3：名词性从句 16开.doc

名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。Have a try: 判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1. China is no longer what it used to be.2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.（一）引导名词性从句的连接词1、It hasnt been decided who should be asked to speak first. The question is whose idea is right. This is what he wants to do. Do you know what this is? 归纳：上述句子中的黑体词都是用来连接名词性从句的词，统称为：_：常见的连接代词有：_: _: _: _: _: _: _: _:连接代词在句子中有词义，在从句中担任成分，如_语、_语、_语、或_语等。2、When the guests will come hasnt been made public. You should know where you parked your car. This is why she had a day off yesterday. Do you know how soon they are coming?归纳：上述句子中的黑体词都是用来连接名词性从句的词，统称为：_：常见的连接副词有：_: _: _: _:连接副词在句子中有词义，在从句中担任成分，作_语。3、That the driver could not control his car was obvious. = (_) She hesitated whether/if she could take our advice. Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. 归纳：上述句子中的黑体词都是用来连接名词性从句的词，统称为：_：常见的连接词有：_: _: _:连接词在句子中无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语使用_(语序)。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。诀窍：根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。 4. whether和if的区别1) 规则：_I dont know whether/if they will come to help us. I am not sure whether/if Ill have time to go with you.2) 规则：_ I am not certain if/whether the train will arrive on time. I dont care if/whether your car breaks down or not. 3) 规则：_This depends upon whether we are determined to do it. It depends on whether he is ready. I am not interested in whether youll come or not. We havent settled the question of whether well renew our supplies of coal for factory. 4) 规则：_He doesnt know whether to stay or not. She doesnt knows whether to get married now or wait. 5) 规则：_We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan.We were discussing whether we should discuss the business with them. 6) 规则：_It is unknown whether he will come. Whether the news is true remains a question. 7) 规则：_What we want to know is whether he will come to speak to us tomorrow.The question is whether they can take our advice. 8) 规则：_The question whether well build another lecture building hasnt been settled.The question whether hell come is unknown. 9) 规则：_Tell me if it is not going to rain, please. He considered if he shouldnt tell her the secret. 练一练：用适当的连词填空：1. I cant decide _ dictionary I should buy.2. Thats _ he refused my invitation.3. I am very interested in _ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.4. _ we need is more time.5. The fact _ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.6. _ and _ they will meet has not been decided yet.7. Please tell me _ you are waiting for.8. Is that _ you are looking for?9. Would you please tell me _ the nearest post office is?10. I dont know _ he will agree to the plan or not.（二）主语从句要点1、_。e.g. Who will go is not important. When the new road is to be opened to traffic hasnt been made clear.要点2、_。e.g. It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not. It is important that you manage to find your way round London when visiting it. 常见结构：1) It is + _that clause It is a fact that . It is good news that It is a question that It is common knowledge that. 2) It is + _ that clause It is said that It is reported that . It has been proved that It must be pointed that 3) It + _ that clause It seems that It happened that . It follows that It has turned out that 4) It is + _ that clause It is important that It is necessary that . It is (un)likely that It is clear that .要点3、_。e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. That you manage to find your way round London when visiting it is important.（三）表语从句1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。常见的系动词有:_, _, _, _ 等。e.g. The question was who could go there. One advantage of solar is that it will never run out. The question remains whether we understand the importance of energy sources.2、规则：_e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.（四）宾语从句1、规则：_e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right. We know that force is the action of one body on another. Please answer me when Einstein won the Nobel Prize for physics? 要点1：常用that从句作宾语的动词有say, think, insist, wish, hope, suppose, see, believe, agree, acknowledge, admit, deny, expect, explain, confess, order, command, suspect, dream, suggest, propose, declare, demand, hear, feel, intend, imagine, wonder, know, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, report, urge, doubt, understand, reply等。 要点2: 常跟疑问代词和疑问副词及whether/if引导的从句作宾语的动词有advise, ask, discover, discuss, doubt, find out, imagine, inquire, know, question, show, tell, understand, wonder等。 要点3：如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语，用形式宾语it代替，将从句放在补足语的后面。 如：我听说这个医院是1950年建成的。 _ 要点4：当同时符合下列三个条件时，使用否定前置。1）主语为第一人称。2）动词为think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, guess等动词。3）主句时态为一般现在时。 如：我认为他现在不在阅览室。 _2、规则：_。e.g. Im interested in whether youve finished the work. Im interested in what youve said. 注意：that从句一般不作介词宾语，能跟that从句作宾语的介词有_; _; _; _等。 e.g. Men differ from brutes in that they can speak and think. I would have helped you but that I was ill then.3. 规则：_ e.g. She is confident that she will pass the exam. He is not sure whether his application has been accepted.（五）同位语从句规则：同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：idea; fact; certainty;evidence; news; hop; conclusion; suggestion; order; problem等）之后，说明该名词的_。e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.注意：同位语从句通常由that引导，但有时也可由whether; when; where; how; what; why等引导. e.g. I have no idea when he is leaving. Tom is faced with the problem whether he could continue his work there. 练习：名词性从句1. Do you see _ I mean?A. that B./C. howD. what2. Tell me_ is on your mind.A. thatB. whatC. which D. why3. We must stick to _ we have agreed on.A. whatB. thatC. /D. how4. Let me see _.A. that can I repair the radioB. whether -I can repair the radioC. I can repair the radioD. whether can I repair the radio5. Keep in mind _.A. that the teacher saidB. what did the teacher sayC. that did the teacher sayD. what the teacher said6. Could you advise me _?A. which book should I read firstB. what book should I read firstC. that book 1 should read firstD. which book I should read first7. He was criticized for _.A. he had done itB. what he had done C. what had he done D. that he had done it8. Would you kindly tell me _?A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway StationB. how I can get to the Beijing Railway StationC. where can I get to the Beijing Railway StationD. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _.A. what had she seen in ChinaB. that she had seen in ChinaC. what she had seen in ChinaD. which had she seen in China10. We took it for granted _A. that they were not comingB. that were they not comingC. they were coming notD. were they not coining11. I really dont know _A. I should do nextB. what should I do nextC. what I should do nextD. how I should do next12. Im afraid _.A. the little girl will have to be operated onB. that will the little girl have to operate onC. the little girl will have to operate onD. that will the little girl have to be operated on13. She walked up to _ .A. where did I stand B. where I stood C. I stood there D. where I stood there14. Can you tell me _?A. who is that gentlemanB. that gentleman is whoC. who that gentleman isD. whom .is that gentleman15. Well give you _.A. that do you needB. what do you needC. whatever you needD. whether do you need16. They want us to know _ to help us.A. what can they B. what they canC. how they can D. how can they17. We must put _ into practice.A. what we have learnedB. that we have learnedC. that have we learnedD. what have we learned18. Did she say anything about _?A. that the work was to be doneB. how was the work to be doneC. that was the work to be doneD. how the work was to be done19. He was never satisfied with _.A. what she had achievedB. had what she achievedC. she had achievedD. that she achieved20. These photographs will show you _.A. what does our village look likeB. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look likeD. how our village looks like21. Peter insisted _ he pay the bill.A. on thatB. whatC. thatD. on which22. They urged _ the library open during the vacation. A. whenB. whereC. whyD. that23. We wish we could have learned _ whe