JX02-017@JZ16T 型凿井绞车总体设计
收藏
资源目录
压缩包内文档预览：
编号：492591
类型：共享资源
大小：3.80MB
格式：ZIP
上传时间：2015-11-07
上传人：QQ28****1120
认证信息
个人认证
孙**（实名认证）
辽宁
IP属地：辽宁
30
积分
- 关 键 词：
-
机械毕业设计全套
- 资源描述：
-
JX02-017@JZ16T 型凿井绞车总体设计,机械毕业设计全套
- 内容简介：
-
河北工程大学毕业设计（论文） - 1 - Outside text data The hot processing of metals is to put the metals work piece in certainly lie quality to heat the feat temperature, and after this keep certain time in the temperature, again with a kind of craft method that the different speed cool off. The hot processing of metals is one of the important craft within the machine manufacturings, processing the craft to compare with the other, the hot processing does not change the shape and whole chemistry compositions of the work piece generally, but pass to change the work piece inner part of show minute details the organization, or change the chemistry composition of a surface, giving or improving the usage function of the work piece.Its characteristics is an inside quantity that improves the work piece, but this is not the naked eye generally to can see of. For make the metals work piece have need of mechanics function, the physics function and the chemistry function, in addition to reasonable choosing to use the material and variously taking shape the craft, the hot processing craft is usually essential to have of.The steel is an applied most wide material in the machine industry, the steel shows minute details the organization complications, can pass hot the processing gives the control, so the hot processing of the steel is a metals hot processing of main contents.Moreover, aluminum, copper, magnesium .etc. and its metal alloys can also change the different from the chemistry function, to acquire usage function of its mechanics, physics through a hot processing. In 1863, the British gold learned the different from the geologist displayed the steel under the microscope of six kinds ofly gold of house mutually to organize mutually, proving the steel while heating and cooling off, the inner part will take place the organization change, hour of heat in steel of mutually at nasty and cold change into a kind of harder mutually.Frenchman nts河北工程大学毕业设计（论文） - 2 - the Aositing receives the together plain and different theories of the iron of the virtuous establishment, and British the carbon of iron that the Aositing draw up at the earliest stage mutually diagram, lay the theories foundation for the modern hot processing craft first step.At the same time, the people still studied in the metals heating process of the hot processing to the protection method of the metals, to avoid to heat the process in the metals of oxidize and take off carbon etc. 1850-1880 years, carry on the protection heating to once have a series of patent for applied various air( such as hydrogen, coal gas, carbon monoxide.etc.).The British gram of 1889-1890 years acquires various metalses the patent of the shining hot processing. Since 20 centuries, the new technical transplantation of the development and others of the metals physics is applied, making the hot processing craft of metals get the larger development.A progress that shows the is 1901-1925 years, the application turns the tube stove to carry on the air carbon in industry produce;The 30s appears the dewdrop potential difference to account, making the carbon of the atmosphere inside the stove attained certainly can control, hereafter again study to use the red and outside instrument, oxygen of carbon dioxide to stretch forward etc. the further control stove inside the atmosphere carbon power of method;60s, the hot processing technique made use of etc. the function of the ion field, developped the ion nitrogen, carbon craft of ;Technical application of laser, electron beam, and then make the metals acquire the hot processing method of the new surface heat processing and chemistries. The hot processing craft includes the heating, heat preservation and cools off three processes generally, sometimes only heating and cooling off two processes.These processes connect up properly with each other, cant interrupted. The heating is one of the important steps of the hot processing.The nts河北工程大学毕业设计（论文） - 3 - metals heating method of the hot processing is a lot of, at the earliest stage is to adopted the charcoal and coals to be the hot source, then applied the liquid and gaseous fuels.The application of the electricity makes heat to be easy to the control, and have no pollution of the environment.Make use of these hot sources can heat directly, can also pass the salt or metalses of the meltdown, to go to float a son to carry on the indirect heating. When the metals heat, the work piece expose up in the air, usually take place to oxidize, take off the carbon( namely the steel spare parts surface carbon content lower), this to the hot processing behind spare parts of surface function have the very