Life is a remarkable one.重点单词A.写作单词1.leading (adj.)主要的2.figure (n.)人物3.breakthrough (n.)突破4.support (vt.& n.)支持5.replace (vt.)取代；以代替6.quantity (n.)数量7.quality (n.)质量8.career (n.)生涯；经历9.brief (adj.)简短的；简洁的10.personal (adj.)个人的11.escape (vi.)逃跑；逃避12.clear (vi.)(烟雾) 消散13.educate (vt.)教育education (n.)教育14.publish (vt.)出版publisher (n.)出版人(或机构)publishing (n.)出版(业)15.graduate (vi.)毕业graduation (n.)毕业B.阅读单词16.species (n.)(动物或植物的)种17.yield (n.)产量18.convert (vt.)改变；转换19.export (vt.)出口20.bestseller (n.)畅销书21.diagnose (vt.)诊断22.victim (n.)受害者23.brilliant (n.)聪颖的；才华横溢的24.partly (adv.)部分地；在一定程度上25.physical (adj.)身体的26.rocket (n.)火箭27.arrow (n.)(弓)箭28.straight (adj.)直的29.producer (n.)生产者production (n.)产量30.agriculture (n.)农业agricultural (adj.)农业的31.original (adj.)原来的；最初的origin (n.)起源32.explode (vi.)爆炸explosion (n.)爆炸；爆炸声.重点短语1.bring in引进；带来2.convert.to.把转变为3.earn ones living谋生4.come to power掌权5.be diagnosed with被诊断患有疾病6.as a result of由于的结果7.be known for因而出名/闻名8.bring up培养；养育.经典句式1.He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.他想，养活世人的关键是更多更快地生产水稻。2.He thought there was only one way to do thisby crossing different species of rice plant，and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.他认为，唯一的办法是使不同种类的水稻杂交，这样就能生产比原先任何一种水稻产量都要高的新品种。3.Moving in a wheelchair and speaking through a special computer，he has become the voice of science.靠轮椅来移动并且通过特殊的电脑说话，他(霍金)成为了科学的代言人。4.Or was he carried miles into space，becoming the worlds first astronaut?还是他被带到了数英里之外的太空，成了世界上第一位宇航员？5.The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.竹管被绑在一根帮助火箭直线运动的长棍上。.课文语法填空Yuan Longping is a 1.leading(lead) figure in the ricegrowing world in China.He was interested in plants from 2.an early age，and he went to study agriculture in college and began crop breeding experiments 3.as a young teacher.Then he brought up a plan to produce 4.more(much) rice by crossing different species of rice plant.He put his plan 5.into practice and the results 6.were published(publish) in China in 1966.In 1970，he discovered a 7.naturally(natural) sterile male rice plant,8.which was a breakthrough.As a result of Yuan Longpings discoveries，Chinese rice production rose 9.by 47.5% in the 1990s,10.and 50,000 square kilometres of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops.Besides，some other countries shared the result of his discoveries.1应试指导主谓一致的考查in quantity大量quantities of名词复数谓语动词 许多a quantity of 大量(1)Quantities of food and tents were sent to earthquakestricken areas from Shandong.大量的食品和帐篷从山东运往了地震灾区。(2)My brother bought a large quantity of books.我弟弟买了大量的书。多维训练(1)单句语法填空A large quantity of beer was sold(sell) yesterday.Large quantities of food are wasted(waste) because of the way it looks.Why does the river around the village smell terrible?Because large quantities of water have been polluted(pollute) already.(2)完成句子Its a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity(大量地).There are large quantities of(大量的) rain in this area.2(1)graduate from从毕业graduate in毕业于(专业)(2)graduation n.毕业(1)Many college graduates were anxious about the results of the national civil service exam.很多大学毕业生担忧全国公务员考试的成绩。(2)Im 18 years old and will be graduating from Xinxing Foreign Languages School this July.我18岁了，今年七月即将从新星外语学校毕业。(3)It was my first job after graduation.这是我毕业后的第一份工作。多维训练单句语法填空(1)On the graduation(graduate) day students will have pictures taken in caps and gowns.(2) He graduated from Taipei University.(3)The university graduated(graduate) 500 students last year.(4)My son hopes to graduate in law so as to become a lawyer.3 escape v.逃跑，逃离，逃脱(get away from)；避免，避开(avoid)；被遗忘(to be forgotten)，被忽视；n.逃离，逃脱应试指导(1)后跟非谓语动词的考查；(2)熟词新义的考查(1)escapen./doing sth.逃脱了/避免了escape from/out of.从逃脱sth.escapes/escaped sb.某事被某人遗忘；未被注意(2)a narrow escape九死一生(1)He escaped from the enemys prison.他从敌人的监狱中逃了出来。