动词误用典型例子 Microsoft Word 文档.doc

1.下星期一我们接下去读第五课。 误We will go on reading Lesson Five next Monday. 正We will go on to read Lesson Five next Monday. 析go on doing表示延续性的动作，继续干同一件未完成的事。而go on to do表示接下去干另一件事。 2.花园需要浇水了。 误The garden needs being watered. 正The garden needs watering. 正The garden needs to be watered. 析need，require和want之后可接动名词的主动语态，表达被动的意思，也可接动词不定式的被动语态来表达同样的意思。 3.老师要求学生们上课不要迟到。 误The teacher demanded his students not to be late for class. 正The teacher required his students not to be late for class. 析demand和require均作“要求”解，但demand后不能带“sb.+不定式”的复合宾语结构，而require或ask则可以。 4.医生劝他戒烟，但他不听。 误The doctor persuaded him to give up smoking,but he wouldnt listen to him. 正The doctor advised him to give up smoking,but he wouldnt listen to him. 析两词虽都可解作“劝告”，但persuade强调“劝说成功”，即“说服”；advise则不涉及成功与否。误句用persuade与后半句矛盾。 5.我羡慕他有一座漂亮的房子。 误I admire that he has a beautiful house. 正I admire his beautiful house. 正I admire him for his beautiful house. 析admire后只能跟名（代）词或名词词组作其宾语，不能接that引导的宾语从句。 6.你认识站在门口的那个人吗？ 误Do you recognize the man standing at the gate? 正Do you know the mall standing at the gate? 析recognize是“认出”的意思，表示对曾经见过或听过的人或事物辨认出来；而know才是“认识”的意思。 7.小偷逃跑时被警察抓住了。 误The police seized the thief as he ran. 正The police caught the thief as he ran. 析catch意为“设法抓住、捉住”，主要指抓住活动中的人或物；seize是“突然用力抓住不使逃脱”，即抓住静态中的人或物。 8.大家热烈祝贺他的成功。 误All warmly congratulated his success. 正Allwarmly congratulated him on his success. 析congratulate表示祝贺，其宾语是受到祝贺的人，不是所祝贺的事。“为某事祝贺某人”通常用“congratulate sb.on(upon)(doing)sth.”这个结构。 9.我希望你们下周来参加我的生日聚会。 误I hope you to come to my birthday party next week. 正I hope you will come to my birthday party next week. 析动词hope可直接跟不定式或从句作宾语，但不能跟不定式的复合结构。 10.买彩电花了他们1500元。 误It spent them 1,500 yuan to buy the colour TV set. 正The colour TV set cost them l，500 yuan. 正It took them 1,500 yuan to buy the colour TV set. 正They spent 1,500 yuan on the colour TV set. 正They paid 1,500 yuan for the colour TV set. 析spend，pay,cost和take四词均有“花费（钱）”的意思，spend和pay的主语应是人，分别使用spend some money on sth.和pay some money for sth.结构；cost和take的主语应是物，并常用Itcosts/takes sb.some money to do sth.结构。 11.英吉利海峡把英国和法国分开了。 误The English Channel divides England from France. 正The English Channel separates England from France. 析divide意为把原来为整体的划分成若干份，而separate则指把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开。 12.我们应该努力学习以便将来更好地为国家服务。 误We should study hard so that we will serve for our eountry better. 正We should study hard so that we will serve our country better. 析serve作“为服务”解时是及物动词，其后要直接跟宾语。 13.母亲的健康状况让我担心。 误Mothers health worried about me very much. 正Mothers health worried me very much. 析worry表示“某人或某事使人烦恼、发愁”之意，是及物动词。若表示“某人为某事担忧发愁”需加介词about。 14.她丈夫看起来很强壮。 误Her husband looks to be very strong. 正Her husband seems to be very strong. 正Her husband looks very strong. 析look表示“看起来”，这个系动词后面所带的表语形容词不能和不定式连用，而seem可以。 15.我们必须为祖国而努力学习英语。 误We must learn English hard for our motherland. 正We must study English hard for our motherland. 析learn和study均作“学习”解，有时两者可以通用。如“学英语”，可说成learn English，也可说成study English。但如表示学习目的，即为了什么而学习时，则须用stndy，不能用learn. 16.为什么不穿上大衣？ 误Why dont you wear your coat? 正Why dont you pot on your coat? 析put on释义为“穿、戴上（衣服、鞋帽等）”时为动态动词；而wear释义为“穿戴着（衣服、鞋帽、眼镜等）”为姿势动词。 17.船长下棋赢了我。 误The captain won me at chess. 正The captain beat me at chess. 析win作“赢”解，其宾语通常是war，battle，game，match等，不能是表示人的名词或代词。在“比赛、游戏”中击败某人可用beat表示。 18.请打开那份折叠地图找到那个地方。 误Please open the map and find the place on it. 正Please unfold the map and find the place on it. 析open和unfold均有“打开”的意义，但open是指把原来关（或合）起来的东西打开；unfold是指把原来包（或卷或折）起来的东西打开。 19.在英语晚会上，一些学生说了笑话。 误At the English evening，some students said jokes. 正At the English evening，some students told jokes. 析汉语中的“说笑话”译成英语是telljokes/a joke。另外，“说谎话、说真话、说出区别、讲故事”的英语分别是：“tell lies/a lie,tell the truth,tell the diff