英语专八作文考试秘籍.ppt

1 专八作文应试秘籍 学号061222232430 2 一考试大纲 新变化 时间 45分钟 字数 400单词 一 考试概述 3 二 作文评分 1 评分标准 内容 content 结构 organization 语言 language 2 评分方法 整体评分法 globalscoring 5 三 命题分析 1 命题组成提供文章相关的背景和提示 给出题目或要求学生根据相关的背景和提示自拟题目 以2008年真题为例 Inafewmonths timeyouaregoingtograduatefromuniversity Howdoyouthinkyourcollegeyearshavepreparedyouforyourfuturelife Writeanessayofabout400wordsonthefollowingtopic 对文章结构提出要求 包括在引言部分点题 在正文部分用相关细节论述 在结尾部分做自然概括 Inthefirstpartofyouressayyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainargument andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary 说明评分标准 Markswillbeawardedforcontent organizations grammarandappropriateness Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks 6 2 命题范围 2009年 Aredialectsjustasacceptableinpublicplaces 2008年 WhatIhavelearnedfromyearsatuniversity2007年 自拟 谈谈贫富差距是否影响友谊 2006年 OnAmbition2005年 自拟 谈谈你对面试的看法 2004年 ShouldUniversityStudentsGoinforBusiness 2003年 自拟 与以前时代的人相比 讨论当今中国的年轻人是否更以自我为中心 缺乏同情心 2002年 TheMostImportantPersonalityofaUniversityStudent2001年 补充题目TheImpactoftheInterneton 2000年 EducationasaLifelongProcess1999年 CompetitionorCooperation1998年 OneMajorProblemintheProcessofUrbanization1997年 SowingtheSeeds NurturingGrowthandHarvestingtheRewards1996年 InSupportofDormitoryPolicy 7 3 命题范围 社会热点问题包括就业 环境 能源 媒体 交通 婚姻 伪劣商品 犯罪等 学校生活学习方法 课堂活动 体育 人际关系 讲座 军训等 科技电脑 克隆 空间科学 交通工具 海洋资源 能源利用等 个人兴趣业余爱好 生活方式 时尚 旅行等 青少年问题代沟 吸烟 理想 职业 减负等 8 四 写作步骤及时间分配 1 Pre writing 高效审题目前专八写作项目形成自己的特色 这个特色就是项目内的几个部分 观点 情景 标题 写作要求 具有内在的联系 从而构成一个整体 因此审题就意味着不仅仅是浏览一个标题 而是还要兼顾其他部分 只有这样才能明确写作的目的 领会写作的要求 专八写作题目解析 2011真题 Accordingtoarecentnewspaper manyfamoussitesofhistoricalinterestinChinahavebegunorareconsideringtouristshigherentryfeesduringpeaktravelseasons Thishasarousedalotofpublicattentionandalsopublicdebate Whatisyouropinion ShouldfamousChinesesitesofhistoricalinterestchargehigherfeesduringpeaktravelseasons Writeanessayofabout400words Youshouldsupplyanappropriatetitleforyouressay 2010年真题 2009年真题 2008年真题 Inafewmonths timeyouaregoingtograduatefromuniversity Howdoyouthinkyourcollegeyearshavepreparedyouforyourfuturelife Writeanessayofabout400wordsonthefollowingtopic WhatIHaveLearnedfromMyYearsatUniversity 2007年真题 Somepeoplethinkthatfinancialdisparityaffectsfriendship Whatdoyouthink Writeanessayofabout400words 2006年真题 JosephEpstein afamousAmericanwriter oncesaid Wedecidewhatisimportantandwhatistrivialinlife Wedecide so thatwhatmakesussignificantiseitherwhatwedoorwhatwerefusetodo Butnomatterhowdifferenttheuniversemaybetoourchoicesanddecisions thesechoicesanddecisionsareourstomake Wedecide Wechoose Andaswedecideandchoose soareourlivesformed Intheend formingourowndestinyiswhatambitionisabout Doyouagreeordisagreewithhim Writeanessayofabout400wordsentitled OnAmbition 专八写作任务类型 议论文和说明文为主 第一类 是否同意某一观点 第二类 两个观点选择一个 第三类 解释事物或现象的因或果 第四类 就某问题或现象提出建议 17 列好作文提纲 TopicoutlineTitle TheAdvantagesofTakingaPart timeJob1 Introduction Therearemanyadvantagesoftakingapart timejobforcollegestudents Thesisstatement 2 Theadvantagesoftakingapart timejobA BeingeconomicallyindependentB HavingmoresocialexperienceC Beinghelpfultotheiracademicstudies3 Conclusion Beingbeneficialtothecollegestudents 18 SentenceOutlineTitle TheAdvantagesofTakingaPart timeJobIntroduction