(2)Yesterday，I came across my former classmate，but his name escaped me，which made me embarrassed.昨天，我碰见了我以前的同学，但是我记不起来他的名字了，这让我很尴尬。(3)He had a narrow escape.他九死一生。特别提醒注意下面两个短语的区别：escape from prison越狱，指的是一直在监狱中服刑，但是从服刑中逃跑了。escape prison逃过牢狱之灾，指的是根本就没有进监狱，幸运逃脱了。多维训练(1)写出下列句子中escape的汉语意思A prisoner has escaped from a jail in northern England.逃离The two officers were extremely lucky to escape serious injuries.避开It was an actor whose name escaped me for the moment.被忘记(2)单句语法填空She managed to escape from the burning car.There is no way to escape doing (do) the work.4多维训练同义句改写I will support you forever whenever it is.(1)I will stand by you forever whenever it is.(用stand短语改写)(2)I will be in favor of you forever whenever it is.(用favor短语改写)(3)I will be in support of you forever whenever it is.(用support作名词的短语改写)5多维训练(1)单句语法填空Briefly (brief) speaking，Im in support of your idea.Here again are todays headlines in brief.Because of its briefness (brief)，autumn in the four seasons of life just had its special rhyme.(2)完成句子Let me tell you briefly what happened.让我来简要地讲一下所发生的事情吧。His remarks were brief and to the point.他的评论简明扼要。6多维训练(1)短语填空His not studying hard resulted in his failure in exams and as a result，he was expelled(开除).Though he tried every means to save it，his attempts were without result and he had to drop out of school.(2)同义句改写His carelessness resulted in his death.His death resulted from his carelessness.He died as a result of his carelessness.He was careless.As a result，he died.7 He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.他想，养活世人的关键是更多更快地生产水稻。本句中的key作“关键”讲，常与介词to搭配，后跟名词或动名词。此外，常与to搭配的名词还有answer，reply，entrance，note，change，solution等。(1)The key to the whole affairs was his jealousy.整个事情的症结是因为他忌妒。(2)He finally got the answer to the algebra problem.他终于算出了这道代数题的答案。(3)Scientists are doing their best to find out the solution to this environmental problem.科学家们正在尽力找到这个环境问题的解决方法。多维训练(1)单句语法填空The key to solving(solve) the problem between the company and the consumers is to meet(meet) the demands made(make) by the consumers.He told us the key to his success in winning the first prize was hard work.(2)单句改错I dont know the key of the puzzle.ofto8 The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.竹管被绑在一根帮助火箭直线运动的长棍上。keep的意思为“使处于某种状态”，宾语补足语可以是形容词(短语)、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、名词及方位副词等。(1)The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.班上其他同学都闭着眼睛。(2)Please keep our classroom clean and bright.请保持我们的教室干净明亮。(3)Her illness kept her in bed for a week.她的病使她卧床一周。多维训练单句语法填空(1)Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself reminded(remind) of his own dreams.(2)Jack is late again.It is typical of him to keep others waiting(wait).(3)Keep your mouth shut(shut) and your eyes open(open).语境填词1.James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading(主要的) early canal engineers.(2015全国)2.Volunteer work at home and abroad with the physically(身体上) and mentally handicapped，the homeless，the elderly and orphans.(2014广东)3.We are now looking for volunteers to support(支持) people with learning disabilities to live active lives！(2014四川)4.I felt very tired when I got home，and I went straight(直接) to bed.(2013重庆)5.On the other hand，soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes(爆炸) out of control.(2012浙江).单句语法填空1.Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time.(2015全国)2.Most people said this accent sounded “educated(educate)” and “soft”.(2015广东)3.It was also much more than we could afford，but far less than the original(origin) asking price.(2015天津)4.Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves.(2015安徽)5.I said and talked briefly(brief) about some of the tests I was going to order.(2011湖北).短语填空1.According to Sparrow，we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet.(2015安徽)2.The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.