英语冠词用法.doc

曲一线高考网 高考单项选择中冠词7大考点一、a与an的用法区别a用于辅音前；an用于元音前。一般说来，元音字母发元音，辅音字母发辅音。【真题再现】(1)Have you ever seen _ tree as tall as this one? (1985全国)A. a B. such C. an D. /解析：表示一类事物中的任一个用不定冠词，又因tree以辅音t开头(也是以辅音字母开头)用a。句意是：“你曾见过与这棵树一样高的树吗？”答案是A。但需请注意以下3点：(1) 拼写以辅音字母开头读音却以元音开头的单词 hour, honest, honor等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母h开头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此，前面要用an。 【真题再现】(2)I have been waiting for him for _hour and a half. (1980全国)A. the B. a C. an D. whole解析：表示数量“一”用不定冠词，又因hour以元音开头，故用an。答案是C。 (2) 拼写以元音字母开头读音却以辅音开头的单词 useful, university, usual, united, European, one-eyed, one-way等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此，前面要用a。【真题再现】(3)Five years ago her brother was _university student of _physics. (1990上海)A. a; the B. an; the C. an; / D. a; / 解析：因为university是以辅音j开头的要用a，排除B和C；physics是学科名词，前面不用冠词。答案是D。 (3) 英文字母前用a还是用an的问题 在26个英文字母中，a, e, i, o, f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x等12个字母的读音是以元音开头的，其余字母的读音则是以辅音开头的。【真题再现】(4)Please pay attention to your spelling. You have dropped _”m” here. (1989上海) A. an B. the C. / D. a 解析：因为字母m的发音是以元音e开头的，所以用an；这里的an的意义与one相当，表示“一个”。答案是A。二、不定冠词的主要用法1. 不定冠词用在单数可数名词前，表示泛指某类人或事物中的一个，意为“一个/位/座/项/段/次”。a用在辅音前，而an用在元音前。【真题再现】(5)Have you seen _pen? I left it here this morning. Is it _black one? I think I saw it somewhere. (1997全国)A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a解析：两空都指一类事物中的一个，句意分别是“你看到过一支钢笔吗？”“是一支黑色的钢笔吗？”答案是D。 (6)Where is my blue shirt? Its in the washing machine. You have to wear _different one. (2003春)A. any B. the C. a D. other 解析：表示不得不穿另一件衬衣，故用不定冠词。答案是C。 (7)An accident happened at _crossroads a few metres away from _bank. (2003上海)A. a; a B. /; a C. /; the D. the; / 解析：句子大意是：“在离某个银行几米远的一个交*路口发生了一起事故。”注意bank和crossroads都是单数可数名词。答案是A。(8)The Wilsons live in _A-shaped house near the coast. It is _17th century cottage. (2004浙江) A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a解析：两者都是指某类事物中的一个。句意是：威尔逊一家住在海岸附近的一座A形的房子里；那是一座17世纪时建的别墅。答案是D。(9)There was _time _I hated to go to school. (2004湖北) A. a, that B. a, when C. the, that D. the, when解析：前者指“一段时间”用a time；后者是定语从句，代表先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语，用when引导。答案是B。 (10)In _ review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of _heart disease by 76%. (2006湖南)A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填D. 不填; a解析：表示“一项调查”，用不定冠词a；heart disease前通常不用冠词。答案是C。2. 表示“(数量)一”“每一”“同一(of +a/an +n.)”。【真题再现】(11)I earn 10 dollars _hour as _ supermarket cashier on Saturdays. (2003上海)A. a ; an B. the ; a C. an; a D. an; the 解析：前者表示“每一(小时)”用不定冠词，又因hour以元音开头，用an；后者是在表示职业身份的单数可数名词前，用不定冠词a。答案是C。 (12)Theres _ dictionary on _ desk by your side. (2003京春)A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the解析：前者表示“有一本词典”用a；后者是特指“你旁边的那张桌子”用the。答案是A。 (13)For a long time they walked without saying _word. Jim was the first to break _silence. (2004湖南)A. the; a B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填 解析：without saying a word(没有说一句话)中的a表示数量“一”。