2015笔译实践课程作业.doc

笔译实践课程作业（第一周 英译汉 两篇）（1）Women are free. At least, they look free. They even feel free. But in reality women in the western, industrialized world today are like the animals in a modern zoo. There are no bars. It appears that cages have been abolished. Yet in practice women are still kept in their place just as firmly as the animals are kept in their enclosures. Women have fallen victim to one of the most insidious and ingenious confidence tricks ever perpetrated. The ingenious point about the new-model zoo is that it deceives both sides of the invisible barrier. Not only cannot the animal see how it is imprisoned; the visitors conscience is relieved of the unkindness of keeping animals shut up. The pressures society exerts to drive men out of the house are very nearly as irrational and unjust as those by which it keeps women in. Society is playing on our sexual vanity. Tell a man that he is not a real man, or a woman that she is not 100 percent woman, and you are threatening both with not being attractive to the opposite sex. No one can bear not to be attractive to the opposite sex. Thats the climate which the human animal cannot tolerate. So society has us all at its mercy. It has only to murmur to the man that staying home is a feminine characteristic, and he will be out of the house like a bullet. It has only to suggest to the woman that logic and reason are the exclusive province of the masculine mind, where intuition and feeling are the female forte, and she will throw her physics textbooks out of the window. So brilliantly has society contrived to terrorize women with this threat that certain behavior is unnatural and unwomanly, that it has left them no time to consideror even sheerly observe-what womanly nature really is. Fright has thrown her into such a muddle that she confuses having no taste for cookery with having no breasts, and conversely assumes that nature has unfailingly endowed the human female with a special handiness with frying pans. Even psychoanalysis has unwittingly reinforced the terrorization campaign. The trouble was that it brought with it from its origin a medical therapy a criterion of normality instead of rationality. If a woman who is irked by confinement to the kitchen merely looks around to see what other women are doing and finds they are accepting their kitchens, she may well conclude that she is abnormal and had better enlist her psychoanalysts help toward living with her kitchen. What she ought to ask is whether it is rational for women to be kept to the kitchen, and whether nature really does insist on that in the way it insists women have breasts. The normal and natural thing for human beings is not to tolerate handicaps but to reform society and to circumvent or supplement nature. In reality, the whole idea of a specifically feminine or masculine contribution to culture is a contradiction of culture. A contribution to culture is not something which could not have been made by the other sex; it is something which could not have been made by any other person. Not only are the distinctions we draw between male nature and female nature largely arbitrary and often pure superstition, they are completely beside the point. They ignore the essence of human nature. The important question is not whether women are or are not less logical by nature than men, but whether education, effort and the abolition of our