(2013山东)3.Which street is known for its food shops and markets？(2013江苏)4.Mr.McMahon was brought in when his belly was found very swollen.(2011湖北)5.Parents always attach great importance to their childrens education.完成句子1.To decide and take immediate action is the key to breaking the old patterns.(2015福建)作出决定并立刻采取行动是打破阻碍我们的常规的关键所在。2.Not knowing her address，we couldnt get in touch with her.不知道她的地址，我们无法联系上她。3.He made a living by singing in the underground station.他靠在地铁站里唱歌维持生活。4.Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long but I had something urgent to deal with.十分抱歉让您久等了，我有点急事去处理了。 写作素材(关于人物介绍)1.迈克是被他叔叔抚养大的。2.他毕业于一所著名大学。3.他以教书为生。4.他相信他能教育好他的学生。5.由于工作努力，他的事业开始腾飞。提示黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用who引导的定语从句。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)Mike，who was brought up by his uncle，graduated from a famous university.He earned his living by teaching.He believed he could educate his students well.As a result of his hard work，his career began to take off.练出高分.阅读理解AWhats the most important thing of life?Peoples answers vary greatly.For British scientist Robert Edwards，the answer is having a child.“Nothing is more special than a child，” he told the BBC.Edwards，the inventor of the In Vitro Fertilization(IVF) technologymore commonly known as “testtube(试管) baby” technologypassed away on April 10,2013 at the age of 87.“Edwards changed the lives of millions of ordinary people who now rejoice(充满喜悦)in the gift of their own child，”said Peter Braude，professor at Kings College London.“He leaves the world a much better place.”Edwards started his experiments as early as the 1950s，when he had just finished his PhD in genetics.At that time，much of the public viewed testtube babies as “scary”，according to Mark Sauer，professor at Columbia University，US.Edwards and his colleague Patrick Steptoe faced opposition from churches，governments and media，not to mention attacks from many of their fellow scientists.“People said that we should not play God and we should not interfere with nature，” Edwards once told Times.He said that he felt “quite alone” at the time.“But Edwards was a fighter，and he believed in what he was doing，”said Sauer.Without support from the government，the two struggled to raise funds to carry on.And in 1968 they finally developed a method to successfully fertilize human eggs outside the body.The first testtube baby was born on July 25,1978.Her name was Louise Brown.Despite peoples safety concerns，Brown was just as healthy as other children.“IVF had moved from vision to reality and a new era in medicine had begun，” BBC commented.Ever since then，public opinion has evolved considerably.Couples who were unable to have babies began thronging(蜂拥)to Edwards clinic.Nowadays，Reuters reports，some 4.3 million other “testtube” children exist.Edwards received a Nobel Prize in 2010 and was knighted(封为爵士)by Queen Elizabeth the following year.Before his death，Edwards was still in touch with Louise.“He is like a granddad to me，”she said in an interview with the Daily Mail.He is a granddad to millions，in fact.1What is the article mainly about?AThe first testtube baby.BA new era in medicine.CThe inventor of IVF technology.DThe changes IVF technology has brought.答案C解析主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句“Edwards，the inventor of the In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) technologymore commonly known as testtube(试管) baby technologypassed away on April 10,2013 at the age of 87.”及下文内容可知文章主要讲的是IVF技术的发明者，故选C。2The writer quoted Peter Braude to .Ashow how difficult it was for Edwards to do his workBdescribe what kind of person Edwards wasCexplain why Edwards is loved by all childrenDcomment on Edwards achievement答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段可知提到Peter Braude是为了赞扬Edwards的成就，故选D。