虚拟语气导学案及答案.doc

M6 U3 Grammar Unreal conditionals 虚拟语气【知识准备】英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。条件状语从句分类条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 eg： 1. If he doesnt hurry up,he will miss the bus.2.If he is free,he will ask me to tell stories. 3.If I were you,I would go at once. 4.If there were no air,people would die.以上四句中 和 是真实语气 ； 和 是虚拟语气【自主探究】一、状语从句中的虚拟语气(一) if 引导的条件状语从句1 If I had time, I would attend the meeting.2. If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.3. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.4. If he had come earlier, he wouldnt have missed the first bus.5 If the headmaster came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.6 If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.7 If he should make a mistake, you should not blame him.与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 感悟：与现在事实相反1. If I were a doctor, I might save her life without hesitation.2. If I stayed at home now, I could play computer games. 总结形式： 时态 if条件从句主 句与现在事实相反 练一练： If I were _ If I had time , _译一译: 1.要是他现在在这儿，我们就会问他关于这件事。 _ 2.即使她现在在这儿，她也不能解决这个问题。 _感悟：与过去事实相反1. If I had earned a lot of money last year, I would have bought a car.2. If the earthquake hadnt happened in Wen chuan in 2008, many people wouldnt have lost families. 总结形式： 时态 if 条件从 句主句 与过去事实相反 练一练：1. If the farmer hadnt seen the snake, he _ (not put) it in the arms. 2. If he _ (not put) it in the arms, the snake wouldnt have bitten him.3. If the snake _ (not bite) him, he_ (not die). 4.If my lawyer _(not be here ) last Saturday , he _(prevent ) me from going . 4如果我好好学习_如果昨天我听你的建议， _如果我更小心地开车， _如果上个月没下雨， _感悟：与将来事实相反1. In the future, if I had 10,000,000 yuan, I would buy a house. 2. If the water in the Pacific Ocean were to be poured out, it wouldnt stop my love.3. If he should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it.总结形式: 时态 if 条件从句 主句 与将来事实相反练一练：1. If everyone _ (help) those in need in future, the world would be a much better place.2. If it _ (be) fine this weekend, we would have a picnic.3. If I _(be admit to) a famous university in two years, I would treat you to a big meal.4. If it _(snow) tomorrow, we would go skiing.译一译：1.如果我今天下午看见他了，我会告诉他的。 2.要是我将来赚了一千万，我就自己建立一个学校。 3.他要是敢解雇我，我就泄露他所有的秘密。（二）：条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语中有were, had, should时, 可以倒装成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他1. If I were you, I would try it again. _, I would try it again. 2. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. _ there yesterday, he would have seen the film.3. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. _ tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. （三）错综时间条件句：假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。1. If the weather had been fined, the crops would be growing still better.2. If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.3. If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you _(know) what we are doing now. 4.If you _(take) my advice then, you _(现在就不会有麻烦了)5. _ her husband _(kill) in the war, she would not be helping others with housework now.（四）：含蓄条件句：有时虚拟的条件不是通过条件句来表示，而是用一些词或短语，如 without, but for, or , otherwise等，这种句子叫含蓄条件句。1. But for electricity ( = If it were not for electricity ), there would be no modern industry.2. Without your help (If it had not been for your help), we could not have succeed.3. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.Key: 1. would not have put2. had not put 3. had not bitten/would not have died 4.had not been here /would not have prevented练一练：填入合适的动词形式。1）Without air, there _no life on the earth. (be)2