Therearemanyadvantagesoftakingapart timejobforcollegestudents Thesisstatement 2 Takingapart timejobcandocollegestudentsalotgood A Collegestudentscanbeeconomicallyindependentbytakingapart timejob B Collegestudentscangainmoresocialexperiencebytakingapart timejob C Collegestudentscanimprovetheiracademicstudiesbytakingapart timejob 3 Conclusion Takingapart timejobisbeneficialtothecollegestudents 19 aroughoutline 简易提纲 Example Thesisstatement Goingtocollegeisexpensive TuitionandotherfeesBooksandsuppliesTransportationcosts 20 2 wrinting 开头写好引言段引言段功能 基本 引出文章话题 topic 基本 表明文章目的 说明文 或观点 议论文 进阶 暗示文章结构高级 激发读者兴趣 21 引言段第一部分 吸引兴趣 1数字Everydaymillionsofjob huntersintheworldwritelettersofapplicationwishingthattheywouldbegivenachanceofinterview 数字使人感到不是在空谈 能给人真实可信的感觉 在实际考试时数字可以适当夸张以达到出人意料的效果 22 2问题WhyhaveIchosentoattendcollege Isthefour yearacademiclifeworthwhile Afterponderingthesequestionsonmanyoccasions IhavefinallyreachedtheconclusionthatcollegeeducationissomethingItrulywanttodoanditisworthwhile 在文章开始向读者提问 读者回答问题时便是在阅读我们的文章 通常问题是设问句 问题答案即是文章的话题 注意问题不能太傻 也不能太多 最多不超过三个 3引语 Successcomesnotonlyfromperspirationandinspiration butalsofromsatisfactoryperformanceininterviews commentedDr Kenlyinhisbook 引用名人名言或者专家的话或者谚语等 可以是与中心思想相一致的 也可以是具有争议的 都可以吸引读者眼球 引言段第二部分 引出话题 1开门见山Nowadaysinterviewisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantinrecruitment 从基本功能出发 引言段可以直接表明文章的主题 这种方法虽然简单 但容易显得唐突 而且使文章内容显得单薄 使作者思想显得贫乏 所以要慎用 2收网 WiththedevelopmentofmarketeconomyinChina moreandmorecompanieshavecomeintobeing Whentheyneedtotakeupmorepeople employersusuallyselectthroughinterviews Similarly whenpeopleneedtofindajob theyalsoneedtoperformwellininterviews Therefore interviewisbecomingincreasinglyimportantinthemodernsociety 这种方法通常由一个宽泛的 读者认同的事实开始 逐步把读者的注意力引向文章要讨论的话题 前面的开头相当于铺垫 给读者一种自然而然的感觉 使用这种方式的关键是网要撒得宽 收网不能太快 否则显得突兀 也不能拖泥带水 否则文章会有跑题的危险 建议最多用三句话收网 3驳论 ManyofusmayagreethatChinaisasocietyrelyingheavilyonguanxi orrelationship Wemayallhavetheexperienceofhavingtoresorttocertainrelationshipinordertogetsomethingdone tofindagoodjob forexample Butwiththedevelopmentofmarketeconomy recruitmentsconductedmoreandmoreonthebasisofinterviewratherthanonvariouspersonalconnections 先说出一种与本文观点相反但读者可能会认同的观点 然后话锋一转 指出这种观点是错误的 并亮出自己的观点 在这种方式中 要用好转折衔接手段 给读者留下良好的第一印象 4其他 可以采取讲故事的方式 但相对来讲不如前三种简洁高效 有些考生喜欢直接引用题目中的提示部分 以确保紧扣主题 但这样可能得不偿失 因为沿用题目内容不但有投机之嫌 或者阅卷老师认为考生独立写作水平有限 而且会有不少考生使用这种开头方式 也使作文有千篇一律之感 所以这种方式也不推荐 例如 Nowadaysinterviewisfrequentlyusedbyemployersasameanstorecruitprospectiveemployees Asaresult therehavebeenmanyargumentsfororagainstitasaselectionprocedure Somepeopleregarditasagoodwaytoselectemployeeswithinashorttimewhileothersthinkitisnotpropertodecideonapersonjustbyinterview Bothofthemhavesometruth 引言段第三部分 提出观点 暗示结构 这个部分必须有两方面内容 一是文章的话题 二是作者的观点或看法 与此相对应 thesisstatement也可分成两部分 一是topic 一是controllingidea 例如 1 Ibelievethatinterviewisverybeneficial 2 Obviously interviewhasbeencrucialtoensurethequalityofemployees 3 Inmyopinion interviewhasbecomeveryimportantforbothemployeesandemployers 30 2 写好文章正文部分Thebody 正文段功能 用一定的细节来支持引言段中提出的中心思想 正文段是文章中最重要部分 其质量直接决定文章的论述质量 题目中要求提供细节 但实际写作时 正文段并不是直接提供细节 而是先将论据划分为三个方面 每个方面包含一个要点 再提供细节证明这些要点 而这些要点结合起来即可证明中心观点 主题句 写好主题句对正文段的成功至关重要 主题句与中心思想句相似 由两部分构成 subject focus 好的主题句要有limitedsubject 