the silence是特指前面提到的这种沉默。答案是B。 (14)Mrs. Tailor has _ 8-year-old daughter who has _gift for painting she has won two national prizes. (2005浙江)A. a, a B. an, the C. an, a D. the, a解析：前空表示数量一用不定冠词，因8的读音是以元音开头的，用an；后空have a gift for (有天赋)是固定搭配。答案是C。3. 用于作表语或作as的宾语的职业或身份的名词前。【真题再现】(15)When he left _college, he got a job as _reporter in a newspaper office. (2004天津)A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C. a ; the D. the ; the解析：leave college意为“大学毕业”；在as后表示职业或身份的单数名词前通常要用不定冠词。答案是A。三、定冠词的主要用法1. 定冠词the的基本用法，即表示特指，相当于this(这), that(那), these(这些), those(那些)。包括指上文提到过的人或事物，或者双方都知道的人或事物。【真题再现】(16)If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off _. (2004四川) A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices 解析：price特指双方都知道的某个价格。句意是：如果你买10个以上，他们会从那个价钱中减掉20便士。答案是C。 (17)_on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _major concern of the country. (2004北京)A. The; 不填 B. The; a C. An; the D. An; 不填解析：因为division后有介词短语betweenand的限制，这是特指的，所以要用the；又因为concern作“所关切的事”解是可数名词，表示“这个国家所关切的一件大事”，所以前面要用不定冠词。答案是B。 (18)On _ news today, there were _ reports of heavy snow in that area. (2004春)A. the; the B. the；不填 C.不填；不填 D. 不填；the解析：前者是特指今天的消息，用the，排除选项C和D；在there be结构后的名词前通常不用the。答案是B。 (19)If you grow up in _ large family, you are more likely to develop _ ability to get on well with _ others. (2005江西)A. /; an; the B. a; the; / C. the; an; the D. a; the; the解析：第一空是单数可数名词表示泛指用不定冠词a；第二空后的不定式作定语表示特指用the；第三空是复数表示泛指，不用冠词。答案是B。 (20)I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _ keyboard. You shouldnt put drinks near _ computer. (2006北京)A. the; 不填 B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a解析：前者是特指谈话双方心里都知道的键盘，用the；后者是泛指任何一台电脑，用a。答案是B。 (21)Dont worry if you cant come to _ party. Ill save _ cake for you. (2006浙江)A. the; some B. a; much C. the; any D. a; little 解析：前面的party是特指双方心目中都知道的那个晚会，用the，排除B和D；因在肯定句中，用而不用，排除C。答案是A。2. 用于“the+比较级”表示“两者中较的”那一个人或事物。【真题再现】(22)Which is _country, Canada or Australia? (1992全国) A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger解析：表示“(两个国家中)较大的那一个国家”，用the，答案是D。注意若去掉句中的country，则应选B。(23)If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was _. (1995上海) A. good B. the best C. better D. the better解析：表示“(在这两者人中)John是较好的那一个”，用the better，答案是D。 (24)Of the two sisters, Betty is _ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. (2006安徽) A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest 解析：表示“两姐妹中较的年青的那一个”，在比较级前加the。答案是C。3. 用于介词短语中的方位名词前。【真题再现】(25)Summer in _south of France is for _most part dry and sunny. (2000京春) A. /, a B. the, / C. /, / D. the, the解析：在带介词的方位名词前用the；for the most part (多半，大部分时间)是固定词组，答案是D。但在没有介词的方位名词前，不用冠词。如：We stood at the top of the mountain _east of the city, watching _burning sun rising. A. 不填；a B. the; a C. the; the D. 不填；the 解析：east of前没有介词，不用the；sun前一般用the，但有形容词修饰时，用a表示“一个样的太阳”。答案是A。4. 用于最高级形容词或副词前。【真题再现】(26)Wheres _nearest bookstore? Theres one at _ end of the street. (2000上海春) A. the; an B. a; the C. the; the D. a; an 解析：前者是最高级形容词前用the；后者at the end of(在的尽头或末尾)是固定词组。