Reading in Depth.doc

(Reading in Depth) Section AQuestions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The way you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually _47_ you money or can add to the cost. Take the _48_ example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the _49_ buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest _50_ price. But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive _51_ to dry your hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.So what principles should you _52_ when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any valuable _53_ in excellent condition, youll be saving money in the long run. Before you buy a new _54_ , talk to someone who owns one. If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular purpose. Before you buy an expensive _55_, or a service, do check the price and what is on offer. If possible, choose _56_ three items or three estimates.Apossession Bsave Cbest Dappliance EmaterialFfrom GsimpleHwith Iin JelementKmodel Litem Measy Nadopt OreasonableSection BPassage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to articulate their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.“No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree of intimacy of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Extroverts enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas introverts are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of intimacy is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in ones life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Irrespective of the level of intimacy, all friendships are based on reciprocity, honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.57.The second paragraph implies that_ .Ateenagers without friends will suffer from psychological problemsBa widow or a widower will die very soon without companionshipChuman beings need companionship and a sense of belongingDboth A and B58. “No man is an island”(Line 1, Para. 3) implies that _.Aeveryone is a part of an islandBman cannot be an islandCeveryone is just a part of societyDsociety is an island59. The degree of intimacy of friendship mainly depends on_.Aage Bbelonging Cpersonality Dculture60. The author thinks that close friends_.Acan be easily formed when one is youngBcannot be long-lastingCare not rare for everyoneDare rare for most people61.The word “irrespective”(Last sentence, Para. 5) means_.Anot respecting Bdishonoring Cregardless DconsideringPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Sixteen years ago, Eileen Doyles husband, an engineer, took his four children up for an early morning cup of tea, packed a small case and was never seen or heard of again. Eileen was astonished and in a state of despair. They had been a happy family and, as far as she knew, there had been nothing wrong with their marriage.Every day of the year a small group of men and women quietly pack a few belongings and without so much as a note or a good-bye close the front door for the last time, leaving their debts, their worries and their confused families behind them.Last year, more than 1,200 men and nearly as many women were reported missing from homethe highest in 15 years. Many did return home within a year, but others rejected the past completely and are now living a new life somewhere under a different identity.To those left behind this form of desertion is a terrible blow to their pride and self-confidence. Even the finality of death might be preferable. At least it does not imply rejection or failure. Worse than that, people can be left with an unfinished marriage, not knowing whether they will have to wait seven years before they are free to start a fresh life.Clinical psychologist Paul Brown believes most departures of this kind to be well planned rather than impulsive. “Its typical of the kind of personality which seems able to ignore other peoples pain and difficulties. Running away, like killing yourself, is a highly aggressive act. By creating an absence the people left behind feel guilty, upset and empty.”62.When her husband left home, Eileen Doyle_.Acould not forgive him for taking the childrenBhad been expecting it to happen for some timeCcould