地理上的英语名词.doc

intercropping间种法interdependence相互依赖interflow间层流；表层流interlocking spur交错山咀intermediate technology中等科技intermittent stream间竭河流；断续河流；季节河流intermontance basin山间盆地internal force内营力internal migration国内迁移；境内迁移internal structure of city城市内部结构International Date Line国际日期变更线interpolation插值法interquartile range四分位数间距interrelationship相互关系interrupted stream中断河Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)热带幅合带inter-tropical front热带锋inter-urban interaction城市间相互作用inter-urban migration城市间人口迁移interviewing访问inner city内城区inner city decay内城衰落inorhanic pollutant无机污染物input投入；输入insecticide杀虫剂inselberg岛山；残丘inshore fishing近岸捕鱼insolation日射instability不稳定状态institutional factor制度因素institutional influence制度影响institutional land use社团土地利用instrusion侵入instrusive rock侵入岩instrusive vulcanicity侵入火山活动integrated iron and steel works钢铁联合企业intensity of development发展密度intensity of rainfall降雨强度intensive farming精耕法；集约式农业interception(1)截留，(2)截取industrial sector工业部门；工业部份industrial shift工业转移industrial sururb市效工业区industrial waste工业废料industrial zone工业区industrialization工业化industry(1)工业，(2)行业infant mortality rate婴儿死亡率infanticide杀婴infiltration rate下渗率；渗润率infinite population无限总体inflation通货膨胀inflitration下渗作用；渗润作用informal recreational activities非形式化康乐活动infrared radiation红外线幅射infrastructure基本建设；基本设施inland drainage内陆水系inland port内陆港inlet小湾in-migration国内人口迁移；向内人口迁移induced earthquake诱发地震industrial activity工业活动industrial agglomeration工业集聚industrial area工业区industrial base工业基地industrial chain工业链锁industrial development工业发展industrial dispersion工业离散industrial district工业区industrial estate工业industrial growth工业增加industrial inertia工业惯性industrial land use工业土地利用industrial landscape工业景观industrial linkage工业联系industrial location工业区位industrial pattern工业型式industrial population工业人口industrial relocation工业区位转移Industrial Revolution工业革命illiteracy rate文盲率illuvial horizon淀积层immature soil未成年土immigrant移民immigration国外移入impended drainage不良排水impermeable不透水impermeable rock不透水岩impervious rock不透水岩import进口import substitution代替进口；进口取代in situ原位incineration焚化；焚烧incised meander深切曲流inclination of the earths axis地轴倾斜度independent variable自变量；自变数index指数；指标indicator species指示物种indigenous population土着indigenous species本地品种housing problem房屋问题Hoyts Sector Theory霍伊特楔形模式；霍伊特扇形模式human adjustment人为调节；人为调节的行动humic acid腐殖酸humid climate湿润气候humidity湿度humification腐殖质化作用humus腐殖质hurricane飓风hybrid杂种hydration水化作用；水合作用hydraulic action水力作用hydraulic head压力水头hydraulic radius水力半径hydridaisation杂交；杂化hydrocarbon碳氢化合物hydro-electric power水力发电hydrograph水文过程线hydrological (water) cycle水分循环hydrology水文学high order function高级功能high order goods高级商品high pressure area高压区high pressure system高压系统high technology高科技high tide高潮；满潮highland climate高山气候high-order manufacturing高级工业high-rise building高建楼宇high-rise development高建发展high-water mark高潮线；高水位线highway transport公路运输hill-shading晕渲法；阴影法hinterland腹地histogram直方图historical factor历史因素historical inertia历史惯性histosol有机土；泥灰土；沼泽土hoar frost白霜hobby-farmer业余农民heat transfer热量输送heat wave热浪heath荒原heavy industry重工业heavy metal重金属heavy soil黏重土壤hectare公顷hectopascal (hPa)百帕斯卡hematite (haematite)赤铁矿herb草本植物herbicide除草剂；除莠剂herbivore食草动物Hercynian