答案是C。 (27)Of all _reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my fathers advice was _ most important one. (2006辽宁)A. the; a B. 不填；a C. 不填; the D. the; the解析：前者是表示特指，用the；由前面的of all表示范围，可知后者是最高级，也用the。答案是D。5. 用于play后的西洋乐器名词前。【真题再现】(28)Alice is fond of playing _piano while Henry is intersted in listening to _music. (1989全国) A. (不填);the B. (不填); (不填) C. the; (不填) D. the; the 解析：前者是play后西洋乐器名词piano前习惯上用the；抽像名词music是不可数名词，不是特指时不用冠词。答案是C。 (29)After watching _TV, she played _violin for an hour. (1991全国) A. 不填, 不填 B. the, the C. the, 不填 D. 不填, the 解析：play(弹，演奏)后接的西洋乐器violin前要用the；watch TV是习惯说法，不用冠词。答案是D。 注意：在象erhu(二胡)之类的汉语拼音的中国民乐名称前，就不用冠词。6. 用于“the +逢十的复数基数词”前表示年代。【真题再现】(30)It is not rare in _that people in _fifties are going to university for further education. (1999上海) A. 90s; the B. the 90s; / C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their 解析：表示在几十年代，用“the逢十的复数基数词”，排除选项A和C；表示在某人几十多岁时，用“ones逢十的复数基数词”。答案是D。7. 用于“the+比较级，the+比较级”(越就越)句型中。【真题再现】(31)It is believed that _ you work, _result youll get. (1993上海) A. the harder; the better B. the more hard; the most betterC. the harder; a better D. more hard; more better解析：由句式“the+比较级，the+比较级”可判断答案是A。8. 用于by the dozen/gallon/ ton/yard/ year/month/day/hour等结构中表示计量单位，意为“按/以(卖/租/付款)”，常与buy, sell, rent, charge等动词连用。【真题再现】(32)As a rule, the workers are paid _.(2004上海春)A. by the hour B. by hour C. by an hour D. by hours解析：表示工人的工资“按小时付”用by the hour。答案是A。注意：在by weight(按重量)中不用the。9. 用于“动词+人+介词+the+人体部位或衣着”中：用于该句型的动词常常是表示“打、抓、牵、拉、拍、踢”等之类的动词。【真题再现】(33)A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in _ leg. (2001上海)A. a B. one C. the D. his 解析：表示一棵子弹打在这个士兵的腿上，表示人体部位的名词前用the。答案是C。四、零冠词的主要用法(即不用冠词的情况)1. 复数可数名词表示泛指和不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。【真题再现】(34)Beyond _stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _space. (1990全国)A. the; (不填) B. (不填); the C. (不填); (不填) D. the; the解析：前者是特指用the，后者space作“太空”讲是不可数名词，不用冠词。答案是A。 (35)Most animals little connection with _animals of _different kind unless they kill them for food. (2000全国)A. the; a B. 不填; a C. the; the D. 不填; the解析：前者是复数名词表示泛指不用冠词，后者的kind是单数可数名词前用a；也可看作是a kind of animals(另一种不同的动物)。答案是B。 (36)Mr. Smith, theres a man at_ front door who says he has _news for you of great importance. (2001京春) A. the, 不填 B. the, the C. 不填, 不填 D. 不填, the 解析：news是不可数名词，只是说“他有重要的消息要告诉你”但并不知究竟是什么消息，不用冠词；指双方都知道的前门前用the。答案是A。 (37)I dont like talking on _telephone; I prefer writing _letters. (2002春)A. a; the B. the;不填 C.the; the D. a; 不填解析：前者on the telephone是习语；后者letters是复数名词表示泛指，不用冠词。答案是B。 (38)The sign reads In case of _fire, break the glass and push _red button. (2003全国)A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C the; the D. a; a解析：前者是泛指，fire是不可数名词，不用冠词；后者是特指贴这告示边的那个红色按钮，另外，从前面break the glass也可得到启示。答案是B。 (39)Tom owns _larger collection of _books than any other student in our class. (2004江苏) A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填 C. a; the D. 不填; the 解析：books是复数可数名词泛指书这类东西，而非特指具体的什么书，所以不用冠词；又因collection (收藏品) 是单数可数名词，又不是特指，所以用不定冠词。