中外比较会计ch(2).ppt

Chapter7PlantAssetsorProperty PlantandEquipment PPE P188 310 210 332 Keywords revenueexpenditure收益性支出capitalexpenditure资本性支出Bookvalue账面价值Residual salvage value残值Impairment减值 Property PlantandEquipment 国际会计准则IAS16经过修订由原来的 固定资产会计 更名为 不动产 厂房和设备 Property plant andequipment 是近年来国外会计界在探讨取消固定效益 Fixedassets 这一概念的一种反映 Example Coco colaannualreportPage31GEfinancialstatementPage32 Characteristicsofplantassets 1 plantassetsarephysicalobjects tangible 2 plantassetsareacquiredtobeusedinoperations notforsale 3 plantassetsprovidebenefitsoverseveralaccountingperiods longterm Costofaplantasset ApplicationofhistorycostprincipleTheinitialcostofaplantassetincludesallexpendituresnecessarytogetitinplaceandreadyforuse suchasrelatedtax interest freightcharges insuranceetc 1 Land P190 312 purchaseprice brokeragecommission surveyfees legalfees propertytaxes expendituresforgradingandclearingthelandandfordemolishingandremovingtheunwantedbuildings 购买价格 经纪人佣金 测量费 法律费 财产税 平整和清理支出以及摧毁和移动所不需要的建筑物的支出 2 BuildingsP191 192 313 3143 MachineryandEquipment p192 314 purchaseprice净购价b freight transportationcharges运输费c insuranceintransit在途保险费d salesandothertaxes销售税及其他税e installationcost安装成本f testingcost试运行成本 4 LandandLeaseholdImprovements p192 314 土地及租赁物改良工程 Improvementstorealestatesuchasdriveways fences parkinglots sprinklersystemshavealimitedlifeandthereforearerecordedinanotheraccount butsewerinstallationshouldbeincludedinthelandaccount 5 ConstructioninProgress p192 314 在建工程aplantassetthatisbeingconstructed AcquisitionofAssets 1 purchasesLand100 000Cash accountspayable 100 000 2 acquiringadonatedassetsBuilding200 000DonatedCapital200 000 3 byissuingstockDr LandCr Commonstock 普通股 Contributedcapitalinexcessofpar 资本公积 4 Lump sum basket purchases p193 315 一揽子购买Toallocatetheacquisitioncostamongtheassetsonthebasisoftherelativefairmarketvalue 公允市价 ofeach Assumethatafirmacquiredlandandabuildinginalump sumpurchasefor 90 000cash Thelandhasanestimatefairmarketvalueof 25 000andthebuilding 75 000 Land22 500 90 000 25 000 100 000 Building67 500Cash90 000 5 purchaseswithinstallmentpayment 分期付款 ArthurpurchasedmachineryfromGeneralCo oninstallmentplan Arthurissueda10 year 1 000 000note themachinery smarketvalueis 600 000 Dr Machinery600 000Discountoninstallmentpayable400 000Cr Installmentpayable1 000 000 Dr InterestexpenseCr Discountoninstallmentpayable EXPENDITURE Increasesoperatingefficiencyoraddstocapacity CapitalandRevenueExpenditures Depreciation 折旧 1 straight linemethod SL Cost Residualvalue YearsofUsefulLife 2 units ofproductionmethod UOP Cost Residualvalue EstimatedUnitsofProduction 3 declining balancemethod double declining balance DDB150 declining balance usedinincometaxreturns ratherthanfinancialstatementAnnualdepreciationexpense Remainingbookvalue DBrateNoticethattheresidualvalueofaplantassetdoesnotenterintothecomputationofdepreciationexpensebythedeclining balancemethod 4 Sum of the years digitsmethodDepreciationExpenseAccumulateddepreciation Depreciationandincometaxes P325 203TranslationMostcompaniesusethestraight linedepreciationmethodforreportingtotheirstockholdersandcreditorsontheirfinancialstatements Theyalsokeepaseparatesetofdepreciationrecordsforcomputingtheirincometaxes Forincometaxpurposes mostcompaniesuseanaccelerateddepreciationmethod Supposeyouareabusinessmanager TheIRSallowsanaccelerateddepreciationmethod whichmostmanagersprefertostraight linedepreciation Why Becauseitprovidesthemostdepreciationexpenseasquicklyaspossible thusdecreasingyourimmediatetaxpayments Youcanthenapplythecashyousavetofityourbusinessneeds MACRSdepreciationfortaxpurposes P326 204 MACRS ModifiedAcceleratedCostRecoverySystem修订的加速成本回收制TheTaxReformActof1986 DepreciationforpartialyearsP327 205 Purchasedonorbeforethe15thofamonth recordafullmonth sdepreciationPurchasedafterthe15thofamonth recordnodepreciationHalf yearconvention半年期惯例 ChangingtheusefullifeofadepreciableasstP327 205 Thiscorrectionaffectsonlytheamountofdepreciationexpensethatwillberecordedinthecurrentandfutureperiods Thefinancialstatementsofpastperiodsarenotrevisedtoreflectchangesintheestimatedusefullivesofdepreciableassets 未来适用法不用追溯调整 Thechangeanditseffectshouldbereportedinnotestothefinancialstatement ExampleP328 206 AccountingforPlantAssetDisposals WhenPlantassetslosetheirusefulnesstheymaybedisposedofinoneofthefollowingways 1 discarded 2 sold or3 traded exchanged forsimilarassets GainorlosswillbereportedintheincomestatementasOtherIncomeorOtherLoss Whenplantassetsaresold theownermaybreakeven sustainaloss orrealizeagain Saleofplantassets Dr CashAccumulatedDepr EquipmentLossonDisposalofplantassetsCr EquipmentGainonDisposalofplantassets Exercise companysoldabuildingwithahistoricalcostof 200 000andaccumulateddepreciationof 140 000atthedateofdisposalfor 80 000cash Cash80 000Accu Depn 140 000Buildings200 000Gainonsaleofbuilding20 000 ExchangingforsimilarassetsP331 209 Transferthebookvalueoftheoldassetplusanycashpaymentintothenewassetaccount Theimpairment 减值 ofplantassetsIfthecostofanassetcannotberecoveredthroughfutureuseorsale theassetshouldbewrittendown 减记 toitsnetrealizablevalue Theoffsettingdebitistoalossaccount Thesewrite offs 转销数 generallydonotenterintothedeterminationoftaxableincome Dr Non operatingexpenseCr provisionforimpairmentonPPE NaturalResourcesandDepletion自然资源和折耗 NaturalResourcesandDepletion Abusinesspaid 400 000fortheminingrightstoamineraldepositestimatedat1 000 000tonsofore Thedepletionrateis 0 40perton 400 000 1 000 000tons Nat