初中非谓语动词知识点.doc

非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的各种形式1.不定式 to do (具有名词、副词和形容词的作用，可在句中作主语、定语、表语、宾语、补足语和状语)。2.现在分词doing,具有副词和形容词的作用，可在句中作定语、表语、状语和补足语。3.过去分词done，具有副词和形容词的作用，可在句中作定语、表语、补足语和状语。4.动名词doing,具有名词的作用，可在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。二、非谓语动词作宾语1.不定式作宾语常接不定式作宾语的动词有：afford askagree choosedecide expectfail hopemanage offer prepare pretendplan promiserefuse wantwish help2.动名词作宾语enjoy finishkeep mindmiss practisesuggest avoidallow consideradvise imaginelook forward to3.不定式与动名词作宾语的区别1)remember doing sth remember to do sth I remembered_the lights when I left the room.(to turn off,turning off)Remember _the lights when you leave the room.(to turn off,turning off)2)forget doing sth forget to do sth I have forgotten _the flowers.(to water,watering)I have forgotten _my homework.(to do ;doing)3)try doing sth try to do sthLets try_at the back door.(knocking ;to knock)Well try _ our teaching methods.(to improv;improving) 4)go on doing sthgo on to do sth Get the children to go on _stories one by one.(to tell ,telling)After he had finished his maths ,he went on _(to do ,doing)his physics.5)regret to do sth regret doing sth I regret _you that I cannot come.( to tell ,telling)I really regret _his lecture.(to miss ,missing)6)mean to do sth 打算做某事mean doing sth意味着做某事I mean _ some bread ,but I forgot.(to buy ,buying)Wasting time means _life.(to kill ,killing)三、非谓语动词作补足语 1.不定式作补足语1）有些动词后面用带to的不定式作补足语I tell him not to go there by bus.类似动词有：ask ,advise,allow ,beg ,encourage,expect ,get ,invite ,order ,tell ,want ,warn ,wish 等。2）不定式在感官动词、使役动词后作宾语补足语时，省略to.若句子变成被动语态，不定式成为主语补足语，泽不定式符号to要保留（let除外）。help后用带to或不带to的不定式作宾语补足语均可。The boss makes them _work 16hours a day .(to work ,work)They are made _(to work ,work) 16 hours a day .I heard her_(to sing ,sing)in the next room .She was heard _(sing,to sing)in the next room by me.感官动词使役动词：feel ,hear ,listento;let ,make ,have,see ,watch ,notice ,look at.2.不定式与现在分词做宾语补足语的区别：不定式作宾语补足语表示动作的全过程或经常性发生；现在分词作宾语补足语则表示动作正在进行。I saw her_across the road.(pass,passing)我看见她穿过了马路。I saw her _across the road.(pass,passing)我看见她正在穿过马路。When he arrived at the office ,he found all the works( work;working).四、非谓语动词的固定用法1.would rather do sth,than do sth .意为“宁愿做而不愿做”2.prefer to do rather than do或prefer doingto doing为固定用法，意为“宁愿做而不愿做”。3.why do 或why not do表示建议或责问。4.feel like doing sth .表示“想要做某事”。He preferred to stay at home ra