not understand whyDblamed herself for what had happened63. Most people who leave their families behind them_.Ado so without warning Bdo so because of their debtsCcome back immediately Dchange their names64. Some people would even prefer the death to the running away of their spouse because _.Atheir spouse would feel no pain during the deathBtheir spouses death would not blow their pride and confidenceCa desertion would not bring a feeling of rejection or failureDtheir spouses death would make them feel less painful65.The man or woman left behind with an unfinished marriage usually_.Aadmits responsibility for the situationBwishes the person who has left were deadCcomes back within a yearDwill have no legal marriage life for seven years66. Paul Brown regards leaving home in such circumstances as_.Aan act of despair Ban act of selfishnessCthe result of a sudden decision Dthe result of the enormous sense of guiltSection A47.【解析】Bsave 本文主要讲理智的购物可以省很多钱的问题。你购买一件物品或者一份服务的方式真的可以给你省钱或者让你多花钱，所以此处空格填save，“节省”。48.【解析】Gsimple 就拿吹风机作一个简单的例子。空格处用simple形容例子符合文章所表达的意思。49.【解析】Cbest 如果你要买一个吹风机，当你选了一个外观你非常喜欢而且价格又是最便宜的，你一定认为你买了最好的东西。make the best buy即是说买了最好的东西。50.【解析】Iin 以怎样的价格用固定短语in price。最便宜的价格就是the cheapest in price。51.【解析】Kmodel 意为“样式，型”。当你把它买回家，你才发现它要花两倍于较贵的吹风机所花的时间来吹干你的头发。a more expensive model更贵的一款。52.【解析】Nadopt 意为“采用”。那么你外出购物时应该采用什么样的原则呢?adopt principles “采用原则”，principles 需要用adopt 来搭配。53.【解析】Apossession 意为“拥有物”。如果你保持你的家、你的车，或者任何一件值钱的物品处于一种良好的状态中，从长远的眼光来看你会省钱。54.【解析】Dappliance 意为“用品，器具”。在你买一个新的用品之前，先与有这个物品的人交流一下。55.【解析】Litem 在买一个贵的东西之前，要看好价格和正在出售的物品。item可用来指代物品。56.【解析】Ffrom 这个空格前是动词choose，从中作出选择即用介词from来搭配。Section BPassage One57.【解析】C推断题。本文讨论了友谊的重要性。不论是青少年还是老年人，都需要朋友的陪伴。没有人是孤立的，每个人都是社会的一部分，都需要他人的爱、陪伴和关心。文章第二段表明人都需要陪伴和归属感。文章第二段提到没有朋友的青少年和丧偶的老年人常常会有心理问题，并提到陪伴和归属感是他们共同的需求，所以C为正确答案。答案A和B都过于武断，作者只是说一般而言，并没有说一定会，所以不对。58.【解析】C细节题。“No man is an island” (Line 1, Para. 3) 的意思是，每个人都是社会的一部分。第三段第二句话解释了这句引言的意思， “In other words, we are all parts of society”，所以C为正确答案。59.【解析】C细节推理题。友谊的亲密程度主要取决于人的个性。见第四段第二句，“The degree of intimacy of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals .”，所以C为正确答案。60.【解析】D细节推理题。作者认为多数人的亲密朋友并不多。见第五段第三句，“Close friends can be formed at any stage in ones life but they are usually very rare”在人生的任何阶段都可以交到亲密的朋友，但数量通常很少，由此推断D为正确答案。61.【解析】C词汇题。“irrespective”(第五段最后一句)这个词语的意思是“不论，不考虑”。见最后一句，“Irrespective of the level of intimacy, all friendships are based on .”不论亲密的程度如何，任何友谊都是建立在互惠、诚实和一定的友爱和关怀的基础之上的。根据上下文，可推测出这个词语的意思是“不论，不考虑”。所以C为正确答案。Passage Two62.【解析】C细节题。问题问“当她的丈夫离家出走时，Eileen Doyle怎么样?”根据第一段第二行“Eileen was astonished.”可以断定C“(她)不明白为什么”应该是正确答案。其余三项均不符合文章意思。63.【解析】A细节题。问题问“离开家庭的大多数人”。该题较简单，解题依据应该是文章第二段，其大意为:一年中的每一天都有一小帮男人和女人悄然收拾几件行李，没有留下任何纸条或说一声再见(“.without so much as a note or goodbye.”，其中without so much as为重要句型，表示“甚至都没有”)，最后一次关上前门离家出走了，把他们的债务、他们的忧虑，还有迷惑不解的家庭抛在身后。A项正确。64.【解析】D细节题。文章第四段第二、三句说明那些被遗弃的人甚至宁愿自己的配偶已经死亡，至少死亡不会意味着自己被抛弃或失败，所以要比被遗弃的感觉好点。B、C两项属于四级考试中典型的陷阱式干扰项，因为B项中的“pride and confidence”及C项中的“rejection or failure”在原文中皆有出现，马虎的考生可能不假思索就选了B或C，正好中了圈套，其实稍微细心一点就会发现B、C和文章所说的并不是一回事。第四段第三句“At least it.”中的it是指death而不是题干中主语所指。65.【解析】D推断题。问题的题干应该在第四段最后一句，所以答案在此“.Worse than that,. an unfinished marriage,.wait seven years before.”，D项正是这种意思。66.【解析】B细节题。依据第五段第二行“Its typical of the kind of personality which seems able to ignore other peoples pain and difficulties.” B项说“这是一种自私行为”，为正确答案。A “这是种绝望行为”;C “这是突然决定的结果”;D “这是沉重负疚感的结果”。Part Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. Early in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always the 47 of a town. This street was lined on the both sides with many 48 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. In addition, some shops offered 49 . There shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. But in the 1950s, a change began to 50 place. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too few parking places were 51 to shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces outside the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers 52 . And open space is what they got when the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 53 as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. Attracted by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 54 areas to outlying malls. And the growing 55 of shopping centers led in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. By the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 56 of the stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.AdesignedFconvenienceKcosmeticsBtakeGservicesLstartedCheartHfameMdowntownDneededIvariousNavailableEthoughJpopularityOcheapnessSection A【全文翻译】在20世纪最后四分之一期间，美国的购物习惯发生了重大变化。