illogical social pressures can improve on nature and make themand, incidentally, men as wellmore logical. Civilization consists not necessarily in defying nature but in making it possible for us to do so if we judge it desirable. The higher we can lift our noses from the grindstone of nature, the wider the area we have of choice; and the more choices we have freely made, the more individualized we are. We are at our most civilized when nature does not dictate to us, as it does to animals and peasants, but when we can opt to fall in with it or better it. If modern civilization has invented methods of preparing baby foods and methods of education which make it possible for men to feed babies and for women to think logically, we are betraying civilization itself if we do not set both sexes free to make a free choice. 译文：女人是自由的。至少，她们看起来自由，甚至随意。但在现实中，女性在西方工业化世界的今天就像待在现代动物园的动物。这里没有障碍。看起来，笼子已被取消。然而，在现实中，妇女仍然保持在自己的位置，就像动物一样被牢牢地禁锢。女人已经沦为有史以来的最阴险和最巧妙的骗局之一的牺牲品。关于新型动物园最巧妙的一点是，它用无形的屏障蒙蔽了周围两侧。不仅动物看不到它自己是如何被监禁;而且满足了游客们监禁不友好的动物的自尊心。社会压力驱使男子出门挣钱而让女人待在家里，这两种压力几乎是一样非理性和不公平的。社会是在玩弄性虚荣的把戏。告诉一个男人他不是一个真正的男人，或者告诉一个女人她不是百分之百的女人女人，你被双方威胁没有异性吸引力。没有人能忍受被嘲笑没有异性的吸引力。这是人类这种动物无法容忍的状况。因此，社会在摆布我们所有人。它只是埋怨男人，待在家里是一个女性的特征，男人就会像像子弹一样冲房子。它只是建议女人，逻辑和理智是男性内心所独有的范围，而直觉和感觉则是女性的强项，女人就会把她的物理教科书扔出窗外。因此，社会十分聪明，它人为地胁迫女人威胁她们某些行为是不自然的，没有女人味的，它让她们没有时间去考虑，甚至纯属观察到底什么是什么女人的天性。惊吓让她们惊魂未定，如此混乱，她们将没有味道的烹饪与没有胸混淆，相反地，她们认为大自然持续地赋予人类女性特殊的应付煎锅的技能。即使精神已经在无意中强化了恐吓活动。问题是，它带来的是从它的起源以来的医学治疗常态，而不是理性的标准。如果一个因被禁锢在厨房里而被激怒的女人只是环顾四周，看看其他妇女在做什么，发现她们正在接受她们的厨房，她可能断定她是异常的，最好争取她的心理医生对于她的生活和厨房的帮助。我们通过坚持女性有乳房这样的方式来检验我们是否还坚持天性。对人类来说正常和自然的东西不是去阻碍而是要改革社会，以避免或补充性质。在现实中，关于文化的特别女性化或男性化贡献的整个构思是文化的矛盾。对文化的贡献并不是不可以由另一性别的人来创造;它是一些不能由其他人来创造的东西。不仅我们得出的男性性质和女性性质的区分是武断的，而且往往是单纯的迷信，他们是完全跑题了。他们忽略了人性的本质。重要的问题不是女人是否天生的逻辑性就不如男性，而是教育，努力和我们不合逻辑的社会压力的取消是否可以作用于并提高这种天性，顺便地，也使男人更有逻辑。文明不一定在于无视性质，而在于使那些我们认为值得拥有的东西对我们来说成为可能。我们越不懈努力，辛勤工作，我们会有越多的选择;我们做的自由选择越多，我们就更加独立。我们最文明的时候就是文明不再支配我们的时候，对动物和农民都是如此，但我们可以选择就这样无所作为还是做的越好。如果现代文明已经发明了准备婴儿食品和教育的方式，这才有可能使男性喂养婴儿，女性具有逻辑思维，然而如果我们禁止男女双方作出自由的选择，我们就背叛了文明本身。（2） We all have some half-secret old ambitionsto be something else, to be someone else, to leap out of the interminable self and into another skin, another life. The daydream of an alternative self is a strange, flitting thing. This wistful speculation often occurs in summer, when a vacation loosens the knot of ones vocational identity. The soul at odd moments will make woozy rushes at the pipe dream. Like a gangster who has cooperated with the district attorney, we want a new name and a new career and a new house in a different cityand maybe a new nose from the D.A.s cosmetic surgeon. Usually, the impulse passes. The car gets packed and pointed back toward the old reality. The moment dissolves, like one of those instants when one falls irrevocably in love with the face of a stranger through the window as the bus pulls away. Sometimes, the urge does not vanish. The results are alarming. This month Ferdinand Waldo Demara Jr. died. That was his final career change. His obituary listed nearly as many metamorphoses as Ovid did. Demara, “the Great Imposter,” spent years of his life being successfully and utterly someone else: a Trappist monk, a doctor of psychology, a dean of philosophy at a small Pennsylvania college, a law student, a surgeon in the Royal Canandian Navy, a deputy warden at a prison in Texas. Demara took the protean itch and amateurs gusto, old American traits, to