disadvantageous influence.As a result metals usually should in can control atmosphere or protect atmosphere, the meltdown salt moderates the vacuum in the heating, also can use the coating or packing the method carries on the protection heating. Heat the temperature is one of the important craft parameters of the hot processing craft, choosing and controling the heating temperature, is a key problem that guarantees the hot processing quantity.Heat the temperature with the metals material and hot processings that is handles of purpose be different, but generally is all to heat to change the temperature mutually above, to acquire the organization of demand.Change to need certain time moreover, so when a surface of the metals work attains the heating temperature of request, return must keep certain time in this temperature, make is consistent inside the outside temperature, making show minute details the organization the change completely, this time is called heat preservation time.Adoption high ability density heat and hot processing of surface, very heat the speed quickly, general have no heat preservation time or the heat preservation time very short, but chemistry hot processing of heat preservation time is usually longer. The cooling also is indispensable in the hot processing craft process of step, cool off method dissimilarity because of craft dissimilarity, mainly is a control cooling speed.Back the cooling speed of the fire generally the slowest, nts河北工程大学毕业设计（论文） - 4 - positive fire of cooling speed compare quickly, fire of cooling speed sooner.But return to have the different request because the steel grows the dissimilarity, for example the empty hard steel can use the similar cooling speed of positive fire to carry on the hard. The hot big body of craft of processing of metals can is divided into whole hot processing, surface hot processing, part hot processing and chemistry hot processing etc.Lie the quality and heat the temperature and cool off the dissimilarity of method according to the heating, each a major type can classified into some hot processing crafts of dissimilarity again.The same kind of metals adopts the different hot processing craft, can acquire the different organization, thus having the different function.The steel is an industry up the applied most wide metals, and the steel show minute details organization also the most complicated, therefore steel hot processing the craft category numerous. Whole and hot processing is to a whole heating of work, then cool off with the appropriate speed, to change the metals heat processing craft of its whole mechanics function.The whole hot processing of steel mostly backs the fire, positive fire, fire of and returns to four kinds of basic crafts of fire. Back the fire is to heat the work piece to the appropriate temperature, according to different from work piece size adoption heat preservation time of material, then carry on slow-moving cool off, the purpose is to make the metals internal organization attain or near to the equilibrium, acquiring the good craft function and using the function, or make the organization preparation for the further fire of .The positive fire is to heat the work piece to the feat temperature behind up in the air cooling, positive fire of result together back the fire likeness, the organization that just get is thinner, in common use in improvement the material slices to pare the function, also sometimes useding for being the end hot processing to the not high spare parts of some requests. nts河北工程大学毕业设计（论文） - 5 - Fire of is heat the work piece heat preservation after, in water, oil or others have no machine salt, organic aqueous solution wait coldly lie quality fast cooling.The steel piece becomes after the fire of hard, but change the frailty at the same time.For lowering the brittleness of the steel piece, carry on fire of behind of the steel piece at high in indoor temperature but low in 710 some appropriate temperatures of the s long-playing heat preservation, then carry on the cooling, this kind of craft is called to return to fire.It is four firess within whole and hot processings to back the fire, positive fire, fire of and return to fire, the fire of that is among them with return to the fire relation close, usually match with the usage, lack a cant. Four fires along with heat the temperature and cool off the dissimilarity of way, and then turn into a different and hot processing craft.For acquiring the certain strength and tenacities, the craft that the fire of and heat returns to the fire knot to put together, be called to adjust the quality.Some metal alloys fire formation supersaturation after is solid dissolve the body place it in indoor temperature or slightly high and appropriate temperature descend keep to compare the long time, to raise degree of hardness, strength or electricity magnetism