mountain-building movement海西造山运动herding畜牧hertz赫（频率单位）heterogeneous异类；异质heterotroph异养生物hierarchy层系；阶层high class residential zone高等阶层住宅区；高尚住宅区high density development高密度发展hanging valley悬谷hardness 硬度hardpan硬磐hardwood硬木Harris & Ullmans Multi-Nuclei Model哈里期和乌尔复核心模式harvest收成；收获haulage运费hazard灾害；公害haze霾head of navigation通航终点headland岬headwater erosion向源侵蚀；溯源侵蚀headwater erosion源头heat (thermal) capacity热容量heat (thermal) pollution热污染heat absorption热吸收heat balance热量平衡heat budget热量收支heat island热岛heat release放热gully control沟蚀防治gully erosion (gullying)冲沟侵蚀；沟蚀gust阵风gypsum石膏habitat生境hachuring晕滃法Hadley cell哈得来环流圈haematite (hematite)赤铁矿hail雹hailstone雹块hailstorm雹暴halo晕；日晕halomorphic soil盐成土halophilous plant (halophyte)盐生植物hamada (hammade, rocky desert)石质荒漠；石质沙漠；岩漠hamlet小村庄hammade (hammade, rocky desert)石质荒漠；石质沙漠；岩漠hand specimen手标本handicraft industry手工业hanging glacier悬冰川grike岩溶沟；石炭岩沟grinding研磨作用gross domestic product (GDP)国内生产总值；本地生产总值gross national product (GNP)国民生产总值gross national product (GNP) per capita人均国民生产总值gross primary production总第一级生产量；总初级生产量gross raw material毛量原料ground moraine底碛ground photograph地面照片ground radiation地面幅射ground water地下水ground water recharge地下水补给groundmass基质grouped data分组数据；分组资料；分类数据；分类资料growing season生长期growth centre成长中心growth form生长型groyne海堤guard cell保卫细胞gully冲沟grike岩溶沟；石炭岩沟grinding研磨作用gross domestic product (GDP)国内生产总值；本地生产总值gross national product (GNP)国民生产总值gross national product (GNP) per capita人均国民生产总值gross primary production总第一级生产量；总初级生产量gross raw material毛量原料ground moraine底碛ground photograph地面照片ground radiation地面幅射ground water地下水ground water recharge地下水补给groundmass基质grouped data分组数据；分组资料；分类数据；分类资料growing season生长期growth centre成长中心growth form生长型groyne海堤guard cell保卫细胞gully冲沟graben (rift valley)地堑；裂谷grade(1)均夷，(2)粒级，(3)等级，(4)地度graded profile均衡剖面gradient坡度gradient wind梯度风grain diameter粒径grain elevator谷物仓库granite花岗岩granular distintegration粒状崩解granule团粒；颗粒graph图表graphical interpretation图表阐析graphical representation图示；以图样表达grassland(1)草原，(2)草地gravel砂砾gravity重力；地心吸力gravity flow重力水流gravity model引力模式；重力模式grazing放牧great circle大图圈glacial landform冰川地貌；冰川地形glacial plain冰成平原glacial recession (retreat)冰川后退glacial snout冰川鼻；冰川前端glacial till (till)冰川沉积物；冰碛物glacial trought冰川槽glaciated valley冰川谷glaciation冰川作用glacier冰川；冰河glaciofluvial deposit冰水沉积；冰河沉积；冰川沉积gleization (gleying)潜育作用gley soil潜育土gleying (gleization)潜育作用global circulation全球环流global warming全球增温globe地球仪gneiss片麻岩Gondwanaland冈瓦那古陆gorge峡谷gour (mushroom rock, pedestral rock)菌状石；风蚀柱gelifaction胶凝作用genetics遗传学gentle slope缓坡geo海蚀隙geochemical cycle地球化学循环geographical (true) north正北geographical inertia地理惯性geographical information system (GIS)地理信息系统geologic (geological) time scale地质年代表geological age地质年代geology地质学geometric distribution几何分布geometric progression几何等级geostrophic wind地转风geosyncline地槽geothermal power地热能geyser间歇喷泉ghetto城市中少数民族区gill netting刺网法glacial deposit (drift)冰川沉积物；冰碛function功能functional classification功能分类functional hierarchy功能层系functional segregation功能分化functional specialization功能专门店functional unit功能单位functional zone功能区fungicide杀真菌剂fungus真菌furrow irrigation沟灌gabbro辉长岩galaxy星系gale大风；烈风gallery forest走廊林gap山峡gap