主题范围适度 和sharpfocus 中心内容突出 例如 Ibelievethatinterviewcanbeverybeneficial Interviewprovidescrucialinformationforbothpartiesinvolved Interviewoffersabroadselectionforbothinterviewersandinterviewees Interviewembodiesanimportantprincipleofthemodernsociety fairness 主题句的顺序 1按照重要性 既可使用由轻到重的升序 也可以采用由重到轻的降序 总的来说 中国模式更倾向于前者 把最重要的放最后 而欧美思维方式更倾向于后者 最重要的放在最前面 2按所涉及的话题 有时候两三个主题句之间很难分出孰轻孰重 就只要分别把这些主题句拓展充分就可以了 比如中心思想句为Interviewisbeneficialbothtotheemployersandtoemployees 那正文部分就分两段 分别探讨对招聘方和求职方各自的好处即可 正文段写法小结 正文段应该以主题句开始 而不是细节句 主题句的subject应与全文的保持一致 以确保文章不跑题和全文内容的连贯性 主题句合在一起应该能支持全文的中心思想句 正文段除主题句以外的支持句应该分组 每组对应一个论据 不能出现不想关联的句子 正文段的内容要按照合理顺序安排 以保证文章的通顺 35 TransitionalExpressions Toshowaddition again and also besides equallyimportant first second etc further furthermore inaddition inthefirstplace lastbutnotleastTogiveexamples forexample forinstance infact specifically thatis toillustrate asanillustration inotherwords suchas namelymoreover next too moreimportantly 36 TransitionalExpressions Tocompare also inthesamemanner likewise similarlyTocontrast although andyet atthesametime but despite eventhough however incontrast inspiteof nevertheless onthecontrary ontheotherhand still though yet 37 TransitionalExpressions Tosummarizeorconclude allinall inconclusion inotherwords inshort insummary onthewhole thatis therefore tosumupToshowtime after afterward as aslongas assoonas atlast before during earlier finally formerly immediately later meanwhile next since shortly subsequently then thereafter until when while 38 TransitionalExpressions Toshowplaceordirection above below beyond close elsewhere fartheron here nearby opposite totheleft north etc Toindicatelogicalrelationship toshowcauseandeffect accordingly asaresult because consequently forthisreason hence if otherwise since so then therefore thus 39 写好结尾部分 结尾部分应该写得简洁明确 发人深省 突出强调文章的主旨 避免在结尾部分提出新的未加说明或论证的主题 40 1 复述式 However inmyopinion Iwouldratherplaceconfidenceinthefirstplace Butwhy Tosumup Iwanttosay beingconfidentisnotaclich butanongoingtaskforeverypotentialwinner 2002TheMostImportantPersonalQualityofaUniversitystudent 41 2003 Love andThenBeLovedWiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology remarkablechangeshavetakenplaceinourlife Somechangesaregoodwhileothersarenot Oneoftheseunwelcomechangesisthatindividualismhascometobeacceptedamongyoungpeople Youngpeopletodayareingeneralmoreself centeredandunsympatheticthanoldergenerationsalthoughmanyyoungpeopledon tseethisway 实事描述法引出话题 提出自己的观点 即论点句 That swayIdrawsuchaconclusionthatyoungpeopletodayaremoreself centeredandunsympatheticthanoldergenerations It snecessaryforusyoungpeopletolearnfromthem loveandthenbeloved Afterall individualismcanonlybepermittedwithoutthesacrificeofothers 重述观点并提出建议 42 2 展望式 Livinginthesuburbsisbecomingapredominantpattern andwiththeimprovementoftrafficandtheperfectionofservices itwillprovetoholdgreatsuperiorityovercitylife WhydoIChoosetoLiveItheSuburbs 43 3 建议式 Generallyspeaking thedisadvantagesofprivatetutoringoverweightheadvantages Therefore greateremphasisshouldbelaidonclassroomteachingandpractice ontheimprovementofteachingqualityandonthetappingofthepupil spotentialities Onlyinthiswaycananewgenerationbehealthilybroughtup 提出建议 