答案是B。 (40)It is often said that _teachers have _very easy life. (2005北京)A.不填；不填 B不填；a C. the; 不填 D. the; a 解析：第一空是名词复表示泛指, teachers泛指老师这类人，不用冠词；have /lead /live a life(过着样的生活)是习惯说话。答案是B。 (41)Everywhere man has cut down _ forests in order to grow crops, or to use _ wood as fuel or as building material. (2006重庆25)A. the; the B. the; / C. /；the D. /；/ 解析：因forests是名词复数表示泛指，不用冠词，排除选项A和B；而这里的wood是特指被砍伐后的“那些木材”，故用定冠词，排除D。答案是C。2. 在as(虽然)引导的让步状语从句前面的单数可数名词前不用冠词。【真题再现】(42)_, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. (2005重庆) A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student 解析：as作“虽然”解，引导让步状语从句时，一般将表语或状语提到句首，当作表语的名词是单数名词时，通常省略不定冠词。答案是B。3. man(人，人类), word(消息)的前面不用冠词。【真题再现】(43)While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made _ discovery which completely changed _ mans understanding of colour. (2004广东) A. a不填 B. athe C. 不填the D. thea 解析：man作“人，人类”解，前面不加冠词；受名词所有格(mans)修饰的名词前(understanding)，也是不能用冠词的，所以第二空不用冠词。make a discovery (作出发现)是固定搭配。答案是A。4. 学科名词前不用冠词。 【真题再现】(44)She is _ newcomer to _chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. (1994全国) A. the; the B. the; 不填 C. a; 不填 D. a; the解析：作表语的身份名词前一般用不定冠词，a newcomer表示一位新成员；physics是学科名词，前面一般不用冠词。答案是C。注：下列3种情况虽未曾考过，但仍需注意： (1)球类运动和棋类游戏名词前不用冠词。如play football踢足球。 (2)在某些独立主格结构中。如： The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。(3)在表示“变成”的turn后作表语的名词不用冠词。如：He will never turn traitor. 他绝不会成为叛徒。五、三种冠词表示类别时的用法比较 泛指一类人或事物时，不可数名词前不用冠词，可数名词有下列三种情况：1. “不定冠词a(n)单数可数名词”：指某类人或事物中的任何一个或者某一个。【真题再现】(45)Jumping out of _airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _exciting experience. (2002全国)A. 不填; the B. 不填; an C. an; an D. the; the 解析：前者指一类事物中的任一，即处于一万英尺高的“任何一驾飞机”，用不定冠词；后者指“一次令人激动的经历”，也用不定冠词。答案是C。2. “定冠词the单数可数名词”：指某类事物的整体。多用于讨论科技问题，常与invent, become extinct (=die out)等动词连用。【真题再现】(46)Alexander Graham Bell invented _telephone in 1876. (MET91) A.不填 B. a C. the D. one 解析：这是是指表示电话这类东西的整体类别，用the。答案是C。3. “零冠词复数可数名词”：指具有某类人或事物特点的全体。【】(47)Many people are still in _habit of writing silly things in _public places. (1993全国) A. the; the B. 不填；不填 . the; 不填 D. 不填 ; the 解析：public places(公共场所)就是复数名词表示泛指；第一空受of短语修饰表示特指。答案是C。 六、有关冠词使用的疑难问题1. 序数词前冠词的使用问题：强调顺序时用定冠词；当不强调顺序，而是表示在原来的基础上增加，即“又，还，再”时，用不定冠词。如：【真题再现】(48)The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have _third one because _second one is rather too small. (2002上海春) A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a 解析：第一空表示“还，再”用不定冠词；第二空强调顺序用定冠词。句意为：蛋糕很好吃，因为他第二块太小了，所以他想再吃一块。答案是C。2. school, bed等前面冠词的使用问题：像bed, table, class, school, college, church, hospital, prison等名词，在指这些家具、建筑或场所本身时用冠词，但若指它们所具有的作用或功能时，则不用冠词，此时多用于go to或者be in/at之后。【真题再现】(49)Where is Jack? I think he is still in_ bed, but he might just be in _ bathroom. (1992全国) A. 不填；不填 B. the；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；the 解析：题中bed是指其用途，即：be in bed在睡觉。第二空指双方都知道的洗手间。答案是D。 (50)When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _hotel; I can find you _bed in my flat. (2004全国) A. the; a B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. a; 不填 解析：题中bed不是指其用途，而是泛指“床”这类事物中的一个。