20世纪初期，美国大部分的城市和城镇都有一个往往作为城镇中心的主要街道。街道两旁排列着许多各种各样的商店。在这里，顾客们步入商店，搜寻各种各样的商品：衣服、家具、五金和杂货。另外，有些商店还提供服务。这里的商店有药店、餐馆、修鞋店和理发店。但是，二十世纪五十年代开始出现了一种变化：主街道涌入了太多的汽车，却没有顾客停车的地方。由于街道变得拥挤不堪，商人们便开始格外注意城市界限之外的开阔地。开阔地是驾车的顾客所需要的，也是商人们建设首个购物中心时所考虑的。购物中心，或者说是购物商场，开始在拥挤的城市中心之外建起许多小型的新商店。受许多免费停车场的吸引，顾客们被从市区吸引到郊区的购物商场。购物中心变得越来越流行，转而建立起更大更好的商店。二十世纪七十年代后期，许多购物中心几乎发展成了小城市。除了提供停车购物的便利之外，购物中心也变成了景观公园，拥有坐椅、喷泉和户外娱乐设施。【答案解析】47.【解析】C本句意为主大街通常是一个城镇的中心。根据下文停车困难也可知应该为“中心”heart。48.【解析】I这条街道排成一列，街道两边都是各式各样的商店。various 意为“不同的、各种各样的”。49.【解析】G另外，一些商店还提供服务。提供服务可用固定的搭配 offer services。50.【解析】B所填词只有take 才能与后面的词place搭配，take place 为固定词组，意为“发生”。But in the 1950s, a change began to take place 意为20世纪50年代开始发生变化。51.【解析】N主街道充斥着太多的汽车，却没有地方给顾客停车。available 意为“可用到的、可利用的”，这里指没有可用的地方给顾客停车。52【解析】D本句意为空旷的空间是开车的顾客所需要的，故用needed。53.【解析】LShopping centers, or rather malls, started as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. 远离拥挤的城市中心很多小型的新商场聚集在一起构成了大规模购物中心。start 在此处是开业的意思。54.【解析】Mcustomers were drawn away from downtown areas to outlying malls.顾客们被从市中心区吸引到郊区的购物商场。市中心区即用downtown 一词。55.【解析】J购物中心越来越流行，popularity即普及、流行之意。56.【解析】F购物中心除了提供停车的便利之外，还提供其他服务。提供便利即用 provide convenience。Section B Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn cultureone has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonalds. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.57.According to the passage, which of the following is true?AAll international managers can learn culture. BBusiness diversity is not necessary.CViews differ on how to treat culture in business world.DMost people do not know foreign culture well.58.According to the author, the model of Pepsi.Ais in line with the theories that the business is business the world aroundBis different from the model of McDonaldsCshows the reverse of globalizationDhas converged cultural differences59.The two schools of thought.Aboth propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual culturesBboth advocate that different policies be set up in different countriesCadmit the existence of cultural diversity in business worldDboth A and B60.This article is supposed to be most useful for those.Awho are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversityBwho have connections to more than one type of cultureCwho want to travel abroadDwho want to run business on International Scale61.According to Fortune, successful international companies.Aearn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseasBall have the quality of patienceCwill follow the overseas local culturesDadopt the policy of internationalizationSection BPassage One【全文翻译】文化是国际商业中最具是挑战性的因素之一。作为一种体系，文化具有既定社会成员习得性行为模式的特点，不断受到一些动态变量的塑造，如：语言、宗教信仰、价值观、态度、行为方式和风俗习惯、美学、科技、教育和社会制度。为了应对这一体系，一个国际经理需要了解文化知识并对此作出诠释。在某种程度上，文化知识可以通过学习获得，但对文化的诠释只能通过实践获得。应对文化环境最复杂的问题源于这样一个事实：人生在文化中但却不能学习文化。关于如何应对文化的多样性，商界中存在两种观点。一种认为，商业是世界性的，遵循百事(Pepsi)和麦当劳(McDonald)的模式。在某些情况下，全球化就是生活;但是，文化差异仍然难以趋同。另外一种观点认为，企业必须调整其策略以适应特别的文化。在各个国家建立政策和程序就如同器官移植，关键的问题是以接受或排斥为中心。国际经理面临的主要挑战是要确认排斥不是由文化近视或者盲目所引起的。财富(Fortune)对十二个海外收入占其总收入20%或更多的大公司的国际业绩进行了研究。成功的国际公司都有一个重要的特征：耐心。它们不是冒失地闯入而是遵循最基本的商业原则认真地营造自己的经营活动。这些原则就是了解对手、了解观众以及了解顾客。【答案解析】57.【解析】C推断题。意为“在商业中怎样对待文化有着不同意见”。文化在商业中是一个很具挑战性的因素,不同的国家与地区可能会有不同的文化体系。在商业中，应该怎样对待不同的文化，商业界存在着不同的看法。58.【解析】A细节题。Pepsi采纳的是国际化的商业风格，这与那些主张国际化的派别的意见是相一致的。59.【解析】C推断题。意为“承认商业世界中文化的多元性”。两个派别都承认商业世界中文化的多元性。他们的不同在于，如何对待不同的文化，应该搞国际化还是对不同的文化采取不同的策略。60.【解析】D主旨题。由文中的例子可以知道，作者主要关心的并不是研究多种文化形态，而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。所以D是正确答案。61.【解析】B细节题。意为“都具有耐心这一素质”。即他们并不急于对号入座而是依据最基本的商业原则谨慎地建立自己的运行模式。Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.There are people in Italy who cant stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you its a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, and gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because theres the sport that glorifies “the hit”.By contrast, baseball seems abstr