there be的用法.doc

There be句型 There be是表示“某地(或某时)存在有某人(或某物)，而并非某地(某人、某物或某时)拥有什么东西”，其形式为“There be代词或名词(短语)地点/时间状语”。(其实质句式为倒装句)这里there是引导词，没有词义，be是谓语动词，代词或名词(短语)是主语。be要与主语保持人称和数的一致。否定句是在be后加not；一般疑问句是将be放在句首；反意疑问句中的简短问句是由“be(或其否定式)there”构成。例如：1.There is a desk and two chairs in the room.(紧挨着be动词的主语是a desk，是单数，故be的形式要用is)2.There arent two chairs and a desk in the room.(否定句)3.Is there anything wrong with your ears？(Yes，there is/No，there isnt.)4.There wasnt a meeting yesterday，was there？(反意疑问句)除此之外，还有一个重要句式“有某人在做某事”，要用“There besb.doing sth.地点/时间状语”。例如：There are several children swimming in the river.河里有几个孩子在游泳。 不难看出，各种时态的变化是通过be动词的变化来体现的。我们在使用过程中，首要的问题是弄清楚There be与have所表示的意义。There be句型表示“存在”关系，have表示“所属”关系，两者不能混合在一个句子中。例如：我们要说“明天有一个班会。”(1)There will have a class meeting tomorrow.(）(2)There is going to/will be a class meeting tomorrow.()有时候既表示“存在”又表示“所属”时，两种都可以用。例如：Class Three have a map of China on the wall.(地图为三班学生所有。)There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three.(地图存在于三班。)由此看来，There will have是错误的搭配方式。使用There be句型时除了掌握基础知识外，还应注意以下问题：1.There be句型的考查更多的是将be动词与主语结合在一起进行的，即主谓的一致性。例如：(1)There is _ on the floor.(2)There are _ on the floor.选项：A.cat B.water C.boxes D.football解析：(1)由is可知主语应是可数名词单数或不可数名词，而A、D项中都缺少冠词a，故选B，同理可知(2)应选C。2. 如果作主语的是一个短语，则常常考查短语中的修饰语。可数名词的复数形式前可以用any，some，few，a few，many或用数词hundred/thousand/million，hundreds/thousands/millions of，no等修饰；不可数名词可以受any，some，no，little，a little，much等词的修饰。例如：(1)There were_students in our school.A.hundreds B.eight hundredC.eight hundreds of(2)There is _water.You neednt get some more.A.few B.little C.much解析：(1)由数词与名词的搭配关系可知选B，(2)由water可知排除A项，再由后一句意思便知选C。3.注意不定代词的用法。(1)不定代词在句中作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：There is nothing in the fridge.(2)不定代词受形容词修饰时要放在形容词前面。例如：There is something interesting in todays newspaper.4.There be句型的反意疑问句，要注意陈述部分的形式。如果陈述部分含有little，few，no，nobody，none等否定词时，后面的简短问句中要用肯定形式。例如：There is nobody in the room，is there？但有的含有否定意义的形容词修饰不定代词时则仍看做肯定句式。例如：There is something unusual in the room，isnt there？5.要注意句子前后意思的一致性。有的句子单独看其意义时，可能不止一个选项适合于它，但如果联系上下句的意思则只能有一个恰当的选项。例如：(1)There is _ food.You neednt buy any.A.any B.some C.no(2) There is _ food.You have to buy some.A.any B.some C.no从这两题中的第一个句子来看均可选用some和no，但与后面的句意结合看，答案则是唯一的：(1)B；(2)C。6.There be句型还有就近一致原则：即be动词的数应与离它最近的一个主语保持一致。例如：用be动词的适当形式填空(1)There _ an apple and three oranges on the table.(2)_ there three oranges and an apple on the table?解析：(1)因为该句中an apple才是与be动词接近的主语，而并非an apple and three oranges是句子的主语，故而(1)的答案应为is。(2)因为该句中three oranges才是与be动词接近的主语，而并非three oranges and an apple是句子的主语，故而(2)的答案应为Are。There be句型命题趋向有两个方面：一是进一步加强对知识的理解与运用方面的考查。例如be动词与主语的一致性、名词或代词的修饰语、搭配关系、含否定词的反意疑问句等。二是有可能出现“有某人在做某事”这一句型，即“There besb.doing sth.地点/时间状语”。另外，还得提醒一下同学们，如果要表达诸如“这里/那里(挺漂亮)等”这样的修饰句型，应用“Its here/there.”而不是“Here/there is”。