town峡口城市garden city花园城市garment industry制衣业；成衣业gaseous waste气体废料gauging station测水站；水文测量站friction of distance路程阻力frictional drag (resistance)摩擦曳力；摩擦阻力frictional layer摩擦层frictional resistance (drag)摩擦阻力；摩擦曳力frigid zone寒带fringing reef岸礁；边礁；裙焦front锋frontal fog锋面雾frontal precipitation锋面降水frontal rain锋面雨frontogenesis锋生作用frontolysis锋消作用frost霜frost action (frost shattering)冻裂作用frost wedging冻楔作用frost-free days (period)无霜期fruit gathering野果采摘fuel燃料fumarole喷气孔fume烟forest reserve护林区forestry林业form ratio宽深比（河流）forward bearing向前方位fossil化石fossil oil化石燃料fracture zone裂缝带fragment碎屑free face崖壁；直坡free-market economy自由市场经济freeze-thaw action冻融作用freezing结冰freezing level结冰高度freight rate运费率；运价frequency频数；频率；次数frequency distribution频率分布frequency polygon频数多边形；频率多边形fresh rock新鲜岩石friable rock酥炸土friction摩擦；阻力fog雾fog drip雾滴fohn (foehn)焚风fold褶曲；褶皱fold mountain褶曲山；褶皱山folding 褶曲作用；褶皱作用foliated structure菊状结构food chain食物链food crop粮食作物food processing industry食品加工业food web食物网foodhill settlement山麓聚落footloose industry无导向工业；随意区位工业forced migration强迫迁移foreground前景foreland前地foreshock前震foreshore前滩forest森林；树林forest floor(1)林地，(2)林床；林地被覆物floodplain泛滥平原floodplain management泛滥平原管理floodway (flood relief channel)分洪道flora植物群；植物区系flow chart流程图flow diagram流程图flow line流向线flow of energy能量流动flow of resources资源流动flow of structure流状构造flow-line map流向线图fluvial deposit河流沉积物fluvial landform河流地貌；河流地形fluvial morphology河流形态fluvial process河流作用fluviological deposit冰水沉积物focal point汇点；焦点focal region汇点区fodder crop饲料作物foehn (fohn)焚风flood frequency洪水频率flood hazard洪患flood hydrograph洪水过程线flood insurance洪水保险flood irrigation漫灌；淹灌flood level洪水位flood peak (crest)洪峰flood period (duaration)汛期；洪水期flood prediction (forecasting)洪水预报flood proofing防洪flood protection防洪；防汛flood regulation洪水调节flood relief channel (floodway)分洪道flood season洪水季；汛期flood stage洪水位flood storage蓄洪flood wall防洪墙flood warning洪水警报flooding routing洪水演算flooding wave洪水波fixed dune固定沙丘fjord (fiord)峡湾flash flood洪滥；山洪暴发flat rock平岩flatted factory分层工厂大厦flat-topped hill平顶山floating dock浮坞floating population(1)浮动人口，(2)水上人口flocculation絮凝作用flood(1)泛滥，(2)洪水flood abatement消洪；灭洪flood alleviation缓洪flood control防洪；洪水控制flood crest (peak)洪峰flood damage洪水灾害flood detention滞洪flood discharge洪水流量flood diversion分洪flood duration (period)汛期；洪水期flood forecasting (prediction)洪水预报field of view视野；视场field reconnaissance实地查勘；野外查勘；实地初测；野外初测field size农地面积field sketching实地描绘；野外描绘field study实地考察；野外考察field survey实地调查；野外调查filtration过滤financial centre金融中心fine texture soil幼质地土壤fine-grained rock幼粒岩石finger lake指状湖finished product制成品finite population有限总体fiord (fjord)峡湾firebreak隔火路firn (neve)粒雪；永久积翮；永久冰雪fish pond鱼塘fishing ground渔场fissure eruption裂缝喷发fixed cost固定成本feedback loop反馈环feeder road支线公路feeding habit摄食习性fell-field(1)荒高地，(2)稀矮植物区felspar (feldspar)长石fen沼泽fern羊齿类动物；蕨ferrallitic soil铁铝土Ferrels law费利尔定律ferricrete铁质壳ferruginous soil铁质土；富铁土fertility(1)肥力，(2)生育力，(3)出生率fertilizer肥料fetch吹程；浪程field boundary农田边界field capacity (field moisture capacity)田间持水量field crop杂粮；大田作物field investigation实地调查field moisture capacity (foeld capacity)田间持水量field observation实地观察；野外观察farming method耕作方法farming practice农耕方式farming research农业研究farming