module3 unit1.doc

词汇： confuse, raised, fog, truth, observe, rest, glance, nowhere, footstep, sight, forecast, narrow, approach, darkness, hesitate, grasp, stare, anxious, firmly, grateful, aid, relief, pavement, reduce, sniff, analyze, recognize, puzzle, ignore, sweat, distance, thunder, lightning, triangle, wave, tap, suit, attach, disability, hopeful, whisper, bite, shark, contrary, flesh, jewellery, attract, calm, panic, fist, likely, loose, employ, unlike.短语：glance at, in sight, wish for, reach out, stare up at, watch out for, pay back, be frozen with, be related to, be linked to, make sense, make the most of, cant help (doing), make progress, get across, make great achievements, set off, be likely to, contrary to, roll up, attach to.重点句型：1. Sometimes senses affect one another.2. Your sense of taste will not work as well.3. Even if we have good senses, they can still confuse us.4. The city was already covered in a grey mist.5. Polly left work and step out into the fog.6. She wondered if the buses would still be running.7. Once out in the street, she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop.8. The truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run that far.9. She glanced at the faces around her.10. There was no one in sight.11. Polly set off towards park street.12. She could feel her heart beating with fear.13. A minute before, she had wished for someone to come along.14. A few seconds later, a hand reached out and touched her arm.15. Polly found herself staring up at the face of an old man with a beard.16. Watch out for the step here. 17. It gives me the chance to pay back the help that people give me when its sunny.18. A blind person like me cant get across the road without help, except in a fog like this.19. Contrary to what many people might assume, evidence shows that sharks seldom attack humans.20. The sharks attacks you because it mistakes you for a fish.21. The sharks pushes you with its nose to find out if you are fit to be eaten.22. The last two types of attack more often result in the death of humans.23. Do not wear bright clothing or jewellery because sharks are attracted to the flash of colours and bright objects.24. Dont be frightened by sharks: you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.25. The soldiers are asleep while a guard watches for the enemy.26. He rolls up the paper and puts it into a small case, and then reaches into a cage and gets a bird. 27. Attaching the message to its leg, he sets the bird loose.28. Pigeons have a wonderful sense of direction and can find their way home over long distances.29. That is why pigeons have been used since ancient times to carry the news or even the mail.30. It was in war that they found their greatest use.语法：名词性从句（一）重点讲解:名词性从句和名词一样，在句中可以担任主语、表语、宾语（动词宾语和介词宾语）和同位语。因此我们说名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句必须用陈述句语序,也就是说, (疑问词) + 主语 + 谓语 + 其它.主语从句在复合句中作主语的句子称为主语从句, 从句作主语, 谓语动词用单数；通常由从属连词that, whether, 连接代词who, whose, what, which, whatever（无论什么）, whoever（无论谁）, whichever（无论哪个）或连接副词when, where, why, how等引导。eg.1)* Whether we can reduce the use of energy is important. 2)* That pollution has become a serious problem in parts of the world is known to everyone.3) What is needed is greater safety.4) Whoever breaks the rules must be punished.5)* How life began remains a puzzle to us.6) It is said that paper was first made in China.7) It seems that he is older.8) Its certain that the sports meeting will be delayed.9) It doesnt matter if you have no time to do it.注意：1. 陈述句必须以that 引导, 不能省略。2. 主语从句只能用whether引导，不能用if引导。3. 常用it作形式主语，代替真正的主语从句，但不能代替由what引导的主语从句。4. 常用于It + be + adj. / n. / + that-clauseIts certain / clear / a pity /a fact/ common knowledge/ said / hoped + that / whetherIts natural/ strange/ necessary/ important that (should) 5.It doesnt matter if 是固定句型。