中考原题1.Oh，there isnt enough _ for us in the lift.It doesnt matter，lets wait for the next.A.ground B.floor C.place D.room2.There _ an English Evening next Tuesday.A.was B.will beC.will have D.are going to be3.There _ a football game in our school.A.has B.will have C.will be4.There is going to _ a report _ Chinese history in our school this evening.A.have；on B.be；onC.have；for D.be；of5.There is _ food here.Well have to buy some.A.any B.some C.no6.There are _ days in a week.A.the seven B.seventhC.the seventh D.seven7.There are few _ in the fridge.Lets go and buy some peas，carrots and cabbages.A.vegetables B.fruitC.meat D.eggs8.Look！There are some _ on the floor.A.child B.water C.boxes D.girl9.There were two _ people at yesterdays meeting.A.hundreds B.hundreds ofC.hundred10.The letter from my uncle was short.There wasnt _ news.A.many B.a fewC.much D.few参考答案15 D B C B C610 D A结构There be + sth + 地点状语There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。 There is some money in the purse. 钱包里有些钱。There be + no + n. + in doing sth1.其中名词为表“利弊”、“用途”的抽象名词，如： There is no good in going. 去没有什么好处。 There is no harm in doing that. 那样做并无害处。 2.其中名词为表“价值”、“意义”的抽象名词，如： There is no sense in waiting here. 在这里等候下去毫无意义。 There is no disgrace in failing once. 一旦失败也不丢脸。 （注：此结构中的介词可以省略，如：There is no use asking hershe doesnt know anything.）There is + no + doing something1.其中的动词（do）多为“转述”或“认知”等意义的动词，如：tell, say, know等，其后一般跟疑问句，如when，what等。 There is no saying what may happen. 很难说会发生什么事。 There is no telling when he will return. 说不清他何时回来。 There is no knowing when we shall meet again. 不知何时我们能再相会。 2.其他动词，其意义相当灵活。 There is no mistaking what ought to be done. 应该做什么是清楚的。 There is no denying the fact. 事实无可否认。 There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史的车轮不能倒转。 There is no getting along with him. 他很难相处。 Once she starts talking, there is no stopping her. 一旦她打开话匣子，就说个没完。 There is no joking with him. 和他不能开玩笑。There is + no + Action Noun1.此结构的含义相当于Its impossible /unnecessary to do something。 There is no hurry about it. 没有必要这么急匆匆的。 There is no question of his honesty. 他的诚实是勿庸置疑的。 2.有时，在此结构中的Action Noun被动名词形式所取代，其意义不变。： There is no escape from the evident. There is no escaping the fact. 两句都表示：无法逃（躲）避 但是，有时也存在意义上的区别， A.There is no doubt at all about it. B.There is no doubting her virtue. 句A为“存在句”，意即：对于此事不存在任何的疑问。 句B则是不表“存在”的一种惯用结构，意即：她的贞操勿庸置疑。 3.以上三种结构除用于陈述句外，尚可见于疑问句。如： Is there any use in discussing the matter further? 这种事再讨论下去有何益处？ Is there any hurry about it? 这事需要匆忙吗？ 此惯用结构中的be有时可与情态动词连用，其语气更趋委婉。如： There could be no mistaking where he had come from. 他从哪里来是相当清楚的。 此结构中的no也不是一成不变的，它可被其他形式所取代。如： There isnt any getting away from it. 要从它那里逃脱是不可能的。 There was never believing half of what he said. 他的话连一半也不信。 Theres never any predicting what they will do next. 无法料及他们下一步将会干什么There be结构中的be动词的确定1. there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,是复数时用are。