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机械毕业设计全套

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JXFZ01-022@油位传感器壳体模具设计与动画演示,机械毕业设计全套

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Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing Computer-aided design (CAD)involoves the use of computer to create design drawings and product models computer-aided design is usually associated with interactive computer graphics (known as a CAD system). Computer-aided design systems are powerful tools and used in the mechanical design and geometric modeling of products and components. In cad ,the drawing board is replaced by electronic input and output devices.when using a cad system,The designer can conceptualize the object to be desiged more easily on the graphics screen and can consider alternative designs or modify a particular design quickly to meet the necessary design requirements or changes. The designer can then subject the design to a variety of engineering analyses and can identify potential problems (such as an excessive load or deflection).The speed and accuracy of such analyses far surpass what is available form traditional methods. Draft productivity rises dramatically. When something is drawn once, it never has to be drawn again. It can be retrieved from a library, and can be duplicated, stretched, sized, and changed in many ways without having to be redrawn. Cut and paste techniques are used as Labor-saving aids. CAD makes possible multiview 2D drawings, and the drawings can be reproduced at different levels of reduction and enlargement. It gives the mechanical engineer the ability to magnify even the smallest components to ascertain if assembled components fit properly. Parts with different characteristics, such as movable or stationary, can be assigned different color on the display. Designers have even more freedom with the advent of 3D modeling. They can create 3D parts and manipulate them in endless variations to achieve desired results. Through finite element analysis, stresses can be applied to a computer model and the results graphically displayed giving the designer quick feedback on any inherent problems in a design before the creation of a physical prototype. In addition to the designs geometric and dimensional features, other information (such as a list of materials, specifications, and manufacturing instructions) is stored in the CAD database. Using such information, the designer can then analyze the economics of alternative designs. Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) involves the use of computer and computer technology to assist in all the phases of manufacturing a product, including process and production planning, machining, scheduling, management, and quality ntscontrol. Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing are often combined into CAD/CAM systems. This combination allows the transfer of information from the design stage into the stage of planning for the manufacture of a product, without the need to reenter the data on part geometry manually. The database developed during CAD is stored; then it is processed further, by CAM, into the necessary data and instructions for operating and controlling production machinery, material-handing equipment, and automated testing and inspection for product quality. In machining operations, an important feature of CAD/CAM is its capability to describe the tool path for various operations, such as NC turning, milling, and drilling. The instructions (programs) are computer generated, and they can be modified by the programmer to optimize the tool path. The engineer or technician can then display and visually check the tool path for possible tool collisions with fixtures or other interferences. The tool path can be modified at any time, to accommodate other part shapes to be machined. Some typical applications of CAD/CAM are: (a) programming for NC, ENC, and industrial robots; (b) design of tools and fixtures and EDM electrodes; (c) quality control and inspection, for instance, coordinate-admeasuring machines programmed on a CAD/CAM workstation; (d) process planning and scheduling; and (e) plant layout. The emergence of CAD/CAM has had a major impact on manufacturing, by standardizing product development and by reducing design effort, tryout, and prototype work; it has made possible significantly reduced costs and improved productivity. The two-engine Boeing 777 passenger airplane, for example, was designed completely by computer (paperless design). The plane is constructed directly from the CAD/CAM software developed (an enhanced CATIA system) and no prototypes or mockups were built, such as were required for previous models. 计算机与制造业 计算机正在将制造业带入信息时代，计算机长期以来在商业和管理方面得到了广泛得应用，它正做为一种新型得工具进入到工厂中，而且它如同蒸气机在100年前使制造业发生改变那样，正在使制造业发生着改革。 尽管基本得金属切削过程不可能发生根本性得改变，但是是他们得组织形式和控制方式必将发生改变。 nts从某一方面可以说，制造业正在完成一个循环。最初得制造业是家庭手工业；设计者本身也是制造者，产品的加工和构思由同一个人完成。后来，形成了零件互换性 这个概念，生产被依照专业功能分割开来，可以成批的生产数以千计的相同零 件。 今天，尽管设计者与制造者不可能再是同一个人，但在向集成制造系统前进的途中，这两种功能已经越来越靠近了。 可能更具讽刺意味的是，在市场需求高度多样化的产品的时候，提高生产效率和降低成本的必要性促使着制造业朝着集成为单调关联系统方向变化。这是一个连续的过程，在其中零件不需要花费多达 95的生产时间用在运输和等待加工上。 计算机是满足这两项要求中任何一项的关键。它是能够提供快速反应能力、柔性和来满足多样化市场的唯一工具。而且，它是实现制造系统集成所需要的能够进行详细分析和利用精确数据的唯一工具。 在将来计算 机肯那个会是一个企业生存的基本条件，许多现今的企业将会被生产能力更高的企业组合所替代。这些生产能力更高的企业组合是一些具有非常高的质量、非常高的生产率的工厂 。目标是设计和运行一个能够以高生产率的方式生产 100合格产品的工厂。 一个采用先进技术的、竞争的世界正在促使制造业开始做更多的工作，使其本身采用先进的技术。为了适应竞争，一个公司会满足一些在某种程度上相互矛盾的要求，诸如产品的多样化、提高质量、增加生产率、降低价格。在努力满足这些要求的过程中，公司需要一个采用先进技术的工具，一个能够对顾客的需求作出快速 反应，而且从制造资源中获得最大收益的工具。 计算机就是工具。 成为一个具有 “非常高的质量、非常高的生产率 ”的工厂，需要对一个非常复杂的系统进行集成。这只要通过采用计算机对机械制造的所有组成部分 设计、加工、装配、质量保证、管理和材料装卸及输送进行集成才能完成。 例如 ，在产品设计期间，交互式的计算机辅助设计系统使得完成绘图和分析工作所需要的时间比原来减少了好几倍，而且精确程度得到了很大的提高。此外，样机的试验与评价程序进一步加快额设计进程。 在制订制造计划时，计算机辅助编制工艺规程可以从数以千计的工序和加工过 程中选择最好的加工方案。 在车间里，分布式智能以微处理器这种形式来控制机床、操纵自动装卸料设备和收集关于当前车间状态的信息。 但是这些各自独立的改革还远远不够。我们所需要的是由一个共同的软件从nts