new frontiers of pathology and fraud. Usually, it is only from the safety of retrospect and an established self that we entertain ourselves with visions of an alternative life. The daydreams are an amusement, a release from the monotony of what we are, from the life sentence of the mirror. The imaginations pageant of an alternative self is a kind of vacation from ones fate. The whole mechanism of daydreams of the antiself usually depends upon the fantasy remaining fantasy. Hell is answered prayers. God help us if we had actually married that girl when we were 21. In weak, incoherent minds, the yearning antiself rises up and breaks through a wall into actuality. That seems to have happened with John W. Hinckley Jr., the young man who shot Ronald Reagan last year. Since no strong self disciplined his vagrant aches and needs, it was his antiself that pulled the trigger. It was his nonentity. The antiself is a monster sometimes, a cancer, a gnawing hypothesis. All of our lives we are accompanied vaguely by the selves we might be. Man is the only creature that can imagine being someone else. The fantasy of being someone else is the basis of sympathy, of humanity. Daydreams of possibility enlarge the mind. They are also haunting. Around every active mind there always hovers an aura of hypothesis and the subjunctive: almost every conscious intellect is continuously wandering elsewhere in time and space. The past 20 years have stimulated the antiself. They have encouraged the notion of continuous self-renewalas if the self were destined to be an endless series of selves. Each one would be better than the last, or at least different, which was the point: a miracle of transformations, dreams popping into reality on fast-forward, life as a hectic multiple exposure. For some reason, the more frivolous agitations of the collective antiself seem to have calmed down a little. Still, we walk around enveloped in it, like figures in the nimbus of their own ghosts on a television screen. Everything that we are not has a kind of evanescent being within us. We dream, and the dream is much of the definition of the true self. The antiself has a shadowy, ideal life of its own. It is always blessed and yet it subtly matures as it runs a course parallel to our actual aging. The Hindu might think that the antiself is a premonition of the souls next life. Perhaps. But in the last moment of this life, self and antiself may coalesce. It should be their parting duet to mutter together.译文：我们每个人都有一些半秘密的老的野心，是别的东西，是别的人，要跳出无休止的自我并进入到另一个皮囊，另一种生活。反自我的白日梦是一种奇怪的，飞来飞去的东西。这种渴望的投机活动往往发生在夏天的时候，当假期放松人的职业身份的结。在奇怪的时候，灵魂会做头昏眼花的白日梦。就像曾与地方检察官合作的歹徒，我们希望有一个新的名字和新的工作，在不同的城市有新的房子，或者是一个来自整容外科医生的新的鼻子。通常，冲动会消失。汽车被打包，开的时候会回到老的现实。消失的时候，就像在公交车离开时，通过车窗瞬间不可救药地爱上了一个陌生人的脸。有时候，冲动是不会消失。结果往往是震惊的。本月费迪南德沃尔多德马拉死了。这是他职业生涯的最后变化。他的讣文和奥维德曾经做过的变形一样多。 德马拉，“大骗子”，花了几年他成功地成为了另一个人。一个苦修士，心理学博士，宾夕法尼亚的一个小型大学的哲学院院长，一个法律系学生，一个加拿大皇家海军的外科医生，德克萨斯州一所监狱的副区长。德马拉有千变万化的渴望和爱好自由的热情，就是美国人的特征，是一种新前沿领域病理学的欺诈。通常,只有从安全的回顾和建立自我地位，我们才能从另一种生活的想像中使自我娱乐。白日梦是一种娱乐,一种从现实的单调的生活中释放出来,从镜子对我们的终身判决中释放出来。反自我的幻想的盛大场面是用于摆脱自我命运的一个假期。克尔凯郭尔没有真正表明着他应该是一个警察的间谍,尼克松也没有表明他应该是一个体育记者。反自我的白日梦的全部机制依靠幻想保持。地狱是祈祷的回复。如果我们真的和21岁时遇到的女孩结了婚就是上帝帮助了我们。弱小的、不连贯的思想，会由另类的自我将其上扬冲破阻碍变成现实。这看来发生在约翰欣克利的小年轻人去年枪击罗纳德里根。因为没有强大的自我约束，他流浪的疼痛和需要致使他的另类自我扣动了扳机。这就是他的虚无。有时，另类的自我就是一个怪物，一种癌症,一种生命的吞噬。我们的生活可能由模糊的自我相伴的。人类是唯一一种可能想象成别人的生物。幻想成为其他人的基础是同感和人性化。白日梦可能扩大思想。他们也令人难以忘怀的。在每一个活跃的思想周围总是围绕着假设和虚拟的光环:几乎每一个活跃的头脑不断在其他地方的时间和空间上徘徊。