season农事季节farming settlement农业聚落farming system农业系统farmland农地farmstead农庄fathom line等噚线fault断层；断裂fault breccia断层角砾岩fault line断层线；断裂线fault plane断层面fault scarp断层崖faulting断层作用；断裂作用fault-line scarp断层线崖fauna动物群；动物区系fazenda大农场（巴西）feature形貌；特征feedback反馈extrusion喷出；挤出extrusive rock喷出岩extrusive vulcanicity喷出火山作用eye of tropical cyclone热带气旋风眼fabricating industry装配工业factor of location区位因素；布局因素factor of production生产因素factor substitution因素代替Fahrenheit scale华氏温度表fall-line瀑布线（美）fallow休耕fallow time休耕时间family planning家庭计划；计划生育family-life cycle家庭生活周期farm size农场面积farm unit农场单位farmers calender农民行事历farming农业；耕作farming efficiency农耕效率farming landscape农业景观exhumation剥露作用exogenic process外力作用；外成作用exotic river外源河exponential curve指数曲线export出口export-oriented industry出口导向工业exposed coast裸露海岸；暴露海岸extended family大家庭extensive farming粗放式农业；广耕法external economies外部经济效益external force外营力external migration国外迁移；境外迁移extinct species已灭绝生物品种extinct volcano死火山extinction of species品种灭绝extrapolation外推法；外插法extreme climate极端气候extreme environment极端环境extreme event极端事件extreme value极值ethnic area种族区ethnic group种族群ethnic minority少数种族ethnic segregation种族隔离Eurasia欧亚大洲eustasy海面升降；海面进退eustatic movement海面升降运动eutrophic富养分eutrophication富养化作用evaporation蒸发作用evapotranspiration蒸发蒸腾作用even (regular) slope均匀坡evergreen forest常绿林evolution演化；进化excavation(1)掘蚀，(2)挖掘excessive urbanization过度城市化exchange capacity交换量exchangeable cation交换性阳离子；交换性正离子exfoliation剥离作用；页状剥落作用exhaust gas废气；排气epicentre震央；震中epiphyte附生植物Equator赤道equatorial air mass赤道气团equatorial climate赤道气候equatorial low赤道低气压equatorial rain forest赤道雨林equatorial trough赤道低压槽eradication of disease消除疾病erg (sandy desert)砂质荒漠；砂质沙漠erodibility可侵蚀性erosion侵蚀erosion cycle侵蚀循环erratic漂石eruption爆发escarpment单斜山；马头丘estancia大牧场(南美)estate(1)大农场，(2)estuarine delta河口三角洲estuary河口湾environmental constraint环境限制environmental degradation环境退化environmental education环境教育environmental gradient环境梯度environmental hazard环境灾害；环境危害environmental impact环境影响environmental impact statment环境影响报告environmental improvement环境改善environmental lapse rate环境温度递减率；环境温度直减率environmental perception环境感观environmental planning环境规则environmental pollution环境污染environmental quality环境质素environmental resources环境资源environmental risk环境风险Eocene epoch始新世epeirogenic movement造陆运动ephermeral (1)短生植物，(2)短生ephermeral stream季节性河流；间歇性河流epicdermis表皮energy flow能量流energy level能量级energy ratio能量比率energy reserve能源蕴藏energy resources能源资源energy source能源energy subsidy能源补助energy surplus能量过剩energy transfer能量转移engineering industry机械工业englacial moraine内冰碛entisol新成土entrenched meander嵌入曲流；深切曲流entrenched stream嵌入河；深切河entrenched valley嵌入河谷；深切河谷entrepot转口港entrepreneur企业家entrepreneurial factor企业管理因素environmental capacity环境容量environmental conservation环境保护eluvial deposit(1)残积物，(2)淋溶沉积物eluvial horizon淋溶层eluviation淋溶作用；淋失作用embankment堤基emergence上升emergent(1)露生植物，(2)挺水植物emergent coast上升海岸emigrant移民emigration移居国外empirical data实验数据employment structure就业结构end (terminal) moraine终冰碛endangered species濒临灭绝的生物品种；濒危物种endogenic process内力作用；内成作用energy balance能量平衡energy budget能量收支energy conservation能源节约energy crisis能源危机energy deficit能量亏损energy efficiency能量效率；能源效率economies of