TheAdvantagesandDisadvantagesofPrivateTutoring 44 4 警示式 Ifwedon teaseourschoolchildren sburdennow justimaginewhatwouldbecomeofourchildreninafewyears theireyesshort sighted theirbackshunched theyarenothingbutbookworms 指出后果 Therefore easingourchildren sburdenisnotonlyanecessity butamust EaseBurdenofOurSchoolChildren 45 Someproblemsinwritingaconclusion 1 ShoutemptyslogansDoitnow Noelectricity nopower noworld nofuture nohumanbeings 2 Showone sdeterminationI mdeterminedtoovercomeanydifficultiesandstudyEnglishbetterinthefuture Imustdomybesttomakeourcitygreener GiveasimplesummarySo Ithinkthatmakingourcitygreenerisveryimportant Therefore noelectricityshouldbewasted 46 用地道语言写地道作文1 选择词化度高的表达方式词化是指一个短语或句子在使用过程中逐渐凝固成一个词或词项 如 enjoy 一词 所表达的意义是 享受 的乐趣 这种用一个词表达一个短语的含义的表达法叫做综合型表达法 相反 对于同一个概念 若用短语来表达则是分析性表达法 综合性表达法就是词化了的表达法 比较英汉两种语言 我们发现 汉语多分析性表达 而英语多综合性表达 这主要与英语中大量的派生词 转类词和单纯词有关 47 1 Thisopportunitymakesmesharetheirexperienceandknowledge 改进 Thisopportunityallowsmetosharetheirexperienceandknowledge 2 Allthefactsmakemeconcludethatmoneydoesn tmeaneverything 改进 Allthefactsleadmetoconcludethatmoneydoesn tmean 48 2 用非人称主语句扮靓语言 变人称主语句为非人称主语句的策略通常有以下几种 1 选用无生命事物做主语 例如 Thefortyyears 1840 80 broughtalmosttenmillionmigrantstoAmerica Thethickcarpetkilledthesoundofmyfootsteps Beijinghaswitnessedmanygreathistoricalevents 49 2 用 it 做形式主语ItisnotourviewthatthesubstanceorthetoneofhisremarksthismorningwillcontributetocreatingalastingpeaceintheMiddleEast 3 使用被动语态Notonlypolitenessbutanattitudeofreverenceisdemandedinchurch Careshouldbetakentoseethattheletterisproperlyaddressed 4 用名词化做主语Thedoctor sextremelyquickarrivalanduncommonlycarefulexaminationofthepatientbroughtabouthisveryspeedyrecovery Acarefulcomparisonbetweenlivinginthecountrysideandlivinginthecitywillshowthesuperiorityoftheformeroverthelater 50 Post Writing检查 检查标题 所有字母全部大写 如 COMPETITIONORCO OPERATION 标题第一个单词的首字母需大写 其后的单词实词大写 虚词不大写 如 InSupportofDormitoryPolicy 检查introduction有没有ThesisStatement Body中的每一个段是否有TopicSentence 文章是否统一 连贯 检查单词拼写 固定搭配 句型等 51 第三部分 专八作文结构分析 比较性说明文 Comparison and Contrastessay 1 整体比 blockpattern 先叙述事物A的全部特点A1A2A3 然后再叙述事物B的特点B1B2B32 交叉比 point by pointpattern 如 Explainwhatyoufeelarethemaindifferencesbetweenhighschoolandcollege 52 BlockPattern Introduction ThesisStatement Ihaveattendedbothhighschoolandcollege and feelqualifiedtopointoutthemajordifferencesbetweenthem BodySubjectOne highschoolrulesandregulationsscheduleandcourseselectionteachingtechniquesSubjectTwo collegerulesandregulationsscheduleandcourseselectionteachingtechniquesConclusion Statethewriter spreference 53 Point by pointPattern IntroductionThesisStatement Ihaveattendedbothhighschoolandcollege and feelqualifiedtopointoutthemajordifferencesbetweenthem BodyPointOne rulesandregulationsHighschoolCollegePointTwo scheduleandcourseselectionhighschoolcollegePointThree teachingtechniqueshighschoolcollegeConclusion 54 二 阐述性说明文 DeductiveEssay Introduction StatethePhenomenonandgivethethesisstatementBody Analyzethesignificance ornegativeconsequence Point1Point11Conclusion Suggestionsorwarnings 55 OnAmbition 2006年真题 Ambitionisthedecisiononemakesandtheresolutionwithwhichhecarriesoutthatdecision Itprovidesuswiththerequireddrivingforcetoaccomplishanyundertakingsinourlife JustasJosephEpstein