在过去的20年里,另类的反自我也受到了刺激。他们鼓励不断的自我更新的概念好像无数自我组成的系列。每一个会比过去更好,或者至少是不同的,这一个是重点:一个奇迹的转变，白日梦加快了梦想变成现实,生活好似不停的多重曝光。出于某种原因,极其反自我的骚动不安看似已经平静了下来。不过,被反自我包围的我们四处走动的话,就像电视上被自己灵魂所笼罩的人物。每件事不只是在我们心中有短暂的停留。我们的梦想,梦想其实是很多真实的自我定义。反自我与模糊的属于自己的理想的生活。它总是祝福，但它巧妙地成熟，因为它平行延伸到我们的实际老化过程。印度教可能会认为反自我是灵魂的下生活的预感。也许。但在这种生活中，自我和反自我的最后时刻可能合并。这应该是他们离别时嘀咕起来。（第二周 汉译英 两篇） （1）如果我是一个从前的哲人，来到今天的世界，我会最怀念什么？一定是这六个字：善良，丰富，高贵。看到医院拒收付不起昂贵医疗费的穷人，听凭危急病人死去，看到商人出售假药和伪劣食品，制造急性和慢性的死亡，看到矿难频繁，矿主用工人的生命换取高额利润，看到每天发生的许多凶杀案，往往为了很少的一点钱或一个很小的缘由夺走一条命，我为人心的冷漠感到震惊，于是我怀念善良。善良，生命对生命的同情，多么普通的品质，今天仿佛成了稀有之物。中外哲人都认为，同情是人与兽的区别的开端，是人类全部道德的基础。没有同情，人就不是人，社会就不是人呆的地方。人是怎么沦为兽的？就是从同情心的麻木和死灭开始的，由此下去可以干一切坏事，成为法西斯，成为恐怖主义者。善良是区分好人与坏人的最初界限，也是最后界限。看到今天许多人以满足物质欲望为人生惟一目标，全部生活由赚钱和花钱两件事组成，我为人们心灵的贫乏感到震惊，于是我怀念丰富。丰富，人的精神能力的生长、开花和结果，上天赐给万物之灵的最高享受，为什么人们弃之如敝屣呢？中外哲人都认为，丰富的心灵是幸福的真正源泉，精神的快乐远远高于肉体的快乐。上天的赐予本来是公平的，每个人天性中都蕴涵着精神需求，在生存需要基本得到满足之后，这种需求理应觉醒，它的满足理应越来越成为主要的目标。那些永远折腾在功利世界上的人，那些从来不谙思考、阅读、独处、艺术欣赏、精神创造等心灵快乐的人，他们是怎样辜负了上天的赐予啊，不管他们多么有钱，他们是度过了怎样贫穷的一生啊。看到有些人为了获取金钱和权力毫无廉耻，可以干任何出卖自己尊严的事，然后又依仗所获取的金钱和权力毫无顾忌，肆意凌辱他人的尊严，我为这些人的灵魂的卑鄙感到震惊，于是我怀念高贵。高贵，曾经是许多时代最看重的价值，被看得比生命还重要，现在似乎很少有人提起了。中外哲人都认为，人要有做人的尊严，要有做人的基本原则，在任何情况下都不可违背，如果违背，就意味着不把自己当人了。今天的一些人就是这样，不知尊严为何物，不把别人当人，任意欺凌和侮辱，而根源正在于他没有把自己当人，事实上你在他身上也已经看不出丝毫人的品性。高贵者的特点是极其尊重他人，他的自尊正因此得到了最充分的体现。人的灵魂应该是高贵的，人应该做精神贵族，世上最可恨也最可悲的岂不是那些有钱有势的精神贱民？我听见一切世代的哲人在向今天的人们呼唤：人啊，你要有善良的心，丰富的心灵，高贵的灵魂，这样你才无愧于人的称号，你才是作为真正的人在世间生活。善良，丰富，高贵令人怀念的品质，人之为人的品质，我期待今天更多的人拥有它们。译文： If I was a former philosopher, I came to todays world, what Ill miss most? It must be six words: goodness, rich and noble. We see the hospital reject the poor because they can not afford the expensive medical expenses , let dangerous patient dies, see businessmen sell fake and shoddy food, manufacture acute and chronic mortality, see frequent mine disaster, miners with their lives in exchange for the high profit, see many murders happen every day,often just for little money or a small reason kill a man, I was struck by the indifference of the people, so I miss goodness.Goodness, lives sympathy for life, how ordinary quality, seems to have become a rare thing today. Chinese and foreign philosophers believe that sympathy is the beginning of the distinction between man and beast, it is the basis of all human morality. Without sympathy, human are not human, society is not a place for people to stay. How people become the beast? It begins from the numbness and extinct of sympathy , then you can go on doing all the bad things, becoming Fascist, become terrorists. Kindness is he initial boundary and final boundary to distinguish between good and bad . Today many people take meeting the desire for material as the only goal in life, their life is composed of two things ,to make money and spend money,I was shocked by peoples poor hearts, so I miss the rich.Rich, it is growing, blooming and fruiting of ability of the human spirit, the highest enjoyment the crown of creation God has given to the crown of creation, why people discarded it as rubbish? Chinese and foreign philosophers believe that rich mind is the true source of happiness, spiritual pleasure is much higher than physical pleasure. Gods gift would have been fair, everyone have natural spiritual needs , after basic survival needs are met, this demand should awaken, its meet should increasingly become the main targets. Those people always toss in the utilitarian world ,who do not understand the meaning of