scale规模经济效益ecosphere生态圈ecosystem生态系统ecotone群落过渡带；群落交错区ecotype生态型edaphic climax土壤演替顶极群落edaphic factor土壤因素eddy旋涡effciency of energy transfer能量变换效率；能量转换效率effective precipitation有效降水量effluent(1)污水；废水，(2)湖源河eight point compass八方位罗盘elasticity of demand需求弹性elasticity of supply供给弹性elbow of capture袭夺河弯electrical conductivity导电性；导电率electromagnetic wave电磁波electronics industry电子业elevated peneplain上升准平原elevation(1)海拔；高度，(2)仰角ecological damage生态破坏ecological efficiency生态效率ecological niche生态位；小生境ecological pyramid生态塔ecological succession生态演替ecology生态学economic base经济基础economic bloc经济集团economic depression经济萧条economic development经济发展economic growth经济增长economic man经济人economic recession经济衰退economic recovery经济复甦economic region经济区economic rent经济租值economic take-off经济起飞economic utility经济效用economically active population经济活动人口economically inactive population非经济活动人口earth-flow泥流earthquake地震earthquake focus震源earthquake intensity地震强度earthquake origin震源earthquake period地震期earthquake prediction地震预报earthquake scale地震震级earthquake wave地震波earthquake zone地震带earthquake-prooff design抗震设计earths axis地轴earths crust (crust)地壳earthy土状easterlies(1)东风，(2)东风带easting东行线ecocline生态变异；生态差型ecological balance生态平衡ecological community生态群落ecological crisis生态危机dry-bulb thermometer干球温度计drying agent干燥剂duckweed浮萍；青萍dumping area 倾卸区dune沙丘dune encroachment沙丘扩侵duplex house复式房屋durable goods耐用品duricrust铝铁硅钙壳duripan硬磐Dust Bowl尘暴区（美）dust storm尘暴dwelling unit居住单位dyke rock脉岩dyke(dike) (1)岩墙；岩脉，(2)堤dynamic equilibrium动态平衡earth movement地壳运动earth pillar土柱earth revolution地球公转earth rotation地球自转drainage system水系draught animal役畜dredging清淤；疏浚dreikanter三稜石；风稜石drift (adlt) mining横坑开采法drift material飘流物；漂流物drill rig钻油台；钻塔drip-tip滴水叶尖drizzle微雨；毛毛雨drought 干旱drought-resistant plant抗旱性植物drowned river valley (rai)溺谷；溺河drumlin脊背丘；鼓丘dry (arid) climate干旱气候dry (wind) gap旱峡；风口dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热温度递减率；干绝热温度直减率dry crop旱田作物dry farming旱耕法dry rice旱稻dry valley干谷；涸谷dormitory suburb郊外居住区；郊外住宅区dormitory town居住城镇dot map点示图double cropping雨造耕作；双作downcutting下蚀作用；下切侵蚀downdraft (downdraught)下沉气流downfold向斜downstream下游downthrow下盘downtown市中心；城市商业区（美）downward filtering process下滤过程downwelling沉降流downwind effect下沉风效应drag velocity摩阻流速drainage(1)水系，(2)排水drainage area(1)流域，(2)排水区drainage basin河盆；河域drainage density河网密度;排水密度drainage network(1)河网，(2)排水网drainage pattern水系型式distributional pattern分布形态diurnal (daily) range of temperature日温差divergence(1)辐散，(2)分向diversification多元化divided circle (pie graph)圆瓣图division of labour分工doldrums赤道无风带dolerite粗玄岩doline溶斗；漏斗形灰岩坑domain领域dome穹丘，圆丘domesti refuse家庭废物domestic sewage生活污水；家庭污水domesticated animal驯养家畜domestication驯化；驯养dominant animal优势动物dominant plant优势植物dominant species优势种dormancy休眠dormant volcano睡火山disclimax亚演替顶极discordant coast横或海岸discordant drainage不协调水系discrete data不连续数据 disease control疾病控制diseconomies of scale规模不经济disintegration崩解；分解dismembered drainage解体水系dispersed settlement分散聚落dispersion(1)离中趋势；离中差，(2)离散displacement位移disposal处置；处理dissected plateau切割高原dissection切割作用；分割作用dissipation消散作用dissolved load溶解搬运质dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧distance decay随距递减；随距衰减distributary分流distributi