3分词作状语与状语从句.doc

关键词：分词作状语，省略我们可以把分词做状语的情况看成是状语从句的省略。分词有现在分词（walking，lying）和过去分词（worn，flown，seen），我们先看看现在分词作状语的由来。一现在分词作状语1.当从句中主语与主句的主语一致，我们可以省略掉从句中的主语及be 动词的各种形式及连词。 When i was walking along the street, i met John.改写成 When walking along the street, i met John.最后我们可以把它写成Walking along the street, i met John 2.当从句主语与主句主语一致，我们把连词及主语省掉，然后把从句中的动词改成现在分词形式： If you work hard, you will surely succeed. 改成 Working hard, you will surely succee.（现在分词做时间状语） Because i had no money, i borrowed some from John. 改成 Having no money, i borrowed some from John.（现在分词做原因状语） It rained heavily in the south, so that it caused serious flooding in several provinces. 改成 It rained heavily in the south，causing serious flooding in several provinces.（现在分词做结果状语） They stood there for an hour and watched the game.改成 They stood there for an hour, watching the game. After I had dressed myself, i went to school. 改成 Having dressed myself, i went to school.(现在分词做时间状语) 注意：having done 作状语时用来表示动作发生的先后顺序，如Having answered the questions, i was allowed to leave. 有时为了把关系说清楚，我们仍然保留连词，比如下面这些句子If caught, the thief will be punished.The flowers his friend gave him will die unless watered every day.Generally speaking, when (it is) taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.-Who should be responsible for the accident?-The boss,not the workers. They just carried out the order as told.When first introduced to the market, these products enjoy great success.二过去分词作状语 当状语从句中从句主语与主句主语一致，从句的主语及被动语态中的be动词和连词去掉，就剩下了过去分词做状语的情况。 When the earth is seen from space，the earth is blue. 可以改成Seen from space, the earth is blue. Compared (=When she is) with most of the girls nowadays, Mary is still a good girl.三从句与主句主语一致Getting dark, I left in a hurry. 这句话对吗？错误的，因为现在分词的主语与主句的主语不一致，原句可补充完整为：When it got dark, I left in a hurry. 如果原句为When I saw it got dark, I left in a hurry. 我们就可以改为 Seeing that it got dark, I left in a hurry.四.拓展 1.如果从句与主句主语一致，从句是主系表结构（主系表结构如：I am happy. He is a man），我们可以省略掉主语与连词，把be动词的各种形式写成being。如Being（=As he is）a little child，my brother likes candy.Being(=Becausehe was) ill, he couldnt go to school.Being addicted to the comfort of city life,they do not like to live in the city.上述句子中有时甚至连being也省略掉。 2.当从句主语与主句主语不一致情况 当上述情况发生时，现在分词可以有自己的逻辑主语，看看下面的句子The weather being fine(=Becausethe weather was fine), we went out for a walk.The table being set(=When the table was set), we began to dine.John arriving home(=when John arrived home),Mary asked him to dine.So much money having been spent(=though so much money has been spent),we have not seen any good result. 3,这些词如 generally speaking, strictly speaking（严格地说）,judging from（由判断）, roughly speaking(粗略地说)等几个常用词组不受语法限制，只表示说话人的立场观点等 如Judging from his accent, he must be from Shanghai五相关练习：1. _ the news,they got excited.2. The cup dropped to the ground, _ into pieces.3. _(wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized that he had left the cheque in the car.4. _ ill, he didnt take part in the sports meeting.5. The storm left, _ a lot of damage.6. _ (not) what to do, he turned to his teacher for help.7. If _ for a while, you can get the result.Answers:1.Hearing 2. breaking 3. Havingwaited4. Being