thought, reading, alone, art appreciation and spirit creation. how they disappoint Gods gift, no matter how much money they have, how poor life they have spent.See some people can do anything to sell their dignity in order to obtain money and power no shame, and then with impunity and abuse of the dignity of others rely on the acquired money and power. I am shocked by these despicable soul , so I miss elegance. Elegance, which is most important value of many eras, is also important than life, and now it seems rarely be mentioned. Chinese and foreign philosophers believe that people should have human dignity and fundamental principles, and in any case not be violated, if violated, it means not regard themselves as people. Some people today is so, do not what is the dignity, do not take people as human beings,even bullying and humiliation to them, and the root is that he did not regard himself as one person, in fact, you can not see any human character in him. The feature of the elegant is extremely respect for others, therefore his dignity has been most fully reflected. The human soul should be elegant, people should do spiritual nobility, the worlds most hateful and most sadly, not that those rich and powerful spiritual pariah? I hear all the generations of philosophers appeal to people today: ah, if you have a good heart, rich spirit, noble soul, you will be worthy of the title of person, you are a real person living in the world .Good, rich, elegance - unforgettable quality, quality of man as man, and I am looking forward to more people today have them.（2）各位来宾，女士们，先生们，朋友们：第八届中国郑州国际少林武术节已于昨天正式拉开大幕。为组织好各项武术竞赛，今天在这里召开领队、教练和裁判联席会。首先，我代表本届武术节执委会竞赛部和郑州市体育局，向远道而来的各位嘉宾和朋友们，表示热烈的欢迎！向深切关心和大力支持本届武术节的国家武管中心，表示衷心的感谢！郑州自古为华夏腹地，有着悠久的历史和灿烂的文化，为国家历史文化名城和八大古都之一。今天的郑州，在中国的发展格局中发挥着日益重要的作用，正在走向更加开放、繁荣和美好的明天。发源于郑州的少林武术，已经成为传播中华文明的桥梁和连接四海宾朋情谊的纽带；诞生于此的少林武术节，也有力促进了武术运动在世界范围内的推广与普及。接下来的几天里，我们将在国家体育总局和武管中心的正确领导下，在海内外朋友的关心支持下，努力为各项比赛创造良好条件，为各方嘉宾提供周到服务，把本届武术节办成精彩、热烈、和谐、完美的体育盛会！衷心祝愿各参赛队取得优异的比赛成绩！衷心祝愿大家在郑州期间生活愉快、身体健康！谢谢大家。译文： Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, friends: Eighth China Zhengzhou International Shaolin Wushu Festival was officially opened yesterday. To organize the contest well, the team leader, coaches and referees here together to hold a Joint meeting. First of all, I want give a warm welcome to the distinguished guests and friends from afar on behalf of the Executive Committee of this Wushu Festival Competition Department and Zhengzhou Municipal Sports Bureau! I also want to express my heartfelt thanks to the current national Wushu control center ,which contribute deep concern and strong support to the present Festival! Zhengzhou, as the hinterland in China since ancient times, it has a long history and splendid culture since ancient times as the hinterland, it is ancient historical and cultural city and one of the eight ancient capital city. Zhengzhoutoday plays an increasingly important role in Chinas development pattern,it is moving toward a more open, prosperous and a better tomorrow. Shaolin wushu originated in Zhengzhou, has become a bridge of spreading Chinese civilization and friendship ties connecting universal friend; Shaolin Wushu Festival was born here, it also effectively promotes the martial arts have a world-wide promotion and popularization. The next few days, we will be under the correct leadership of the State Sports General Administration and mi