6. 句型：It is required/ suggested/ insisted/ ordered that(should)+ do7.that 与what的区别：that在从句中不充当任何成分，没有意思；what在从句中充当主语或宾语，意思是：（所）的宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用的从属句称为宾语从句。1. 作动词的宾语(1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如：I heard that he joined the army.She suggested ( that ) he do it at once.(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：1) She did not know what had happened.2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介词的宾语 e.g. Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. It depends on whether we will go.3. 作形容词的宾语e.g. I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。4. It 可以作为形式宾语It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。e.g. We heard it that she would get married next month. We think it possible that the price will rise.注意：1. 连接词that常可以省略;2. 介词宾语用whether, 不用if;3. find / make / see / hear / feel / think + it + adj. / n. + that 句型中, it 作形式宾语, that引导真正的宾语从句, 不能省;4. 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。 I dont think (that) the film is interesting. I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。5. be sure / certain / glad / afraid / sorry / pleased + that 句型中, that 可以省;6. what is / was the matter /wrong with sb作宾语从句, 不改变语序; Who knows what is the matter / wrong with him?7. 有两个或两个以上宾语从句时, 第二个和第二个以后的从句必须用that引导. She said she was pleased at her victory and that she would work harder.练习：一 单词拼写1. At 10 oclock that morning, the policeman o_ a young man entering the bank.2. The workers all w_ to each other after their boss declared a new rule. 3. She g_ at her watch and left in a hurry. 4. She spoke quietly for f_ of waking the baby up.5. A team of 200 v_ arrived in the disaster-stricken area. 6. The number of the students in the area has been r_.7. The lights suddenly went out, leaving us in d_.8. How can we be sure that shes telling the t_?9. I have no job and n _ to live.10. I f_ believe that we must act at once.1. observed 2. whispered 3. glanced. 4. fear 5. volunteers 6. reduced 7. darkness 8. truth 9. nowhere 10. firmly 二 选词填空glance at, reach out, watch out for, pay back, getacross, in sight, wish for, be frozen with, make sense, make the most of , be related to, cant help1. What problems should I _when buying an old house?2. He _ and his hand touched rough-grained wood.3. When he saw a big bear coming towards him, he _fright.4. The boys were so hungry that on arriving home they ate everything _.5. He is not very good at _ his ideas _. 6. I couldnt have been happier: there was nothing else I could _.7. Fox has written a book about how culture _ art.8. It would _ for the parents to join in this discussion with their children.9. We all _ each other, saying nothing, and walked after him.10. The person told me that he was trying to find every chance to _ the help that people gave him when in trouble.11. Now that we are here, we must _ this opportunity to learn more.12. I _ wondering what happened to that little girl.1. watch out for 2. reached out 3. was frozen with 4. in sight 5. getting across 6. wish for 7. is related to 8. make sense 9. glanced at 10. pay back 11. make the most of 12. cant help单项选择1. See what youve done! Dont you have a _ of right or wrong? A. feeling B. thought C. sense D. knowledge2. Why was the cook fired? Because he was found_ in the kitchen by the boss. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked3. The weather in London is so changeable that people always take their umbrellas with them _ rain. A. for fear B. for fear that C. for fear of D. with fear4. They look worried. Whats the matter? Oh, their little son is _ to be found. A. anywhere B. somewhere C. where D. nowhere5. She _ her watch and left in a hurry. A. glanced at B. stared at C. looked D. glared at6. Recently all the cashiers(出纳员) in banks are asked to _ a kind of fake banknotes named “HD”. A. look out B. be careful C. take care D. watch out for7. Would you please lend me $120? I will _ next month. OK. Here it is. A. pay back you B. pay you backC. pay for you D. pay off you8. Is there any news for the missing boy? Yes, he was observed_ computer games at eight oclock yesterday in a net bar. A. playB. played C. to playD. playing9. In the snowstorm in January, 2008, many of the crops in Hunan were _ to death. A. freeze B. freezing C. frozen D. froze10. Now that you like the house so much, why not buy it? Well, I cant afford_house. A. that a big B. a big that C. a that bigD. that big a11. Most women wish_ a happy family with a healthy child. A. to B. for C. withD. of12. He was_ to win the 100-meter hurdles race, but he fell to the ground and missed the chance. A. possible B. probable C. likely D. maybe13. Great changes have taken place in the city!Yes, our city has developed into a big city, which is _ it used to be. A. four times larger than thatB. four times the size of whatC. four times the size larger than whatD. as four times the size as that14. My teacher was angry with me. You should get up early to_ being late for class again. A. avoid B. leave C. missD. hold15. We are all surprised that Tom has made _ in his studies recently. A. so great progress B. so great a progressC. such great progressD. such a great progress1. 【解析】选C。sense判断力。句意为：看看你做的事！难道你没有判断是非的能力吗？feeling感情; thought 思想; knowledge 知识，均与题意不符。2. 【解析】选B。find sb. doing sth. =sb. be found doing sth. 发现某人在做某事。在find+宾语+宾语补足语结构中，宾语补足语不用动词原形充当，动词-ed形式作宾语补足语表示被动。这里的he和smoke之间为主动关系，故B项符合。答句句意为：因为他在厨房抽烟被老板发现了。3. 【解析】选C。for fear that 后跟从句；而with fear作状语“恐惧地”；for fear of “以免”。4. 【解析】选D。nowhere to be found “哪儿都找不到”。句意为：他们看起来很担忧。怎么回事？哪儿都找不到他们的小儿子。 5. 【解析】选A。句意：她匆匆看了一下表就急忙离开了，glance at“瞥，扫视”；stare at“盯着”；look表示“看”时，要与at连用才可跟宾语；glare at“怒视”。6. 【解析】选D。句意：最近银行内所有出纳员都被要求密切注意一种叫做“HD”的假钞。A、B、C答案中均缺少相应的介词。watch out for sth. 当心/留意某物。7. 【解析】选B。pay sb. back 还钱给某人。you是代词，应放在back前。而pay for sb. “为某人付钱”，pay sb. off“结清账，解雇某人”。8. 【解析】选D。根据时间状语及句意可知，应选择一个表示动作正在进行的选项作主语补足语，故D项符合题意。9. 【解析】选C。be frozen to death“被冻死”，而A、D形式不对；freezing “极冷的”，不符合句意。10. 【解析】选D。that相当于副词so, 表示程度，修饰形容词或副词，但如果在“a(n)+adj. +n. ”这个结构中则用that+adj. +a(n）+n. 的形式。11. 【解析】选B。wish for企盼，盼望。句意：大多数女人都盼望着一个有着健康孩子的幸福家庭。12. 【解析】选C。possible和probable作表语时，主语只能是it或事物而不能是人；maybe为副词，它只能作状语，常常位于句子的开头；likely作表语时，主语可以是人，也可以是物。根据用法，此题选C。13. 【解析】选B。表示“的样子”之意时，用what, 不用that, what在句中作表语；英语倍数的表达结构为：倍数+比较级+than 倍数+the size(length, . . . )of 倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as。此题属于第二种句型结构。14. 【解析】选A。下句句意为：你应该早起避免再次上课迟到。avoid意为“避免”，强调有意去避免，是主观行为；miss也是“避免，逃避”的意思，但不强调主观意识；leave意为“离开”；hold意为“抑制，约束”，不合题意。15. 【解析】选C。progress为不可数名词，故B、D不正确。great progress是由形容词修饰的名词短语，不能用so, 故C正确。语法专练：1. I dont know the reason _ you were absent from the meeting, but I am sure that someone will tell me the reason _ you havent told me.A. why; thatB. that; whyC. because; whichD. of which; that2. He knew the files could be of help to _ took over the job.A. whoeverB. whateverC. whomeverD. whosever3. _China got the second place in the 2004 Olympic Games made the whole nation very excited.A. WheneverB. WhetherC. IfD. That4. An idea occurred to me _ I might turn to my English teacher for help. A. whichB. thatC. whereD. when5. _ was of little importance.A. Whether he passed the examination or notB. No matter he might pass the examinationC. He might pass the examinationD. If he passed the examination6. The thick smog covered the whole city. It was _ a great black blanket had bee