3The underlined word “opposition” in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to “ ”Aattack BsupportCtest Dinfluence答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第六段中的“Edwards and his colleague Patrick Steptoe faced opposition from churches，governments and media，not to mention attacks from many of their fellow scientists.”可发现下文提到了同事的攻击(attacks)，说明opposition的意思和“攻击”(attack)是相似的，故选A。BAnais Nin was a famous writer.Nin was born FrenchCuban but lived in the United States in her later years of life till she died.Nins works had her relationships with authors，artists，and other figures as the main subject.Some of her writings were made into films.Nin was also a visiting lecturer in several colleges and promoted Womens Movement with her strong writings.Anais Nin was born in France in 1903.Her father was a Spanish artist and a composer living in Cuba(古巴) where he met her mother，a French singer working in Cuba.As a child Nin was brought up in Spain.When her parents separated，Nin and her two brothers moved to New York with their mother.At the age of 16，Nin decided to give up studying and started to work as a dancer and model to reduce the financial burden on her mother so that her brothers could go on with their studies.In 1923，Nin got married to her husband，Hugh Parker Guiler in Cuba.In 1924，Nin and Hugh moved to Paris where Hugh continued with his banking career and Nin started writing.Nin wrote her first book in print，D.H.Lawrence：An Unprofessional Study in 16 days.In 1939，Nin left Paris as it was a French governments request to its residents to leave Paris because of the coming war.Nin returned to New York with Hugh and sent her written books to Frances Steioff of the Gotham Book Mart in New York for safekeeping.In 1931，Nin wrote her book Henry and June：From the Unexpurgated Diary of Anais Nin.In 1936，Nin published House of Incest which was a 72page fiction novel.Nin also appeared and was a part of various films.In 1973，Anais Nin was awarded an honorary doctorate(荣誉博士学位) by the Philadelphia College of Art.In 1974，Nin was elected to the United States National Institute of Arts and Letters.In 1977，Nin died in her Los Angeles home after battling with cancer for three years.4What can we know about Anais Nin from the first paragraph?AShe was a native American.BShe started Womens Movement.CShe gave lectures in several colleges.DShe wrote mainly about her family life.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Nin was also a visiting lecturer in several colleges”可知答案为C。5Why did Anais Nin give up studying at the age of 16?ABecause her parents divorced.BBecause she wanted to help support her family.CBecause she wanted to realize her dream of becoming an artist.DBecause she moved from country to country.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“At the age of 16，Nin decided to give up studying and started to work as a dancer and model to reduce the financial burden on her mother so that her brothers could go on with their studies.” 可知B正确。6We can infer from the passage that .ANin got married in 1923 and started writing a year laterBNin wrote her book Henry and June：From the Unexpurgated Diary of Anais Nin after she moved to AmericaCNin directed and played in various filmsDAnais Nin was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Philadelphia College of Science答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句“In 1923，Nin got married to her husband，Hugh Parker Guiler in Cuba.In 1924 Nin and Hugh moved to Paris where Hugh continued with his banking career and Nin started writing.”可知A正确。.完形填空Gandi wanted so badly to help the world that he devoted himself to removing selfinterest out of his heart and mind，leaving them pure，healthy，and free to love.It took him nearly twenty years to gain such control of his 7 process.When in South Afr