etc.s of the metal alloy.The hot processing craft that is thus is called the time limited efficacy processing.Process the form to the pressure to change is valid with hot processing but closely the knot puts together to carry on, making the work piece method that acquires the good strength, tenacity to match with be called the form to become the hot processing;Carry on hot in take press atmosphere or vacuums the processing is called the vacuum hot processing, it not only can make the work piece does not oxidize, dont take off the carbon, a surface of work is clean after keep processing, raise the function of the work piece, but also can open into the of to carry on the hot processing of chemistry. The hot processing of surface heats a surface layer of work only, to change the metals heat processing craft of its surface layer mechanics nts河北工程大学毕业设计（论文） - 6 - function.For heating a surface layer of work but donting make the excessive calories stream into an inner part of work only, the hot source beard of the usage has the high energy density, giving on the work piece of the unit area bigger thermal energy, make a surface layer of work or part ability short time or attain the heat in a moment.Surface hot processing of main method, have the laser hot processing, the flames fire and respond the hot processing of heating, the in common use and hot source contain the oxygen B or oxygen propane etc. flameses, respond the electric current, laser and electron beam etc. The hot processing of chemistry is the metals heat processing craft that passes to change a surface layer chemistry composition, organization of work and functions.The chemistry hot processing and the surface heats handle the different place is the chemistry composition that the latter changed a surface layer of work.Hot processing of chemistry is put the work piece in contain carbon, nitrogen or other metal alloy chemical elements lie quality( air, liquid, solid) heating, the heat preservation compare with long hours, thus make the chemical elements, such as a surface layer infiltration carbon, nitrogen, of work and chrome.etc.After seeping into the chemical element, sometimes still need to carry on other hot processing crafts,such as fire of 淬 , and return to fire.Chemistry the main method of the hot processing contain carbon, nitrogen, metals, the compound .etc. The hot processing is one of the machine spare parts and important work preface within the work molding tool manufacturing processes.Big body to say, it can guarantee and raise various function of the work piece, if bear to whet, bear corrosion etc.Can also improve the organization of the semi-finished product and should the dint appearance, for the convenience of in carry on various cold, the heat process. For example an iron casting pass by to back with long hours the fire processing and can acquire can iron casting, exaltation;The wheel gear nts河北工程大学毕业设计（论文） - 7 - adoption the hot processing of the exactitude craft, the service life can compare not through hot processing of wheel gear become doubly or several decuples ground exaltation;Moreover, the carbon steel of the low price passes to seep into the metal alloy steel function that some metal alloy chemical elements have some prices, can replace the some and heat-proof steel, stainless steel;The work molding tool then almost all demands can use through hot processing square. nts河北工程大学毕业设计（论文） - 8 - 外文资料 翻译 金属热处理是将金属工件放在一定的介质中加热到适宜的温度，并在此温度中保持一定时间后，又以不同速度冷却的一种工艺方法。 金属热处理是机械制造中的重要工艺之一，与其它加工工艺相比，热处理一般不改变工件的形状和整体的化学成分，而是通过改变工件内部的显微组织，或改变工件表面的化学成分，赋予或改善工件的使用性能。其特点是改善工件的内在质量，而这一般不是肉眼所能看到的。 为使金属工件具有所需要的力学性能、物理性能和化学性能，除合理选用材料和各种成形工艺外，热处理工艺往往是必不可少的。钢铁是机械工 业中应用最广的材料，钢铁显微组织复杂，可以通过热处理予以控制，所以钢铁的热处理是金属热处理的主要内容。另外，铝、铜、镁、钛等及其合金也都可以通过热处理改变其力学、物理和化学性能，以获得不同的使用性能。 1863年，英国金相学家和地质学家展示了钢铁在显微镜下的六种不同的金相组织，证明了钢在加热和冷却时，内部会发生组织改变，钢中高温时的相在急冷时转变为一种较硬的相。法国人奥斯蒙德确立的铁的同素异构理论，以及英国人奥斯汀最早制定的铁碳相图，为现代热处理工艺初步奠定了理论基础。与此同时，人们还研究了在金属 热处理的加热过程中对金属的保护方法，以避免加热过程中金属的氧化和脱碳等。 1850 1880年，对于应用各种气体 (如氢气、煤气、一氧化碳等 )进行保护加热曾有一系列专利。 1889 1890年英国人莱克获得多种金属光亮热处理的专利。二十世纪以来，金属物理的发展和其它新技术的移植应用，使金属热处理工艺得到更大发展。一个显著的进展是 1901 1925年，在工业生产中应用转筒炉进行气体渗碳 ； 30年代出现露点电位差计 ,使炉内气氛的碳势达到可控，以后又研究出用二氧化碳红外仪、氧探头等进一步控制炉内气氛碳势的方法； 60年代，热处理技术运用了等离子场的作用，发展了离子渗氮、渗碳工艺；激光、电子束技术的应用，又使金属获得了新的表面热处理和化学热处理方法。 热处理工艺一般包括加热、保温、冷却三个过程，有时只有加热和冷却两个过程。这些过程互相衔接，不可间断。 加热是热处理的重要步骤之一。金属热处理的加热方法很多，最早是采用木炭和煤作为热源，进而应用液体和气体燃料。电的应用使加热易于控制，且无环境污染。利用这些热源可以直接加热，也可以通过熔融的盐或金属，以至浮动粒子进行间接加nts河北工程大学毕业设计（论文） - 9 - 热。 金属加热时，工件暴露在空气中，常常发生 氧化、脱碳 (即钢铁零件表面碳含量降低 )，这对于热处理后零件的表面性能有很不利的影响。因而金属通常应在可控气氛或保护气氛中、熔融盐中和真空中加热，也可用涂料或包装方法进行保护加热。 加热温度是热处理工艺的重要工艺参数之一，选择和控制加热温度 ，是保证热处理质量的主要问题。加热温度随被处理的金属材料和热处理的目的不同而异，但一般都是加热到相变温度以上，以获得需要的组织。另外转变需要一定的时间，因此当金属工件表面达到要求的加热温度时，还须在此温度保持一定时间，使内外温度一致，使显微组织转变完全，这段时间 称为保温时间。采用高能密度加热和表面热处理时，加热速度
- 温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
人人文库网所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。
川公网安备: 51019002004831号