hotel是特指这次住的那个旅馆。句意是：你下次来这里度假，就不要住那个旅馆了，我在我的公寓里帮你弄一张床。答案是A。 (51)This book tells _ life story of John Smith, who left _ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. (2005辽宁)A. the; the B. a; the C. the;不填 D. a;不填解析：因后面的of John Smith是特指，所以用定冠词the；leave school(毕业)不用冠词。答案是C。3. 专有名词前的冠词使用问题：一般不用冠词，如John, China等。但以下几种情况用冠词：“the姓氏复数”：表示“某某夫妇”或“姓某的一家人”。【真题再现】(52)_will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. (1993上海) A. The Evens B. The Evens C. The Evenses D. Evenses解析：能在句中作主语，应当是指Evens一家人或Evens夫妇。 答案是C。 (53)Who did you spend last weekend with? _. (1998上海)A. Palmers B. The Palmers C. The Palmers D. The Palmers 解析：从句话可知应当回答的是who，表示姓某的一家人或夫妇，是“the+姓氏的复数”。答案是C。“a(n)+人名”：表示“式的人物”或“(有)一个名叫的人”。【真题再现】(54)I know _ John Lennon, but not _famous one. (2005山东)A. 不填；a B. a; the C. 不填；the D. the; a解析：前空表示“(有)一个叫的人”用a；后空表示特指，用the。句意是：我认识一个叫John Lennon的人，但不是那个著名的John Lennon。答案是B。 (55)Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? Sorry, wrong number. There isnt _Mr. Smith here. (2006全国I30)A.不填 B. a C. the D. one解析：由语境可知是“这里没有一个叫史密斯先生的人。”表示“一个叫的人”要用不定冠词。答案是B。 由普通名词构成的专有名词前通常要加the。【真题再现】(56)The most important thing about cotton in history is _part that it played in _Industrial Revolution. (2004重庆) A. 不填；不填 B. the；不填 C. the; the D. a; the解析：前者因为part后面有一个表示特指的限制性定语从句修饰，用the；后者“工业革命”是由普通名词构成的专有名词，要用the。答案是C。 (57)On May 5, 2005, at _World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in mens doubles with _ score of 4:1. (2005江苏)A. a; a B. 不填; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a解析：第一空是由普通名词构成的专有名词，前面要用the；第二空是指以4比1这样“一个分数”，用不定冠词a。答案是D。 (58)After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson _ ride to _ Capital Airport. (2005安徽)A. the; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D. 不填; the解析：因ride“一段车程”是可数名词，前面用不定冠词；第二空是由普通名词构成的专有名词，前面用the。答案是B。 (59)According to _World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent _spread of AIDS. (2006陕西)A. the; 不填 B. the; the C. a; a D. 不填; the解析：前者是由普通名词构成的专有名词，用the，排除C和D；后者有表示限制性的of短语，为特指，也用the。答案是B。注：(1)表示特指时专有名词前也可能用the。如the Gorge of China (中国的高尔基)，the China of the 1960s(20世纪60年代的中国)，the Smith youre looking for(你在找的那个史密斯)。(2)若是在“专有名词(人名或地名)普通名词”构成的专有名词前不用冠词，如Beijing University(北京大学), Yale University(耶鲁大学)。4. 物质名词和抽象名词前冠词的使用问题：一般不用冠词，但特指时要用the。【真题再现】(60) In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck by _beauty of _nature that he stayed for another night. (1991上海)A. /, / B. /, the C. the, / D. the, the 解析：beauty虽是抽象名词(不可数)，但后有表示特指的of 短语，用the；nature作“大自然， 自然界”解是不可数名词，通常不用冠词。答案是C。 (61)I know you dont like _ music very much. But what do you think of _ music in the film we saw yesterday? (2006全国II)A. /; / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the解析：music是抽象名词(不可数)，前者是泛指的，不用冠词；后者是特指昨晚所看电影中的音乐，用the。答案是D。 注：下列两种情况也用冠词：(1)有的抽象名词具体化后，前面要加不定冠词。如a surprise一件预料之外的事，a pity /shame (一件令人遗憾的事), a success(一件成功的事或一个成功的人)，a pleasure(一件快乐的事)，a time(一段时间)。(2)不定冠词可在