名词性从句—— 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句档.doc

名词性从句 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句主语从句一、that从句做主语1、that不能省略，常用it做形式主语That the thief has entered his room is obvious.=It is obvious that the thief has entered the room.2、it做形式主语的几种句型1) It + be + adj. + that从句It is important that we learn English well.常用形容词：important, necessary, obvious, clear, likely, possible, certain, true2) It + be + n. + that从句It was a pity that you missed the lecture.常用名词：common knowledge, a fact, a pity, a shame, a surprise, no wonder3) It + be + 过去分词 + that从句It is said that they have won the game.常用过去分词：said, believed, reported, hoped, claimed, known, announced, suggested此句型可转换成另一结构：主语 + be + 过去分词 + to do / to have doneIt is said that they have won the game. = They are said to have won the gamePeople say that he will go to America.It is said that he will go to America. = He is said to go to America.4) It + vi. +that从句It seems that something is wrong with the machine.常用vi：happen, appear, seem, turn out二、wh-从句做主语1、可用it做形式主语Who will leave for Beijing hasnt been decided.= It hasnt been decided who will leave for Beijing.2、主语从句只用whether, 不用if3、主语从句谓语动词用单数 Whether he will join us is unknown.宾语从句一、that从句做宾语1、做动词宾语I hear that they have gone to America.2、形容词宾语I am afraid that you are wrong.常用形容词： sure, certain, happy, glad, afraid, aware, eager, anxious3、复合宾语用it做形式宾语，真正宾语that从句放句尾We find it important that we learn English well.常用it做形式宾语的动词：find, feel, think, believe, make, considerWe find it important that we learn English well.We find (that) it is important that we learn English well.4、用在双宾语动词后面He has shown us that he is worthy of trust.Show sb that tell sb that5、用it做形式宾语的固定结构take it for granted that认为是理所当然的I take it for granted that he should help me.see to it that务必；一定注意到 (=make sure that)Please see to it that you should close the door before you leave the room.owe it to sb that将某事归功于某人I owe it to my parents that I have succeeded.I owe my success to my parents.6、that从句做介词宾语，在in, but, except之后的特殊用法in that 因为 except that 除了 but that如非，要不是I would have drowned，but that you had saved me in the water.二、wh- 从句做宾语1、做动词宾语I cant imagine what made him say it. what做宾语从句主语，不能用that2、做介词宾语Here is a copy of what I said.Im surprised at what he said.3、做形容词宾语Im not sure why she refused the invitation.三、宾语从句注意事项1、that可省略，但in that, except that, but that除外2、宾语从句中，当主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词要用与过去相关的时态She asked me where I was going.I wondered how he could make such rapid progress in French.注意：若从句表达的是客观真理，仍用一般现在时The teacher told us that the Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.3、当主句有think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine动词时，宾语从句中谓语动词否定转移I dont think he is a bad student. 我认为他不是一个坏学生4、Could you tell me ? 比Can you 语气婉转，从句谓语动词时态根据实际需要。5、宾语从句用陈述语序Please explain why this is impossible.Nobody can tell when she will arrive.注意：I dont know what was wrong/ the matter with the machine.I dont know what is the matter with him.I dont know what the matter is with him. 错误I dont know what the boy is.6、whether引导的从句可充当介词宾语，if不行。介词 + whether表语从句一、that从句做表语，that不能省略The truth is that he is very shy.The fact is that he is ill.注意：主语为reason时，表语从句用that；主语为it, this, that, 用becauseThe reason why she was late this morning was that she missed the early bus.That was because she had been ill.He got up late this morning, that was why he was late.2、wh-从句做表语 This is what he has done.注意：表语从句只用whether，不用ifThe question is whether we should start right now.同位语从句We must face the fact that we have spent all our money.1、that从句做同位语，that不能省 I have no doubt that he will win the game.注意：有时同位语从句被其他词隔开Word