afamousAmericanwriterputit Andaswedecideandchoose soareourlivesformed Indeed oncewemakeupourmindstochoosetodosomething thenourlifebecomesmeaningfulandspecificallyorientated Thisnotionoflife asfarasIobserve isclosesttotruthanddoesapplytoalmostallaspectsoflife Firstthingsfirst ambitionrendersusasenseofmission Nomatterwhatdecisionyoumakeyouhavetoberesponsibleforyourchoice Yourchoiceprocuresyouasenseoforientation ormorespeciallyasenseofmission Andonlyastrongmissionmayenableonetoaccomplishgreatness CaesaroftheancientRomanEmpirewasurgedbyhisambition Icame Isaw Iconquered andbecameanunrivaledempirebuilderinthehistoryofRome JohnMilton stimulatedalwaysbyhisambitionthataimedatwritingsome mightylines whichEnglandwouldunwillinglyforget hadinduetimesecuredhispositionasthesecondShakespeareinthehistoryofEnglishliterature 56 Inthesecondplace ambitioncanbringone spotentialstothefull Ambitionmaywellserveasacatalystactivatingone sdormantpotentials Withoutambitionone spotentialswillremainslumberinglikeadormantvolcano AcaseinpointisMsZhangHaidi aChineseHelenKeller ItwasherambitiontobeausefulpersonhasturnedthealmostparalyzedZhangHaidiintoawell accomplishedfigurewhoseachievementswoulddwarfthoseofsomenormalpeopleaimatthesun though atworst theymayprobablylandonthemoon Influentialasitisuponus however ambitionmustbechanneledintherightdirection Ifwronglydirected one sambitionmaybringhavoconhimandothers Hitler whoseambitionwastoconquerEuropebywhateverevilmeans finallyturnedhimintoademon ItwasthisdemonthatalmostcastEuropeintoanunfathomableabyssofanguishandsuffering AnothercaseisMacbethwhoseambitionwastobecomethekingofScotland However hisambitionwasmaterializedbythemurderofKingDuncan Consequently unbearableguiltandpsychologicalagonydrovehimtohistragicdoom 57 Tosumup ambitioncanbenefitustremendouslyifwiselyandcorrectlychanneled otherwiseitmayruinothersandourselves Apoetsays lifecanbebad lifecanbegood lifecanbedirty lifecanbesad lifecanevenbepainful Inmymind seye apersoncanmakehislifebeautiful meaningfulandrewardingandstandoutasarespectablepersonageifheismotivatedbyawell orientatedambition 58 三 解释性说明文 Cause and EffectEssay 1 解释原因的基本结构Introduction StatetheproblemGivethethesisstatementBody AnalyzeitscausesCause1Cause11Conclusion Suggestionsorsignificance 59 2 分析影响的基本结构 Introduction StatetheproblemGivethethesisstatementBody AnalyzeitseffectsEffect1Effect11Effect111Conclusion Suggestionsorsignificance 60 如 讨论最近几年离婚率急剧上升的原因 Introduction Problem InrecentyearsthedivorcerateinChinahasincreaseddrastically Thesis Therearemanyreasonsfortheriseinthedivorcerateintherecentyears Body Cause1 Thetraditionalattitudetowardsdivorcehaschanged internalreason CauseII Thenew butlessstrictlawsmakeiteasyforpeopletogetadivorce externalreason Conclusion Suggestions 61 Notes 1 避免武断的观点Violenceontelevisionisthecauseoftoday sgrowingcriminalviolence maybe isacontributingfactor isoneofthereasons or isamajorcause 2 Avoidoversimplificationofcauses 内在和外在原因 主观和客观原因 2001 TheImpactoftheInternetonEducationIntroduction 互联网对教育影响最大 Body Effect1 互联网是对传统教育的一次革命 Effect11 互联网是一个很方便的信息源 Effect111 互联网教育很经济 既省钱又省时 Conclusion 再一次重申互联网对教育影响最大 62 四 议论文 argumentation 一 写好文章开头1 论点明确Iknowcooperationisveryimportant butatthesametimeIal