主谓一致和倒装句.doc

主谓一致和倒装句一主谓一致定义：指句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上的一致。 英语的主谓一致大致可以分为3类：语法一致，意义一致和就近一致的原则。二你能判断下面的句子是哪种主谓一致原则吗？1 The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors _ smaller and smaller. A. becomeB. becameC. is becoming D. have become2. How much _ the pair of shoes? Twenty dollars _ enough. A. is; isB. is; areC. are; is D. are; are三语法一致主语是单数形式，谓语动词采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词采取复数形式。Eg. Love is the most beautiful thing in the world. My shoes are worn out（穿破了）.（一）单数 1.不可数名词或可数名词单数作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。2. 动词不定式或者动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。3.单个句子（主语从句）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。4.不定代词either, neither, each, one, something, everyone, nobody, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。（二）复数1. and或both and连接并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 2. all, few, several, many等修饰可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。3. 某些只有复数形式的名词（如：clothes, trousers, pants, shorts, shoes, gloves等）作主语时，谓语动词用复数数形式。4. “the+形容词”作主语，表“一类人”时谓语动词用复数。（三）特殊1. the numberof 复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；a number of +复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式2. 主语后接有with，along with , together with, as well as，like等介词或短语时，谓语动词的数由主语的单、复数形式决定。 3. “a lot of/lots of/most of等+名词”和“分数或百分数+名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由pair/kind/series等量词修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词与量词保持一致。4. 形式取决于名词。 5. “none of + 名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词可用单数可用复数。四意义一致原则主要看主语所表达的概念为单数还是复数。主语是单数形式，谓语动词采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词采取复数形式1. 表示时间、距离、重量、长度和价值的名词，一般看作一个整体，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 2. 表示总称意义的名词，如：people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 3. 集体名称如family, team, class, club等，表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；表示个体人的时候，用复数。4. 集体名称如family, team, class, club等，表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；表示个体人的时候，用复数。5. 数词作主语且表“加减乘除”时，谓语动词通常用单数，但是加法与乘法也可用复数。 五就近一致原则有时谓语动词的形式跟靠近它的名词一致，这种一致原则叫做就近一致原则。1.由连词either or，neither nor，not only but also及or连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常与离它最近的主语保持一致。 1. there/here be句型中，谓语动词be往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。 六倒装句1. so + be/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语此句型表示“也是这样”，用于描述谓语所说情况也适用于另一个人或另一个事物，只能用在肯定句。2. neither + be/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语经常出此句型表示“也不这样”。这种结构中的be/助动词/情态动词在形式上与前句的谓语动词要保持一致。3. 当以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子，为了起到强调的作用，可构成倒装句。如果主语不是名称是代词时，则不用倒装句。练习1. Listen, someone _ (sing) outside.2. Not only her parents but also her pet dog _ (be watch) TV on the sofa.3. Both Lily and I _ interested in English.4. One fourth of the students _ new here.5. Physics _ my favorite. I often do lots of exercises.6.Tom as well as two of his classmates _invited to the party.A.was B. were C. have been D. had been7. Either you or I _going to the teachers office after class.A.am B. isC. areD. will8. Most of his spare time _spent in reading.A.are B. were C. was D. have been9. His family _ very big and all of his family _ music.A. are; love B. are; loves C. is; love D. is, loves10. Ten thousand dollars _quite a large sum.A. are B. is C. were D. have11. About 20 perc