如: There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。 There is some money in the purse. 钱包里有些钱。 2. 若句子中有几个并列的主语时,be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。如: There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. 房子里有一个男孩,一个女孩和两个妇女。 There are ten students and a teacher in the office. 办公室里有十个学生和一个教师。 3. 另外,在陈述句中为了强调地点,也可将介词短语提置句首。如: In the tree there are five birds. 树上有五只鸟。There be 结构的句型转换否定句there be的否定式通常在be后加not构成(在口语中be时常与not缩写在一起)。如果句中有some,一般要变成any。如: There are some children in the picture. There arent any children in the picture.一般疑问句及其答语把be提到there前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可。其肯定答语是Yes, there is / are;否定答语为No, there isnt / arent。如: Are there two cats in the tree? Yes, there are. (No, there arent.)特殊疑问句及其回答提问句子的主语(包括主语前的修饰语)时,句型一律用what is + 地点介词短语?(无论主语是单数还是复数都用is)。如: There are some birds in the tree. Whats in the tree? 就there be后面的地点状语进行提问时,句型用where is / are + 主语?如: There is a car in the street. Where is the car? 提问可数名词(主语)前的数量时,用how many,句型结构为how many +复数名词 + are there + 其它?(主语无论是单数还是复数,be通常要用are)。 注意当there be后面的名词时单数或不可数名词时be用is，当后面是可数名词复数时，be用are。 “there be.”句型是存在句的常用基本结构，there在句中处于主语位置，起形式主语的作用，真正的主语是随后的名词词组。其谓语动词通常是be的各种时、体等形式。如： There is ice on the lake. 湖上有冰。 There were three students in the classroom then. 当时教室有三个学生。 There has never been anybody like you. 从来还没有像你这样的人。 There will be snow on high ground.在高地上将会有雪。 除此之外, there be句型还有一些特殊的结构： 1. there + 情态助动词 + be表示 “预见”、“可能”、“必然”或“过去习惯存在”等。如： There might be some desserts if you wait a bit. 如果你等一会儿，可能会有甜点。 There ought to have been someone on duty all the time. 本来应该有人全天值班。 There shall be no more wars. 再也不会打仗了。 也可以用there + 某些半助动词 + be(很少使用完成体形式)，如：be going to, be certain to, be sure to, be likely to, have to be等。 There is going to be a rain. 要下雨了。 Theres likely to be an interview.可能会有一场面试。 There has to be a mistake. 必定有错。 2. 在正式文体中，某些表示存在、发生、出现、坐落等意义的不及物动词也可以与there连用，如：appear, seem, come, remain, exist, live, stand, lie, arise, enter, follow, occur, rise, grow, happen, belong, arrive, fly, flash, sail, pass, run, spring up, emerge等。如： There exist many ancient temples in the country. 那个国家有很多古老的寺庙。 There lies a small village in the mountain.山里有个小村子。 Once upon a time, there lived an old queer man in the city. 从前，城里住着个怪老头。 There remains nothing more to be done. 没有什么别的事可做了。 There followed the first world war. 接着就是第一次世界大战。 There flashed through his mind the image of a heroic fighter.他的头脑中闪过英雄战士的形象。 There sprang up a wild gale.突然刮起一阵狂风。 偶尔也能见到there后接及物动词： There struck me a sudden idea. 突然我有了一个主意。 如果句中的地点状语前移就可以省略there。 如： Behind the house (there) is a small river. 3. there + 不定式to be 或there + being形式，称为非限定存在句，可以作主语、宾语、介词补足成分。 1) 作主语 There being a railway station in the town is a great advantage. 镇上有个火车站，真方便呀！ “there to be+NP”作主语时，通常用for作引导词: For there to be a mistake in a computers arithmetic is imp